英语语法

虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。

If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类虚拟语气的用法1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out！你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。

动词wish, suggest, order, insist, propose, advice,maintain, suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议)insist (坚持), consent (允诺) decide (决定), order (命令)request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)maintain (主张), urge (催促) “should+动词原形”等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。

I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。

I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

动词demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care ofthe patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。

在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。

A．与现在事实相反的：If I (we, you, he, they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he, she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。

He (you, they) would + 动词原形。

B．与过去事实相反的：If I(we, you ,he, they)+ had + 过去分词I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。

He (you, they) would + have + 过去分词。

If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。

If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。

If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

注意: 有关虚拟语气的几个问题***1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略if，而把从句中的动词were, had 或should 移到主语前面。

Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点，她就会干的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊！She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。

If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。

3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

1.I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)2.The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。

你再讲也没用哩！)4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week bythemselves. (ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)注意注意注意！！！虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的句型中：例句：The ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts of the captain.The rescue arrived in time, otherwise They would have been frozen to death.2. 用在It’s time 句型中：It’s time that 主语+动词过去式……It’s time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.3. 在句型…as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done……例句：He looked at me as if I were mad .“I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “ and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.”It looks as if it’s going to rain.4. 用在If only 句型中：表示：要是……该多好啊！（1）If only you hadn’t told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.（2）If only you would listen to reason.一般现在时1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday。

例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。

例如：Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。