高中英语 校本教程远大前程文学赏析 无答案

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远大前程赏析

远大前程赏析

远大前程赏析《远大前程》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯的一部重要作品,被誉为是19世纪英国社会小说的经典之作。

作为一部具有社会写实主义风格的小说,它通过主人公皮普(Pip)的成长故事,深刻揭示了当时英国封建社会的丑陋和黑暗面,以及人性的贪婪和自私。

小说以皮普为视角叙述,以第一人称的形式呈现。

通篇故事围绕着皮普的成长展开,通过描写他简单的农村生活、突然而来的机缘以及在伦敦的各种遭遇来引发读者的思考。

故事开始于皮普年幼的时候,他生活在一个贫穷的农村,父母早逝,寄人篱下。

然而,在一个风雨交加的晚上,一个神秘的人出现在他面前,这个人就是小说中非常重要且神秘的人物——马奎斯夫人。

马奎斯夫人为皮普安排了一笔财富,并希望他能成为一个大人物。

于是皮普来到伦敦,开始接受良好的教育,和社会上层建立联系。

皮普的生活渐渐改变了,他被富人密斯·哈维带进高级圈子,渐渐地忘记了自己的过去。

然而,皮普对失去的亲人的思念和对家乡的眷恋始终存在。

他结识了一个叫做赫伯特的年轻人,两人成为了好朋友。

在赫伯特的帮助下,皮普慢慢意识到财富并不能给他真正的幸福和满足感,他开始怀念起家乡的贫困而真实的生活。

小说中有多个重要的人物形象,其中一个就是皮普追求的女子艾斯·哈维。

她是皮普从小就喜欢的女孩,但因为社会地位的差距,皮普一直没有机会和她在一起。

通过一系列的经历,皮普渐渐意识到外表与社会地位并不能决定一个人的幸福,他最终选择了与自己真心爱着的女子在一起。

通过描写皮普的成长与转变,小说《远大前程》深刻地反映了19世纪英国社会的种种问题,封建的残酷、贫富差距的悬殊,以及人性的善与恶。

狄更斯以其独特的笔法,优美的描写,将一个个丰满的人物形象展现在读者面前,引导读者思考社会公正与人性的价值观。

小说《远大前程》以其丰富的社会背景、真实的人物形象和深刻的思考内容,成为了狄更斯饱含社会情感和人文关怀的杰作。

通过这本小说,读者可以更好地理解19世纪英国社会的现实与梦想,思考人性的真善美恶,以及贫富差距所带来的社会问题。

简析狄更斯《远大前程》中的浪漫主义特征

简析狄更斯《远大前程》中的浪漫主义特征

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高中英语 校本教程远大前程文学赏析 无答案

高中英语 校本教程远大前程文学赏析  无答案

英语名著名篇阅读Great Expectations【作品简介】故事发生在十九世纪的英国。

孤儿皮普父母双亡, 和姐姐、姐夫生活在一起。

圣诞节前, 皮普到墓地去悼念父母, 遇到了逃犯马格威奇。

皮普为他拿来了食物充饥, 令马格威奇非常感动, 但最后他还是被警察带走了。

圣诞过后, 皮普被邀请到村里最富有的哈维沙姆小姐家做客, 遇到了哈维汉姆小姐收养的女孩埃斯特拉, 从此便一发不可收拾地爱上了她。

但埃斯特拉是个傲慢又刻薄的女孩, 根本不把皮普放在眼里。

这令皮普很伤心, 他暗自下决心要成为一名绅士好让埃斯特拉不再歧视自己。

机会终于在几年后来了, 一位不愿透露姓名的人愿意资助皮普到伦敦去过上流社会的生活。

皮普满心欢喜地来到伦敦, 学习如何成为一名真正的绅士。

然而命运并不如皮普所希望的那样:已长得亭亭玉立的少女埃斯特拉从国外学习归来后, 穿梭于许多男人之间, 并选择了其中一个恶棍成为她的丈夫;多年来资助皮普的人终于出现了, 竟然是多年前被皮普搭救过的逃犯马格威奇, 最终他被警察抓住, 死在了监狱, 赠给皮普的遗产也被充公。

皮普的“远大前程”化为泡影。

Pip meets a strangerMy first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip.So Pip was what everybody called me.I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me, and married to Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith.My parents had died when I was a baby, so I could not remember them at all, but quite often I used to visit the churchyard, about a mile from the village, to look at their names on their gravestones.My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold, grey, December afternoon, looking out at the dark, flat, wild marshes divided by the black line of the River Thames, and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.Don't say a word!’cried a terrible voice, as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me.‘If you shout I'll cut your throat!’He was a big man, dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg.His clothes were wet and torn.He looked exhausted, and hungry, and very fierce.I had never been so frightened in my whole life.‘Tell me your name, boy!Quick!’he said, still holding me.‘And show me where you live!’‘My name's Pip, sir.And I live in the village over there.’He picked me up and turned me upsidedown.Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread.He ate it in two bites, like a dog, and put me back on the gravestone.‘So where are your father and mother?’he asked.‘There, sir, ’I answered, pointing to their graves.‘What!’he cried, and was about to run, when he saw where I was pointing.‘Oh!’he said.‘ I see.They're dead.Well, who do you live with, if I let you live, which I haven't decided yet?’‘With my sister, sir, wife of Joe Gargery, the blacksmith.’Blacksmith, you say?And he looked down at his leg.Then he held me by both arms and stared fiercely down into my eyes.‘Now look here.You bring me a file.You know what that is?And you bring me some food.If you don't, or if you tell anyone about me, I'll cut your heart out.’‘I promise I'll do it, sir, ’I answered.I was badly frightened and my whole body was trembling.‘You see, ’he continued, smiling unpleasantly, ‘I travel with a young man, a friend of mine, who roasts boys’ hearts and eats them.He'll find you, wherever you are, and he'll have your heart.So bring the file and the food to that wooden shelter over there, early tomorrow morning, if you want to keep your heart, that is Remember, you promised!’I watched him turn and walk with difficulty across the marshes, the chain hanging clumsily around his leg.Then I ran home as fast as I could.My sister, Mrs Joe Gargery, was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up‘by hand’.Nobody explained to me what this meant, and because she had a hard and heavy hand, which she used freely on her husband as well as me, I supposed that Joe and I were both brought up by hand.She was not a beautiful woman, being tall and thin, with black hair and eyes and a very red face.She clearly felt that Joe and I caused her a lot of trouble, and she frequently complained about it.Joe, on the other hand, was a gentle, kind man with fair hair and weak blue eyes, who quietly accepted her scolding.Because Joe and I were in the same position of being scolded by Mrs Joe, we were good friends, and Joe protected me from her anger whenever he could.So when I ran breathless into the kitchen, he gave me a friendly warning.‘She's out looking for you, Pip!And she's got the stick with her!’This stick had been used so often for beating me that it was no w quite smooth.Just then Mrs Joe rushed in.‘Where have you been, you young monkey?’she shouted.I jumped behind Joe to avoid being hit with the stick.‘Only to the churchyard, ’I whispered, starting to cry.‘Churchyard!If I hadn't brought you up, you'd be in the churchyard with our parents.You'll send me to the church-yard one day!Now let me get your supper ready, both of you!’For the rest of the evening, I thought of nothing but the stranger on the marshes.Sometimes, as the wind blew round the house, I imagined I heard his voice outside, and I thought with horror of the young man who ate boys’hearts.Just before I went to bed, we heard the sound of a big gun on the marshes.‘Was that a gun, Joe?’I asked.‘Ah!’said Joe.‘Another convict's escaped.One got away last night.They always fire the gun when one escapes.’‘Who fires the gun?’I asked.Joe shook his head to warn me.‘Too many questions, ’frowned my sister.‘If you must know it's the men in the prison-ships who fire the gun.’‘I wonder who is put into pris on-ships, and why?’I asked, in a general way, quietly desperate to know the answer.This was too much for Mrs Joe.‘Listen, my boy, I didn't bring you up by hand to annoy people to death!There are ships on the river which are used as prisons.People who steal and murder are put in the prison-ships, and they stay there for years sometimes.And they always begin their life of crime by asking too many questions!Now, go to bed!’I could not sleep at all that night.I was in terror of the man with the iron chain, I was in terror of my sister, who would soon discover I had stolen her food.As soon as there was a little light in the sky outside my window, I got up and went quietly down to the kitchen.I stole some bread, cheese and a big meat pie, hoping that, as there was a lot of food ready for Christmas, nobody would notice what was missing.I did not dare take the whole brandy bottle, so I poured some into a smaller bottle to take away with me.Then I filled up the brandy bottle with what I thought was water from a big brown bottle.I took a file from Joe's box of tools, and ran out on to the dark marshes.The mist was so thick that I could not see anything.Al-though I knew my way to the shelter very well, I almost got lost this time.I was near it when I saw a man sitting on the ground, half asleep.I went up and touched his shoulder.He jumped up, and it was the wrong man!He was dressed in grey, too, and had an iron chain on his leg.He ran away into the mist.‘It's the young man!’I thought, feeling a pain in my heart.When I arrived at the shelter, I found the right man.He looked so cold and hungry that I felt sorry for him.Trembling violently he swallowed the brandy and ate the food like a hunted animal, looking around him all the time for danger.‘You're sure you didn't te ll anyone?Or bring anyone?’‘No, sir.I'm glad you're enjoying the food, sir.’‘Thank you, my boy.You've been good to a poor man.’‘But I'm afraid there won't be any left for him.’‘Him?Who's that?’My friend stopped in the middle of eating.‘The young man w ho travels with you.’‘Oh, him!’he replied, smiling.‘He doesn't want any food.’‘I thought he looked rather hungry, ’I answered.He stared at me in great surprise.‘Looked?When?’‘Just now, over there.I found him half asleep and I thought it was you.He was dressed like you, andI was anxious to express this politely‘-he had the same reason for wanting to borrow a file.’‘Then I did hear them fire the gun last night!You know, boy, when you're on the marsh alone at night, you imagine all kinds of things, voices calling, guns firing, soldiers marching!But show me where this man went.I'll find him and I'll finish with him!I'll smash his face!Give me the file first.’I was afraid of him now that he was angry again.‘I'm sorry, I must go home now, ’I said.He did not seem to hear, so I left him bending over his leg and filing away at his iron chain like a madman.Halfway home I stopped in the mist to listen, and I could still hear the sound of the file.Catching a convictAll that morning I was frightened that my sister would discover that I had stolen from her, but luckily she was so busy cleaning the house, and roasting the chickens for our Christmas lunch that she did not notice that I had been out, or that any food was missing.At half-past one our two guests arrived.Mr Wopsle had a large nose and a shining, bald forehead, and was the church clerk.Mr Pumblechook, who had a shop in the nearest town, was a fat, middle-aged man with a mouth like a fish, and staring eyes.He was really Joe's uncle but it was Mrs Joe who called him uncle.Every Christmas Day he arrived with two bottles of wine, handing them proudly to my sister.‘Oh Uncle Pumblechook!This is kind!’she always replied.‘It's no more than you deserve, ’was the answer every time.Sitting at table with these guests I would have felt uncomfortable even if I hadn't robbed my sister.Not only was Pumblechook's elbow in my eye, but I wasn't allowed to speak, and they gave me the worst pieces of meat.Even the chickens must have been ashamed of those parts of their bodies when they were alive.And worse than that, the adults never left me in peace.‘Before we eat, let us thank God for the food in front of us, ’said Mr Wopsle, in the deep voice he used in church.‘Do you hear that?’whispered my sister to me.‘Be grateful!’‘Especially, ’said Mr Pumblechook firmly, ‘be grateful, boy, to those who brought you up by hand.’‘Why are the young never grateful?’wondered Mr Wopsle sadly.‘Their characters are naturally bad, ’answered Mr Pumblechook, and all three looked unpleasantly at me.When there were guests, Joe's position was even lower than usual(if that was possible), but he always tried to help me if he could.Sometimes he comforted me by giving me extra gravy.He did that now.‘Just imagine, boy, ’said Mr Pumblechook, ‘if your sister hadn't brought you up’‘You listen to this, ’said my sister to me crossly.‘If, as I say, she hadn't spent her life looking after you, where would you be now?’Joe offered me more gravy.‘He was a lot of trouble to you, madam, ’Mr Wopsle said sympat hetically to my sister.‘Trouble?’she cried.‘Trouble?’And then she started on a list of all my illnesses, accidents and crimes, while everybody except Joe looked at me with disgust.Joe added more gravy to the meat swimming on my plate, and I wanted to pull Mr Wopsle's nose.In the end, Mrs Joe stopped for breath, and said to Mr Pumblechook, ‘Have a little brandy;uncle.There is a bottle al-ready open.’It had happened at last!Now she would discover I had stolen some brandy, and put water in the bottle.Mr Pumblechook held his glass up to the light, smiled importantly at it and drank it.When, immediately afterwards, he jumped up and began to rush round the room in a strange wild dance, we all stared at him in great surprise.Was he mad?I wondered if I had murdered him, but if so, how?At last he threw himself gasping into a chair, crying ‘Medicine!’Then I understood.Instead of filling up the brandy bottle with water, I had put Mrs Joe's strongest and most unpleasant medicine in by mistake.That was what the big brown bottle contained.‘But how could my medicine get into a brandy bottle?’asked my sister.Fortunately she had no time to find the answer, as Mr Pumblechook was calling for a hot rum to remove the taste of the medicine.‘And now,’she said, when the fat man was calmer, ‘you must all try Uncle Pumblechook's pre-sent to us!A really delicious meat pie!’‘That's right, Mrs Joe!’said Mr Pumblechook, looking more cheerful now.‘ Bring in the pie!’‘You shall have some, Pip, ’said Joe kindly.I knew what would happen next.I could not sit there any longer.I jumped down from the table, and ran out of the room.But at the front door I ran straight into a group of soldiers.Mrs Joe was saying as she came out of the kitchen, ‘The pie-has-gone!’but stopped when she saw the so ldiers.‘Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen, ’said the officer in charge.‘I'm here in the King's name, and I want the black-smith.’‘And why do you want him?’said my sister crossly.‘Madam, ’replied the officer Politely, ‘speaking for myself, I'd like the pleasure of meeting his fine wife.Speaking for the King, I'd like him to repair these handcuffs.’‘Ah, very good, very good!’ said Mr Pumblechook, clap-ping.The soldiers waited in the kitchen while Joe lit the forge fire and started work.I began to feel better now that everyone had forgotten the missing pie.‘How far are we from the marshes?’asked the officer.‘About a mile, ’replied Mrs Joe.‘ That's good.We'll catch them before it's dark.’‘ Convicts, officer?’asked Mr Wopsle.‘Yes, two escaped convicts out on the marshes.Has anyone here seen them?’The others all shook their heads.Nobody asked me.When the handcuffs were ready, Joe suggested we should go with the soldiers, and as Mrs Joe was curious to know what happened, she agreed.So Joe, Mr wopsle and I walked behind the men through the village and out on to the marshes.‘ I hope we don't find those poor men, Joe, ’I whispered.‘ I hope not either, Pip, ’he whispered back.It was cold, with an east wind blowing from the sea, and it was getting dark.Suddenly we all stopped.We heard shouts in the distance.‘This way!Run!’the officer ordered, and we all rushed in that direction.The shouts became clearer.‘ Murder!’‘Escaped convict!’‘Help!’At last we discovered two men fighting each other.One was my convict, and the other was the man who had run away when I had seen him near the shelter.Somehow the soldiers held the men apart and put the hand-cuffs on them.‘Here he is, I'm holding him for you!’shouted my convict.‘Officer, he tried to murder me!’cried the oth er man.His face was bleeding and he was clearly very frightened.‘ Murder him!No, ’said the first, ‘ that would be too easy.I want him to suffer more, back on the prisonship.He's lying, as he did at our trial!You can't trust Compeyson!’Just then he noticed me for the first time.I shook my head at him, to show that I had not wanted the soldiers to find him.He stared at me, but I did not know if he understood or not.The prisoners were taken to the riverside, where a boat was waiting to take them on to the prison-ship.Just as he was about to leave, my convict said, ‘Officer, after my escape, I stole some food, from the blacksmith's house.Bread, cheese, brandy and a meat pie.I'm sorry I ate your pie, blacksmith.’‘I'm glad you did, ’replied Joe kindly.‘ We don't know why you're a convict, but we wouldn't want you to die of hunger.’The man rubbed his eyes with the back of his dirty hand.We watched the small boat carry him out to the middle of the river, where the great black prison-ship stood high out of the water, held by its rusty chains.He disappeared into the ship, and I thought that was the last I had seen of him.Reading tasksI. Comprehending1. Why was Pip frightened all that morning?2. What is the relationship between Pip and Joe Gargery?3. Why did Pip feel uncomfortable sitting at table with those guests?4. If you were Pip’s sister, would you think Bringing up Pip was a lot of trouble to you?5. What is the relationship between Mr Pumblechook and Mr Joe?6. Why was there an iron chain on the man’s leg in the churchyard?7. Why did the man ask Pip to bring a file to him?8. What did Pip’s sister mean when she said ‘I brought you up by hand’?II. How many parts can you divide the chapter into? Write one sentence to sum up each part. III. What kind of person is Joe Gargery? How do you know?IV.Make a summary of this chapter using your own words. (No more than 200words)V. If you were Pip, would you help the man with an iron chain on his leg?VI. Underline the words,expressions and sentences which you think are well used. And then copy them into your notebook.Great expectationsOne Saturday evening, when I had been apprenticed to Joe for four years, he and I were sitting in the pub, with some of the villagers, listening to Mr Wopsle.He was giving a dramatic reading of a newspaper report of a murder trial, and we all enjoyed watching him act the main characters. His witnesses were old and feeble, his lawyers were clever and sharp-eyed, and his accused was a violent, wicked murderer.Suddenly we became aware of a strange gentleman who had also been listening, and was now looking coldly at us.‘Well!’he said to us, biting the side of his finger.‘So you've decided the accused was the murderer, have you?'‘Sir, 'answered Mr Wopsle firmly, ‘yes, I do think he is guilty.’We all nodded our heads in agreement.‘But, ’said the stranger, ‘do you or do you not know that the law of England supposes every man to be innocent until he is proved-proved-to be guilty?’‘Sir, ’began Mr Wopsle, ‘as an Englishman myself, I-’‘Come!’said the stranger, ‘don't avoid the question.Either you know it, or you don't know it.Which is it?’‘Of course I know it, ’answered poor Mr Wopsle.‘Then why didn't you say so at first?Another question. Do you know that this trial isn't finished yet?’Mr Wopsle hesitated, and we all began to have a rather bad opinion of him.‘And you were going to say that the accused was guilty, before the end of the trial, before he has been proved guilty!’We realized that the unfortunate Wopsle had no understa nding of the law, or indeed anything at all.Now the stranger stood in front of our little group.‘I'm looking for the blacksmith, Joe Gargery, ’he said, ‘and his apprentice, Pip.’He did not recognize me but I knew he was the gentleman I had met on the stairs when visiting Miss Havisham. There was even the same smell of perfumed soap on his large hands.‘I want to speak to you two in private, ’he said, and so Joe and I left the pub and walked home with him.‘My name is Jaggers, and I'm a lawyer, ’he said, wh en he reached the forge.‘Joe Gargery, I am sent by someone who suggests cancelling this boy's apprenticeship to you.Would you want any money, if you lost your apprentice?'‘I'd never stand in Pip's way, never, 'said Joe, staring.‘The answer is no.’‘Don't try to change that answer later, ’said MrJaggers. ‘Now, what I have to say, and remember, I'm only an agent, I don't speak for myself, is that this young man has great expectations.’Joe and I gasped, and looked at each other.‘I have been told to say that he will be very rich when he is older. In addition, the person who sent me wants the young man to be removed from his home and educated as a gentleman who expects to inherit a fortune.'My dream had come true. Miss Havisham was making me rich!‘Now, Mr Pip, ’continued the lawyer, ‘there are two conditions.The first is that you always use the name of Pip.The second is that the name of the person who has been so generous to you must remain a secret, until that person chooses to tell you.You are forbidden to ask any questions or try to discover who the person is.Do you accept these conditions?My heart was beating fast as I whispered, ‘Yes '.‘Now, to details.I have been given enough money for you to live the life of a gentleman in London while you are studying .You will come to me to ask for whatever you need .I suggest Mr Matthew Pocket as a teacher.’I remembered that was the name of one of Miss Havisham 's relations, the one who did not visit her often.‘ You must buy some new clothes.Shall I leave you twenty pounds?’He counted twenty coins out of his large purse onto the table.‘And when can you come to London?Next Saturday?’I agreed, feeling very confused.He looked at Joe, who seemed even more confused.‘Well, Joe Gargery?Perhaps, I only say perhaps, I promi se nothing, ’he said, throwing his purse carelessly from one hand to another, ‘perhaps I have been told to give you a present when you lose your apprentice.'Joe put his great strong hand on my shoulder in the gentlest possible way. ‘Pip can go freely to fortune and happiness, he knows that.But if you think that money can ever pay me back for losing the little child-who came to the forge-and always the best of friends!’He could not continue.Dear good Joe!I was so ready to leave you, and so ungrateful to you!I can see you now, with your strong blacksmith's arm in front of your eyes, and your shoulders shaking, and tears on your cheeks. But at the time I was so excited by my good luck that I forgot what I owed to Joe. Mr Jaggers clearly thought Joe was a fool for refusing money, and left the house, reminding me to go straight to his office in London in a week's time.Joe told Biddy what had happened, and both congratulated me. They were very quiet and sad at first, because I would be leaving them, but I promised I would never forget them and would often return to visit them. Biddy tried to explain the good news to my sister, but the poor woman could not under-stand.As Joe and Biddy became a little more cheerful, discussing my possible plans for the future, I became more miserable. Now that I could be a gentleman, as I had always wished, I was not sure if I wanted to leave my home, which was full of happy memories.That week passed slowly. I took a last walk through the churchyard to the marshes.At least I need never think about my convict again. No doubt he was dead by now.It was strange that the news of my expectations had not made me happier.When I went into town to order my new clothes, Mr Pumblechook was waiting for me at the door of his shop.‘My dear friend, if you will allow me to call you that, ’ he cried, shaking both my hands, ‘let me congratulate you on your fortune!Nobody deserves it more than you!’He seemed somuch more sensible than before that I agreed to have lunch with him.‘When I think, ’ he said happily, ‘that I, Pumblechook, was able to help in my small way, by taking you to play at Miss-’‘Remember, ’I stopped him, ‘we must never say anything about the person who is being so generous to me.’‘Don't worry, trust me, my dear friend Have some wine, have some chicken!Oh chicken, you didn't think when you were running around on the farm that you would be lucky enough to be served to one who-May I?May I?’ and he jumped up to shake my hand again.As we drank our wine, Pumblechook reminded me of the happy times he and I had spent together during my childhood.I did not remember it quite like that, but I began to feel he was a good-hearted, sincere man.He wanted to ask my advice on a business matter.He said he was hoping to find a young gentleman who would put money into his business, and seemed very interested in my opinion.‘And may I?May I?’He shook hands with me again.‘You know, I always used to say, “That boy will make his fortune.He's no ordinary boy.”’He had certainly kept his opinion very secret, I thought.There was one person I really wanted to visit before going to London.Dressed in my new clothes I went to Miss Havisham's house, where her cousin opened the gate to me again.‘Well, Pip?’said Miss Havisham to me when she saw me.‘I'm going to London tomorrow, Miss Havisham, ’I said, choosing my words carefully, ‘and I wanted to say goodbye.I've been so lucky since I saw you last, and I'm so grateful for it!’‘Good, good!’ she replied, looking delightedly at her cousin who was staring at m y new clothes.‘I know about it.I've seen Mr Jaggers.So, a rich person has adopted you?’‘Yes, Miss Havisham.’She smiled cruelly at her cousin, who was looking rather ill.‘Remember to do what Mr Jaggers tells you.And you will always keep the name of Pip, won't you?Goodbye, Pip.’She gave me her hand and I kissed it.It seemed the natural thing to do.And so I left the old lady in her bride's dress in the candle-light, with the dusty furniture around her.On Saturday morning I was in such a hurry that I only said a quick goodbye to my family, before setting out to walk the few miles into town for the London coach.As I left the peaceful sleeping village, the mist over the marshes was rising, to show me the great unknown world I was entering.Suddenly I realized what I was leaving behind-my childhood, my home, and Joe.Then I wished I had asked him to walk with me to the coach, and I could not stop crying.Whenever the horses were changed on the journey, I wondered with an aching heart whether to get down and go back to say goodbye properly.But the mist had completely risen now, and my new world lay ahead of me.At that time everybody in England agreed that London was a wonderful city.So I was surprised to find it rather ugly, with narrow dirty streets, and people crowded into tiny houses.I was frightened by its huge size.At Smithfield, the meat market, I was shocked by the dirt andblood everywhere Then I came to Newgate Prison, where a drunk old man showed me the place where prisoners were hanged, and told me excitedly that four men would die there tomorrow.I was disgusted by this news.My first impression of London could not have been worse.However I managed to find Mr Jaggers’office, noticing that other people were waiting for the great man too.After some time he appeared, walking towards me.His clients all rushed at him together.He spoke to some, and pushed others away.One man held on to the lawyer's sleeve.‘Please, Mr Jaggers,’he begged, ‘my brother is accused of stealing silver.Only you can save him!I'm ready to pay anything!’‘Your brother?’repeated the lawyer.‘And the trial is tomorrow?Well, I'm sorry for you, and him.I'm on the other side.’‘No, Mr Jaggers!’ cried the man desperately, tears in his eyes.‘Don't say you're against him!I'll pay anything!’‘Get out of my way, ’said Mr Jaggers and we left the man on his knees on the pavement.Now Mr Jaggers turned to me and told me that on Monday I would go to Matthew Pocket's house to start my studies, but until then I would stay with his son, Herbert, who lived nearby.Wemmick, Mr Jaggers’ clerk, showed me the way to Mr Pocket's rooms.He was a short, dry man, with a square, expressionless face, between forty and fifty years old.His mouth was so wide that it looked like a post-box, and gave the impression of smiling all the time.‘Is London a very wicked place?’I asked him, trying to make conversation as we walked.‘You may be robbed or murdered in London.But that may happen to you anywhere, if there is any profit in it for the criminal.’I was not sure whether I looked forward to living in London, where people like Wemmick accepted crime so calmly.We arrived at Herbert Pocket's rented rooms.The building was the dirtiest I had ever seen, with broken windows and dusty doors.It stood in a little square with dying trees around it.I looked in horror at Mr Wemmick.‘Ah!’ he said, not understanding my look.‘Its quiet position makes you think of the country.I quite agree.Goodbye, Mr Pip.’I went up the stairs, where there was a note on Mr Pocket's door, saying ‘Returning soon.’His idea of ‘soon’was not the same as mine.About half an hour later I heard footsteps rushing upstairs, and a young man of my age appeared breath-less at the door.‘Mr Pip?’he said.‘I'm so sorry I'm late!’I greeted him in a confused manner, unable to believe my eyes Suddenly he looked closely at me and gasped.‘But you're the boy at Miss Havisham's!’‘And you, ’ I said, ‘are the pale young gentleman!’We both started laughing, and shook hands.‘Well!’ he said, ‘I hope you'll forgive me for having knocked you down that day.’In fact I。

英语专业论文 小说《远大前程》的体裁分析

英语专业论文 小说《远大前程》的体裁分析

中国网络大学CHINESE NETWORK UNIVERSITY本科毕业设计(论文)小说《远大前程》的体裁分析院系名称:专业:学生姓名:学号:*********指导老师:中国网络大学教务处制2018年03月01日摘要关于个人成长和教育的传统文学体裁被称为成长小说,该小说体裁起源于18世纪德国,并流行于欧美各国。

许多文学大师创作了许多不朽之作。

其中英国十九世纪著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》就是一部成长小说的经典之作。

关于狄更斯的小说《远大前程》的研究可谓汗牛充栋,也不乏有从成长小说角度进行研究的文献,但其中缺少从小说主要元素的角度进行系统研究的文章。

本文将依据文学原理中的小说三大主要元素,即主题、人物和情节对《远大前程》进行详细分析,论证作品符合成长小说的定义及其特点,是典型的成长小说。

本论文由四部分组成,第一部分是引言,主要介绍作者查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品《远大前程》;第二部分主要介绍成长小说理论、小说的三大要素:主题、人物和情节;第三部分从小说的主题、人物和情节等三要素分析《远大前程》中的主题类型、人物设定和情节模式,阐述小说的成长小说属性,论证《远大前程》是一部典型的成长小说。

第四部分是结论,总结论文探讨的主旨。

关键词:《远大前程》;成长小说;体裁分析;文学元素AbstractThe initiation story(also known as Bildungsroman)is a novel of personal development or of education. It originated from Germany in the latter half of the 18th century and has since become one of the major narrative genres in European and Anglo-American literature. Some classics of this type published across the global, one of them is Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. Dickens’ novel Great Expectations presents the growth and development of Pip, the protagonist of the novel.Many researches on Great Expectations as an initiation story have been done. But no researches have included all the three main elements of theme, character and plot in the novel. With the three elements from the Elements of Literature by Zhang Jian, this paper is to have a genre analysis of Dickens’ Great Expectations from three aspects---the initiation theme, the character design and the plot pattern, thus proving that Great Expectations is a typical Initiation story.This paper consists of four parts. The first part is about an introduction to Charles Dickens and his novel Great Expectations, researches done and the research needed to be done. The second part is an introduction to the initiation story, its definition, its origin, its development and its characteristics. The third part is an analysis of Great Expectations as a typical initiation story which involves the initiation theme, the character design, and the plot pattern. The last part concludes with a reiteration of the main points discussed in this paper.Key Words: Great Expectations; Initiation story; genre analysis; literary elementsContents摘要 (II)Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ I II 1. Introduction . (1)1.1 Charles Dickens and His Works (1)1.2 Introduction of Great Expectations (1)1.3 The Current Research of Great Expectations and the Significance of this Paper (2)2. The Initiation Story---a Specific Literature Genre (3)2.1 Its Definition (3)2.2 Its Origin and Development (3)2.3 The Characteristics of the Initiation Story (4)3. The Analysis of Great Expectations as a Typical Initiation Story (5)3.1 The Initiation Theme in Great Expectations (5)3.1.1 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Life Changes (5)3.1.2 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Characteristic Changes (7)3.2 The Character Design (8)3.2.1 The Main Character Design (9)3.2.2 The Minor Character Design (10)3.3 The Plot Pattern (11)3.3.1 The Similarity of Plots in Pip’s Boyhood (11)3.3.2 The Turning Point of the Initiation (11)3.3.3 The Maturation and Self-discovery of the Protagonists (12)4. Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)Acknowledgments.......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

《远大前程》讲解

《远大前程》讲解

《远大前程》讲解《远大前程》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯创作的一部长篇小说,于1850年首次出版。

小说以英国工业革命为背景,描绘了贫寒孤独的少年菲利普·匹尼特的成长历程,以及他在社会阶层、爱情和道德等方面所面临的挑战。

本文将通过对《远大前程》的讲解,帮助读者更好地理解这部经典作品。

一、背景与主题《远大前程》发生在19世纪的英国,这个时期正值工业革命的高潮期。

小说通过描写贫寒少年菲利普·匹尼特的奋斗与成长,探讨了社会阶层的固化、金钱与道德的冲突等主题。

作者通过丰富多彩的人物形象和细腻的情节,展现了人性的复杂性和社会的不公,呼吁读者思考社会问题并追求更好的未来。

二、主要人物1. 菲利普·匹尼特(Philip Pirrip / Pip):本书的主人公,一个孤独贫困的孩子。

在得到一位匿名赞助人的资助后,他进入上流社会,并经历了身份认同的挣扎和道德觉醒的历程。

2. 艾斯特拉·哈维什姆(Estella Havisham):主要女性角色之一,被接受为贵族养女,在她的美貌和高傲中隐藏着伤痛。

她对菲利普产生了复杂的情感。

3. 麦格维斯(Abel Magwitch):一个逃亡的犯人,成为菲利普的匿名赞助人。

他的出现颠覆了菲利普的命运,并揭示了社会地位和财富的虚幻性。

4. 米斯·哈维什姆(Miss Havisham):艾斯特拉的养母,生活在被时间凝固的婚礼场景中。

她的存在象征着时间的停滞和对爱的渴望。

三、情节梗概《远大前程》的情节曲折丰富,以下是其中的一些重要情节:1. 菲利普成为匿名赞助人的受益者,离开农村生活进入伦敦,展开他的“远大前程”。

2. 菲利普爱上了艾斯特拉,并为了追求她而改变自己的形象和身份。

3. 菲利普发现匿名赞助人竟然是逃亡的犯人麦格维斯,他开始怀疑自己的价值和社会地位。

4. 艾斯特拉嫁给了一个虚伪的绅士,但她的婚姻并不幸福。

菲利普对她的感情仍旧停留在心底。

人教版 高中英语选修二 专题4 文学作品赏析填空

人教版 高中英语选修二 专题4 文学作品赏析填空

人教版高中英语选修二专题4 文学作品
赏析填空
以下是文学作品赏析填空的详细内容:
文学作品是人类思想感情的结晶,通过文学作品的赏析可以增进对文学的理解和欣赏。

本篇文学作品赏析填空主要涉及人教版高中英语选修二专题4的内容。

专题4主要围绕文学作品的赏析展开,旨在帮助学生理解文学作品背后的文化内涵,并培养学生的阅读理解和文学鉴赏能力。

文学作品赏析填空一共包含了800字以上的内容。

文学作品赏析填空的内容将围绕以下几个方面展开:
1. 文学作品的背景和历史背景:通过了解文学作品创作时所处的背景和历史环境,可以更好地理解作品的内涵和主题。

2. 文学作品的主题和情感:分析文学作品中所表达的主题和情感,帮助学生理解作者的思想和意图。

3. 文学作品的艺术手法和表现形式:探讨文学作品中使用的各种艺术手法和表现形式,如比喻、夸张、对比等,以及它们对作品的作用和效果。

4. 文学作品的价值和影响:探究文学作品对社会和个人的价值和影响,培养学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力和思考能力。

通过文学作品赏析填空,学生可以积极参与到文学作品的阅读和赏析中,提高自己的文学素养和综合能力。

同时,还可以培养学生的观察力、分析力和批判性思维能力,帮助他们更好地理解和欣赏文学作品。

文学作品赏析填空是人教版高中英语选修二专题4的重要内容之一,希望同学们能够认真对待,从中获得收获和享受。

以上是对人教版高中英语选修二专题4文学作品赏析填空的简要介绍。

希望对你有所帮助!如需更多内容,请继续探索该专题的相关材料。

远大前程读后感远大前程读后感英文版

远大前程读后感远大前程读后感英文版

远大前程读后感远大前程读后感英文版《远大前程》是狄更斯晚期的作品,我感觉也是他最成熟的一部作品。

这个书名知道我读完才知道是有讽刺意味的,它讲述了一个孤儿,匹普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事,他最终没有当成上等人,当然也就没有了所谓的远大前程。

本书以极其精彩的故事情节紧扣读者的心弦,生动地描写了一个饱受苦难并同命运不断抗争的孤儿匹普的心理历程,最后他终于悟出人生道理,成为一名普通人,并与初恋情人握手重逢,获得了圆满的结局。

然而,匹普遭遇的宿命就是遇上了一位女皇般的姑娘,这位姑娘将透彻影响他的一生。

他开始瞧不起自己,开始为自己的家庭环境及出身感到自卑,“而我一想到这座宅邸,心中就没有一丝阳光!同时对自己的行为也更为厌恶,也更瞧不起自己的家庭。

”这是一段很好的情景交融的写法,在这样一所恐怖的房间里,匹普彻底瞧不起自己里哦阿。

是中了魔吗在第十七章中,说敌人进攻鬼不灵,并压了一批囚犯,这囚犯里面,刚好有老钟叔,小嘎子河区队长一看,都很恼火,这时,区队长想到,可以把敌人引到西部,那里火力强大,可以乘机救出他,可那里有个柜子的据点,小嘎子一想,我去吧,就经过区队长的同意去了。

这是狄更斯的《远大前程》(也叫做《孤星血泪》),匹普。

早晨还跟妈妈说,这样的好书,永远也看不厌,每次看,都有新的收获,真是好东西啊。

前阵子又重看了电影版的《悲惨世界》,下面也许还偷空重看《我们共同的朋友》。

这部片子太早了,反正是我很小很小的时候看的。

还有《巴黎的秘密》,这个是很好的片子,操刀鬼就是从这里而来。

我第一次去灌云的时候,虽然老提醒着自己不要太沉湎于这些东西,做出点正经样子,但怎么也忍不住不去瞄电视里的情节。

当时看得支离破碎的,现在重新收拾了来好好重看一遍吧。

写到这儿老妈同志叫我吃饭,是早上剩的酒酿稀饭,红烧鲫鱼,清炒四季豆。

吃鱼的时候,妈妈在看一个电视剧,有不是很坏的坏人,我问妈妈,如果这世界上没有坏人了,是不是很无聊妈妈说,大部分人是,你会是么也是,我什么时候都不会无聊,永远有忙不完的事要去做。

高三英语经典文学作品赏析单选题50题

高三英语经典文学作品赏析单选题50题

高三英语经典文学作品赏析单选题50题1. In "Pride and Prejudice", Mr. Darcy's first proposal to Elizabeth is rejected mainly because _.A. Elizabeth hates Mr. Darcy's prideB. Elizabeth is in love with someone elseC. Mr. Darcy is not rich enoughD. Elizabeth misunderstands Mr. Darcy's character答案:A。

在《傲慢与偏见》中,伊丽莎白拒绝达西先生的第一次求婚主要是因为达西先生表现出的傲慢让她非常反感。

B选项伊丽莎白当时并没有爱上别人;C选项达西先生很富有;D选项当时伊丽莎白是清楚地看到达西先生的傲慢,而不是误解他的性格。

2. In "Jane Eyre", when Jane leaves Thornfield Hall suddenly, it is because _.A. she discovers Mr. Rochester is already marriedB. she doesn't love Mr. Rochester anymoreC. she gets a better job offer elsewhereD. she is frightened by the strange noises in the house答案:A。

在《简·爱》中,简突然离开桑菲尔德庄园是因为她发现罗切斯特先生已经结婚了。

B选项简依然深爱着罗切斯特先生;C 选项没有得到更好的工作邀请;D选项虽然房子里有奇怪声音,但这不是她离开的主要原因。

3. In "Great Expectations", Pip's "great expectations" initially comefrom _.A. his own hard workB. an anonymous benefactorC. his sister's savingsD. his good luck答案:B。

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英语名著名篇阅读Great Expectations【作品简介】故事发生在十九世纪的英国。

孤儿皮普父母双亡, 和姐姐、姐夫生活在一起。

圣诞节前, 皮普到墓地去悼念父母, 遇到了逃犯马格威奇。

皮普为他拿来了食物充饥, 令马格威奇非常感动, 但最后他还是被警察带走了。

圣诞过后, 皮普被邀请到村里最富有的哈维沙姆小姐家做客, 遇到了哈维汉姆小姐收养的女孩埃斯特拉, 从此便一发不可收拾地爱上了她。

但埃斯特拉是个傲慢又刻薄的女孩, 根本不把皮普放在眼里。

这令皮普很伤心, 他暗自下决心要成为一名绅士好让埃斯特拉不再歧视自己。

机会终于在几年后来了, 一位不愿透露姓名的人愿意资助皮普到伦敦去过上流社会的生活。

皮普满心欢喜地来到伦敦, 学习如何成为一名真正的绅士。

然而命运并不如皮普所希望的那样:已长得亭亭玉立的少女埃斯特拉从国外学习归来后, 穿梭于许多男人之间, 并选择了其中一个恶棍成为她的丈夫;多年来资助皮普的人终于出现了, 竟然是多年前被皮普搭救过的逃犯马格威奇, 最终他被警察抓住, 死在了监狱, 赠给皮普的遗产也被充公。

皮普的“远大前程”化为泡影。

Pip meets a strangerMy first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip.So Pip was what everybody called me.I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me, and married to Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith.My parents had died when I was a baby, so I could not remember them at all, but quite often I used to visit the churchyard, about a mile from the village, to look at their names on their gravestones.My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold, grey, December afternoon, looking out at the dark, flat, wild marshes divided by the black line of the River Thames, and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.Don't say a word!’cried a terrible voice, as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me.‘If you shout I'll cut your throat!’He was a big man, dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg.His clothes were wet and torn.He looked exhausted, and hungry, and very fierce.I had never been so frightened in my whole life.‘Tell me your name, boy!Quick!’he said, still holding me.‘And show me where you live!’‘My name's Pip, sir.And I live in the village over there.’He picked me up and turned me upsidedown.Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread.He ate it in two bites, like a dog, and put me back on the gravestone.‘So where are your father and mother?’he asked.‘There, sir, ’I answered, pointing to their graves.‘What!’he cried, and was about to run, when he saw where I was pointing.‘Oh!’he said.‘ I see.They're dead.Well, who do you live with, if I let you live, which I haven't decided yet?’‘With my sister, sir, wife of Joe Gargery, the blacksmith.’Blacksmith, you say?And he looked down at his leg.Then he held me by both arms andstared fiercely down into my eyes.‘Now look here.You bring me a file.You know what that is?And you bring me some food.If you don't, or if you tell anyone about me, I'll cut your heart out.’‘I promise I'll do it, sir, ’I answered.I was badly frightened and my whole body was trembling.‘You see, ’he continued, smiling unpleasantly, ‘I travel with a young man, a friend of mine, who roasts boys’ hearts and eats them.He'll find you, wherever you are, and he'll have your heart.So bring the file and the food to that wooden shelter over there, early tomorrow morning, if you want to keep your heart, that is Remember, you promised!’I watched him turn and walk with difficulty across the marshes, the chain hanging clumsily around his leg.Then I ran home as fast as I could.My sister, Mrs Joe Gargery, was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up‘by hand’.Nobody explained to me what this meant, and because she had a hard and heavy hand, which she used freely on her husband as well as me, I supposed that Joe and I were both brought up by hand.She was not a beautiful woman, being tall and thin, with black hair and eyes and a very red face.She clearly felt that Joe and I caused her a lot of trouble, and she frequently complained about it.Joe, on the other hand, was a gentle, kind man with fair hair and weak blue eyes, who quietly accepted her scolding.Because Joe and I were in the same position of being scolded by Mrs Joe, we were good friends, and Joe protected me from her anger whenever he could.So when I ran breathless into the kitchen, he gave me a friendly warning.‘She's out looking for you, Pip!And she's got the stick with her!’This stick had been used so often for beating me that it was now quite smooth.Just then Mrs Joe rushed in.‘Where have you been, you young monkey?’she shouted.I jumped behind Joe to avoid being hit with the stick.‘Only to the churchyard, ’I whispered, starting to cry.‘Churchyard!If I hadn't brought you up, you'd be in the churchyard with our parents.You'll send me to the church-yard one day!Now let me get your supper ready, both of you!’For the rest of the evening, I thought of nothing but the stranger on the marshes.Sometimes, as the wind blew round the house, I imagined I heard his voice outside, and I thought with horror of the young man who ate boys’hearts.Just before I went to bed, we heard the sound of a big gun on the marshes.‘Was that a gun, Joe?’I asked.‘Ah!’said Joe.‘Another convict's escaped.One got away last night.They always fire the gun when one escapes.’‘Who fires the gun?’I asked.Joe shook his head to warn me.‘Too many questi ons, ’frowned my sister.‘If you must know it's the men in the prison-ships who fire the gun.’‘I wonder who is put into prison-ships, and why?’I asked, in a general way, quietly desperate to know the answer.This was too much for Mrs Joe.‘Listen, my boy, I didn't bring you up by hand to annoy people to death!There are ships on the river which are used as prisons.People who steal and murder are put in the prison-ships, and they stay there for years sometimes.And they always begin their life of crime by asking too many questions!Now, go to bed!’I could not sleep at all that night.I was in terror of the man with the iron chain, I was in terror of my sister, who would soon discover I had stolen her food.As soon as there was a little light in the sky outside my window, I got up and went quietly down to the kitchen.I stole some bread, cheese and a big meat pie, hoping that, as there was a lot of food ready for Christmas, nobody would notice what was missing.I did not dare take the whole brandy bottle, so I poured some into a smaller bottle to take away with me.Then I filled up the brandy bottle with what I thought was water from a big brown bottle.I took a file from Joe's box of tools, and ran out on to the dark marshes.The mist was so thick that I could not see anything.Al-though I knew my way to the shelter very well, I almost got lost this time.I was near it when I saw a man sitting on the ground, half asleep.I went up and touched his shoulder.He jumped up, and it was the wrong man!He was dressed in grey, too, and had an iron chain on his leg.He ran away into the mist.‘It's the young man!’I thought, feeling a pain in my heart.When I arrived at the shelter, I found the right man.He looked so cold and hungry that I felt sorry for him.Trembling violently he swallowed the brandy and ate the food like a hunted animal, looking around him all the time for danger.‘You're sure you didn't tell anyone?Or bring anyone?’‘No, sir.I'm glad you're enjoying the food, sir.’‘Thank you, my boy.You've been good to a poor man.’‘But I'm afraid there won't be any left for him.’‘Him?Who's that?’My friend stopped in the middle of eating.‘The young man who travels with you.’‘Oh, him!’he replied, smiling.‘He doesn't want any food.’‘I thought he looked rather hungry, ’I answered.He stared at me in great surprise.‘Looked?When?’‘Just now, over there.I found him half asleep and I thought it was you.He was dressed like you, and I was anxious to express this politely‘-he had the same reason for wanting to borrow a file.’‘Then I did hea r them fire the gun last night!You know, boy, when you're on the marsh alone at night, you imagine all kinds of things, voices calling, guns firing, soldiers marching!But show me where this man went.I'll find him and I'll finish with him!I'll smash his face!Give me the file first.’I was afraid of him now that he was angry again.‘I'm sorry, I must go home now, ’I said.He did not seem to hear, so I left him bending over his leg and filing away at his iron chain like a madman.Halfway home I stopped in the mist to listen, and I could still hear the sound of the file.Catching a convictAll that morning I was frightened that my sister would discover that I had stolen from her, but luckily she was so busy cleaning the house, and roasting the chickens for our Christmas lunch that she did not notice that I had been out, or that any food was missing.At half-past one our two guests arrived.Mr Wopsle had a large nose and a shining, bald forehead, and was the church clerk.Mr Pumblechook, who had a shop in the nearest town, was a fat, middle-aged man with a mouth like a fish, and staring eyes.He was really Joe's uncle but it was Mrs Joe who called him uncle.Every Christmas Day he arrived with two bottles of wine, handing them proudly to my sister.‘Oh Uncle Pumblechoo k!This is kind!’she always replied.‘It's no more than you deserve, ’was the answer every time.Sitting at table with these guests I would have felt uncomfortable even if I hadn't robbed my sister.Not only was Pumblechook's elbow in my eye, but I wasn't allowed to speak, and they gave me the worst pieces of meat.Even the chickens must have been ashamed of those parts of their bodies when they were alive.And worse than that, the adults never left me in peace.‘Before we eat, let us thank God for the food in front of us, ’said Mr Wopsle, in the deep voice he used in church.‘Do you hear that?’whispered my sister to me.‘Be grateful!’‘Especially, ’said Mr Pumblechook firmly, ‘be grateful, boy, to those who brought you up by hand.’‘Why are the young never grateful?’wondered Mr Wopsle sadly.‘Their characters are naturally bad, ’answered Mr Pumblechook, and all three looked unpleasantly at me.When there were guests, Joe's position was even lower than usual(if that was possible), but he always tried to help me if he could.Sometimes he comforted me by giving me extra gravy.He did that now.‘Just imagine, boy, ’said Mr Pumblechook, ‘if your sister hadn't brought you up’‘You listen to this, ’said my sister to me crossly.‘If, as I say, she hadn't spent her life looking after you, where would you be now?’Joe offered me more gravy.‘He was a lot of trouble to you, madam, ’Mr Wopsle said sympathetically to my sister.‘Trouble?’she cried.‘Trouble?’And then she started on a list of all my illnesses, accidents and crimes, while everybody except Joe looked at me with disgust.Joe added more gravy to the meat swimming on my plate, and I wanted to pull Mr Wopsle's nose.In the end, Mrs Joe stopped for breath, and said to Mr Pumblechook, ‘Have a little brandy;uncle.There is a bottle al-ready open.’It had happened at last!Now she would discover I had stolen some brandy, and put water in the bottle.Mr Pumblechook held his glass up to the light, smiled importantly at it and drank it.When, immediately afterwards, he jumped up and began to rush round the room in a strange wild dance, we all stared at him in great surprise.Was he mad?I wondered if I had murderedhim, but if so, how?At last he threw himself gasping into a chair, crying ‘Medicine!’Then I understood.Instead of filling up the brandy bottle with water, I had put Mrs Joe's strongest and most unpleasant medicine in by mistake.That was what the big brown bottle contained.‘But how could my medicine get into a brandy bottle?’asked my sister.Fortunately she had no time to find the answer, as Mr Pumblechook was calling for a hot rum to remove the taste of the medicine.‘And now,’she said, when the fat man was calmer, ‘you must all try Uncle Pumblechook's pre-sent to us!A really delicious meat pie!’‘That's right, Mrs Joe!’said Mr Pumblechook, looking more cheerful now.‘ Bring in the pie!’‘You shall have some, Pip, ’said Joe kindly.I knew what would happen next.I could not sit there any longer.I jumped down from the table, and ran out of the room.But at the front door I ran straight into a group of soldiers.Mrs Joe was saying as she came out of the kitchen, ‘The pie-has-gone!’but stopped when she saw the soldiers.‘Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen, ’said the officer in charge.‘I'm here in the King's name, and I want the black-smith.’‘And why do you want him?’said my sister crossly.‘Madam, ’replied the officer Politely, ‘speaking for myself, I'd like the pleasure of meeting his fine wife.Speaking for the King, I'd like him to repair these handcuffs.’‘Ah, very good, very good!’ said Mr Pumblechook, clap-ping.The soldiers waited in the kitchen while Joe lit the forge fire and started work.I began to feel better now that everyone had forgotten the missing pie.‘How far are we from the marshes?’asked the officer.‘About a mi le, ’replied Mrs Joe.‘ That's good.We'll catch them before it's dark.’‘ Convicts, officer?’asked Mr Wopsle.‘Yes, two escaped convicts out on the marshes.Has anyone here seen them?’The others all shook their heads.Nobody asked me.When the handcuffs were ready, Joe suggested we should go with the soldiers, and as Mrs Joe was curious to know what happened, she agreed.So Joe, Mr wopsle and I walked behind the men through the village and out on to the marshes.‘ I hope we don't find those poor men, Joe, ’I w hispered.‘ I hope not either, Pip, ’he whispered back.It was cold, with an east wind blowing from the sea, and it was getting dark.Suddenly we all stopped.We heard shouts in the distance.‘This way!Run!’the officer ordered, and we all rushed in that direction.The shouts became clearer.‘ Murder!’‘Escaped convict!’‘Help!’At last we discovered two men fighting each other.One was my convict, and the other was the man who had run away when I had seen him near the shelter.Somehow the soldiers held the men apart and put the hand-cuffs on them.‘Here he is, I'm holding him for you!’shouted my convict.‘Officer, he tried to murder me!’cried the other man.His face was bleeding and he was clearly very frightened.‘ Murder him!No, ’said the first, ‘ that would be too easy.I want him to suffer more, back on the prisonship.He's lying, as he did at our trial!You can't trust Compeyson!’Just then he noticed me for the first time.I shook my head at him, to show that I had not wanted the soldiers to find him.He stared at me, but I did not know if he understood or not.The prisoners were taken to the riverside, where a boat was waiting to take them on to the prison-ship.Just as he was about to leave, my convict said, ‘Officer, after my escape, I stole some food, from the blacksmith's house.Bread, cheese, brandy and a meat pie.I'm sorry I ate your pie, blacksmith.’‘I'm glad you did, ’replied Joe kindly.‘ We don't know why you're a convict, but we wouldn't want you to die of hunger.’The man rubbed his eyes with the back of his dirty hand.We watched the small boat carry him out to the middle of the river, where the great black prison-ship stood high out of the water, held by its rusty chains.He disappeared into the ship, and I thought that was the last I had seen of him.Reading tasksI. Comprehending1. Why was Pip frightened all that morning?2. What is the relationship between Pip and Joe Gargery?3. Why did Pip feel uncomfortable sitting at table with those guests?4. If you were Pip’s sister, would you think Bringing up Pip was a lot of trouble to you?5. What is the relationship between Mr Pumblechook and Mr Joe?6. Why was there an iron chain on the man’s leg in the churchyard?7. Why did the man ask Pip to bring a file to him?8. What did Pip’s sister mean when she said ‘I brought you up by hand’?II. How many parts can you divide the chapter into? Write one sentence to sum up each part. III. What kind of person is Joe Gargery? How do you know?IV.Make a summary of this chapter using your own words. (No more than 200words)V. If you were Pip, would you help the man with an iron chain on his leg?VI. Underline the words,expressions and sentences which you think are well used. And then copy them into your notebook.Great expectationsOne Saturday evening, when I had been apprenticed to Joe for four years, he and I were sitting in the pub, with some of the villagers, listening to Mr Wopsle.He was giving a dramatic reading of a newspaper report of a murder trial, and we all enjoyed watching him act the main characters. His witnesses were old and feeble, his lawyers were clever and sharp-eyed, and his accused was a violent, wicked murderer.Suddenly we became aware of a strange gentleman who had also been listening, and wasnow looking coldly at us.‘Well!’he said to us, biting the side of his finger.‘So you've decided the accused was the murderer, have you?'‘Sir, 'answered Mr Wopsle firmly, ‘yes, I do think he is guilty.’We all nodded our heads in agreement.‘But, ’said the stranger, ‘do you or do you not know that the l aw of England supposes every man to be innocent until he is proved-proved-to be guilty?’‘Sir, ’began Mr Wopsle, ‘as an Englishman myself, I-’‘Come!’said the stranger, ‘don't avoid the question.Either you know it, or you don't know it.Which is it?’‘Of co urse I know it, ’answered poor Mr Wopsle.‘Then why didn't you say so at first?Another question. Do you know that this trial isn't finished yet?’Mr Wopsle hesitated, and we all began to have a rather bad opinion of him.‘And you were going to say that the accused was guilty, before the end of the trial, before he has been proved guilty!’We realized that the unfortunate Wopsle had no understanding of the law, or indeed anything at all.Now the stranger stood in front of our little group.‘I'm looking for th e blacksmith, Joe Gargery, ’he said, ‘and his apprentice, Pip.’He did not recognize me but I knew he was the gentleman I had met on the stairs when visiting Miss Havisham. There was even the same smell of perfumed soap on his large hands.‘I want to speak to you two in private, ’he said, and so Joe and I left the pub and walked home with him.‘My name is Jaggers, and I'm a lawyer, ’he said, when he reached the forge.‘Joe Gargery, I am sent by someone who suggests cancelling this boy's apprenticeship to you.Would you want any money, if you lost your apprentice?'‘I'd never stand in Pip's way, never, 'said Joe, staring.‘The answer is no.’‘Don't try to change that answer later, ’said Mr Jaggers. ‘Now, what I have to say, and remember, I'm only an agent, I don't speak for myself, is that this young man has great expectations.’Joe and I gasped, and looked at each other.‘I have been told to say that he will be very rich when he is older. In addition, the person who sent me wants the young man to be removed from his home and educated as a gentleman who expects to inherit a fortune.'My dream had come true. Miss Havisham was making me rich!‘Now, Mr Pip, ’continued the lawyer, ‘there are two conditions.The first is that you always use the name of Pip.The second is that the name of the person who has been so generous to you must remain a secret, until that person chooses to tell you.You are forbidden to ask any questions or try to discover who the person is.Do you accept these conditions?My heart was beating fast as I whispered, ‘Yes '.‘Now, to details.I have been given enough money for you to live the life of a gentleman inLondon while you are studying .You will come to me to ask for whatever you need .I suggest Mr Matthew Pocket as a teacher.’I remembered that was the name of one of Miss Havisham 's relations, the one who did not visit her often.‘ You must buy some new clothes.Shall I leave you twenty pounds?’He counted twenty coins out of his large purse onto the table.‘And when can you come to London?Next Saturday?’I agreed, feeling very confused.He looked at Joe, who seemed even more confused.‘Well, Joe Gargery?Perhaps, I only say perhaps, I promise nothing, ’he said, throwing his purse carelessly from one hand to another, ‘perhaps I have been told to give you a present when you lose your apprentice.'Joe put his great strong hand on my shoulder in the gentlest possible way. ‘Pip can go freely to fortune and happiness, he knows that.But if you think that money can ever pay me back for losing the little child-who came to the forge-and always the best of friends!’He could not continue.Dear good Joe!I was so ready to leave you, and so ungrateful to you!I can see you now, with your strong blacksmith's arm in front of your eyes, and your shoulders shaking, and tears on your cheeks. But at the time I was so excited by my good luck that I forgot what I owed to Joe. Mr Jaggers clearly thought Joe was a fool for refusing money, and left the house, reminding me to go straight to his office in London in a week's time.Joe told Biddy what had happened, and both congratulated me. They were very quiet and sad at first, because I would be leaving them, but I promised I would never forget them and would often return to visit them. Biddy tried to explain the good news to my sister, but the poor woman could not under-stand.As Joe and Biddy became a little more cheerful, discussing my possible plans for the future, I became more miserable. Now that I could be a gentleman, as I had always wished, I was not sure if I wanted to leave my home, which was full of happy memories.That week passed slowly. I took a last walk through the churchyard to the marshes.At least I need never think about my convict again. No doubt he was dead by now.It was strange that the news of my expectations had not made me happier.When I went into town to order my new clothes, Mr Pumblechook was waiting for me at the door of his shop.‘My dear friend, if you will allow me to call you that, ’ he cried, shaking both my hands, ‘let me congratulate you on your fortune!Nobody deserves it more than you!’He seemed so much more sensible than before that I agreed to have lunch with him.‘When I think, ’ he said happily, ‘that I, Pumblechook, was able to help in my small way, by taking you to play at Miss-’‘Remember, ’I stopped him, ‘we must never say anything about the person who is being so generous to me.’‘Don't worry, trust me, my dear friend Have some wine, have some chicken!Oh chicken, you didn't think when you were running around on the farm that you would be lucky enough to be served to one who-May I?May I?’ and he jumped up to shake my hand again.As we drank our wine, Pumblechook reminded me of the happy times he and I had spent together during my childhood.I did not remember it quite like that, but I began to feel he was a good-hearted, sincere man.He wanted to ask my advice on a business matter.He said he was hoping to find a young gentleman who would put money into his business, and seemed very interested in my opinion.‘And may I?May I?’He shook hands with me again.‘You know, I always used to say, “That boy will make his fortune.He's no ordinary boy.”’He had certainly kept his opinion very secret, I thought.There was one person I really wanted to visit before going to London.Dressed in my new clothes I went to Miss Havisham's house, where her cousin opened the gate to me again.‘Well, Pip?’said Miss Havisham to me when she saw me.‘I'm going to London tomorrow, Miss Havisham, ’I said, choosing my words carefully, ‘and I wanted to say goodbye.I've been so lucky since I saw you last, and I'm so grateful for it!’‘Good, good!’ she replied, looking delightedly at her cousin who was staring at my new clothes.‘I know about it.I've seen Mr Jaggers.So, a rich person has adopted you?’‘Yes, Miss Havisham.’She smiled cruelly at her cousin, who was looking rather ill.‘Remember to do what Mr Jaggers tells you.And you will always keep the name of Pip, won't you?Goodbye, Pip.’She gave me her hand and I kissed it.It seemed the natural thing to do.And so I left the old lady in her bride's dress in the candle-light, with the dusty furniture around her.On Saturday morning I was in such a hurry that I only said a quick goodbye to my family, before setting out to walk the few miles into town for the London coach.As I left the peaceful sleeping village, the mist over the marshes was rising, to show me the great unknown world I was entering.Suddenly I realized what I was leaving behind-my childhood, my home, and Joe.Then I wished I had asked him to walk with me to the coach, and I could not stop crying.Whenever the horses were changed on the journey, I wondered with an aching heart whether to get down and go back to say goodbye properly.But the mist had completely risen now, and my new world lay ahead of me.At that time everybody in England agreed that London was a wonderful city.So I was surprised to find it rather ugly, with narrow dirty streets, and people crowded into tiny houses.I was frightened by its huge size.At Smithfield, the meat market, I was shocked by the dirt and blood everywhere Then I came to Newgate Prison, where a drunk old man showed me the place where prisoners were hanged, and told me excitedly that four men would die there tomorrow.I was disgusted by this news.My first impression of London could not have been worse.However I managed to find Mr Jaggers’office, noticing that other people were waiting for the great man too.After some time he appeared, walking towards me.His clients all rushed at him together.He spoke to some, and pushed others away.One man held on to the lawyer's sleeve.‘Please, Mr Jaggers,’he begged, ‘my brother is accused of stealing silver.Only you can save him!I'm ready to pay anything!’‘Your brother?’repeated the lawyer.‘And the trial is tomorrow?Well, I'm sorry for you, and him.I'm on the other side.’‘No, Mr Jaggers!’ cried the man desperately, tears in his eyes.‘Don't say you're against him!I'll pay anything!’‘Get out of my way, ’said Mr Jaggers and we left the man on his knees on the pavement.Now Mr Jaggers turned to me and told me that on Monday I would go to Matthew Pocket's house to start my studies, but until then I would stay with his son, Herbert, who lived nearby.Wemmick, Mr Jag gers’ clerk, showed me the way to Mr Pocket's rooms.He was a short, dry man, with a square, expressionless face, between forty and fifty years old.His mouth was so wide that it looked like a post-box, and gave the impression of smiling all the time.‘Is L ondon a very wicked place?’I asked him, trying to make conversation as we walked.‘You may be robbed or murdered in London.But that may happen to you anywhere, if there is any profit in it for the criminal.’I was not sure whether I looked forward to living in London, where people like Wemmick accepted crime so calmly.We arrived at Herbert Pocket's rented rooms.The building was the dirtiest I had ever seen, with broken windows and dusty doors.It stood in a little square with dying trees around it.I looked in horror at Mr Wemmick.‘Ah!’ he said, not understanding my look.‘Its quiet position makes you think of the country.I quite agree.Goodbye, Mr Pip.’I went up the stairs, where there was a note on Mr Pocket's door, saying ‘Returning soon.’His idea of‘soon’was not the same as mine.About half an hour later I heard footsteps rushing upstairs, and a young man of my age appeared breath-less at the door.‘Mr Pip?’he said.‘I'm so sorry I'm late!’I greeted him in a confused manner, unable to believe my eyes Suddenly he looked closely at me and gasped.‘But you're the boy at Miss Havisham's!’‘And you, ’ I said, ‘are the pale young gentleman!’We both started laughing, and shook hands.‘Well!’ he said, ‘I hope you'll forgive me for having knocked you down tha t day.’In fact I had knocked him down.But I did not contradict him.‘Do you know why I was there?’ he asked.‘I had been invited to Miss Havisham's to see if she liked me.I suppose I didn't make a good impression on her.If she had liked me, I could be a rich man and engaged to Estella by now.’‘Were you disappointed?’I asked.‘Oh!I wouldn't want to marry Estella!She's a hard, proud girl, and Miss Havisham has brought her up to break men's hearts, as a revenge on all men.’‘Is she a relation of Miss Havisham's?’I asked.‘No, only adopted.Why were you at Miss Havisham's then?’‘To make my fortune, the same as you!But I was lucky.’。

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