转化医学(英文)

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转化医学与规范临床营养支持治疗

转化医学与规范临床营养支持治疗

一、转化医学与规范临床营养支持治疗河北医大二院贾汝梅2012.9.20二、转化医学(Translational medicine)是近年来在国内外研究领域兴起的一个新概念,备受关注的原因是因为巨额的基础医学研究领域的投入与少量的医疗产出和应用存在矛盾和脱节。

不利于生命科学的发展和进步。

三、转化医学第一次作为一个新名词正式出现是在1996年《Lancet 柳叶刀》杂志的一篇文章中提出的。

四、转化医学的内涵包括两个方面“bench to bedside”即从实验室到临床(从板凳到床边)1992年《Science科学杂志》是指将实验室的研究成果应用到临床,转化为医药产品或诊疗技术的过程。

五、bedside to bench 从临床到实验室。

是指通过临床观察分析,为基础研究提供思路,指导实验设计的过程。

通常所说的B2B六、两个B2B二者相辅相成,构成转化医学的双向循环,不把二者作为一个整体或者忽视任何一面都是对转化医学的片面理解。

转化医学体现的正是永无止境、并且不断循环的向上的研究过程。

七、转化医学的成功典范胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)、慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的分子靶向治疗伊马替尼(格列卫)的临床应用八、转化医学在临床医学成功例临床医学工程包括分子生物学、生物化学、生物物理学、生物技术、生物材料,是转化医学发展的重点人工心脏辅助装置的研究人工肝技术的进展计算机辅助定制型人工关节的设计与应用植入医学与替代医学的发展转化医学发展现状美国九、中国的转化医学转化医学战略研讨会2009,中国工院2010,中国科学院转化医学中心中南大学上海交通大学协和医院成果转化率:25%,商品化:<15%十、转化医学成果为医疗改革提供证据有营养风险和不足的患者,接受营养支持治疗的有可能改善临床结局的理念,已经被我国人力资源和社会保障部门所接受。

我国2009版医疗报销限制条件中,营养风险列入并成为肠外、肠内营养用药报销的依据之一。

转化医学8年制同学讲座-高国全

转化医学8年制同学讲座-高国全
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2010年名师讲坛-走进医学研究 2010年名师讲坛年名师讲坛
1.转化医学的概念
2010年名师讲坛-走进医学研究 2010年名师讲坛年名师讲坛
1.转化医学的概念
• 转化医学(Translational Medicine)
核心是要将医学生物学基础研究成果迅速有效的转 化为可在临床实际应用的理论、技术、方法和药物
2010年名师讲坛-走进医学研究 2010年名师讲坛年名师讲坛
1.转化医学的概念
• 转化医学的重要性
是医学研究和发展的必由之路,它应该成为现代和未 来医学研究的主要模式:从基础到临床是双向的、开放的;即实
验室研究的成果,迅速应用于临床实际;临床上出现的问题,又能及时反 馈到实验室,进行更深入的研究,它是一个不断循环向上的研究过程。
基础研究成果转化为临床应用

如何开展外科临床研究【PPT课件】

如何开展外科临床研究【PPT课件】

大力推广随机对照试验(RCT)
当前绝大部分的分子生物学研究使用的是小鼠、果蝇和线 虫,而且越来越多地被计算机模型和细胞培养所替代,其 与人体的真实情况有天壤之别。即使应用灵长类等高级动 物也不可能在实验室设计和重复出人的生命现象,因此, 不能将动物实验的结果直接推广到人。实验室的研究成果 是否能应用于人体,还有待于临床试验等大规模群体研究 来验证。临床试验是实现从试验台到病床的必经之路,总 体而言,所有医学研究的发现最终要通过临床试验才能证 实其应用价值,需要通过以人体为研究对象的循证医学研 究,才能制定出具有个体化特征、有临床意义和切实可行 的诊疗建议。应该要求,凡是有关确认治疗方案利弊的课 题,必须采用随机对照实验;诊断性研究课题则应根据诊 断的“金标准”采用盲法测试所有的病人。
“b to b”模式
主要包括两个过程: (1)将基础医学研究取得的成就应用于临床疾病的
诊断、治疗和预防中; (2)针对来自临床医师的观点和假设,设计基础研
究实验并加以检测和验证。 “b to b”模式具有双通道效应,强调的是实验台与
病床间的连接,一方面,基础科学家给临床医师 提供用于疾病医疗的新工具,将基础研究的成果 转化为能够为临床所使用的技术、方法;另一方 面,临床研究者对疾病的进程和特性进行观察, 提供反馈意见来促进基础研究。
科赫( Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch,1843 - 1910 ) 德国医师与细 菌学家。19世纪医学上重大的进 展之一就是细菌学的建立。1878年 科赫提出疾病外因论,通过研究 牛、羊疾病,从而论证了细菌与 疾病的关系,发现了霍乱弧菌、 结核杆菌及炭疽杆菌等,并改进 了培养细菌的方法和细菌染色方 法,还提出科赫三定律。科赫和 巴斯德奠立了细菌学和免疫学的

如何开展外科临床研究

如何开展外科临床研究
Leabharlann 力推广随机对照试验(RCT)
当前绝大部分的分子生物学研究使用的是小鼠、果蝇和线 虫,而且越来越多地被计算机模型和细胞培养所替代,其 与人体的真实情况有天壤之别。即使应用灵长类等高级动 物也不可能在实验室设计和重复出人的生命现象,因此, 不能将动物实验的结果直接推广到人。实验室的研究成果 是否能应用于人体,还有待于临床试验等大规模群体研究 来验证。临床试验是实现从试验台到病床的必经之路,总 体而言,所有医学研究的发现最终要通过临床试验才能证 实其应用价值,需要通过以人体为研究对象的循证医学研 究,才能制定出具有个体化特征、有临床意义和切实可行 的诊疗建议。应该要求,凡是有关确认治疗方案利弊的课 题,必须采用随机对照实验;诊断性研究课题则应根据诊 断的“金标准”采用盲法测试所有的病人。
四、努力提高我国外科临床医学 研究的水平
1.强化证据意识、提高随机对照实验的质量是外科 临床研究的当务之急 。 2.除了有争议的课题外基础研究不赞成作重复性研 究,但对RCT则提倡多中心合作,鼓励我国学者 参与国际上大型的临床试验。 3.临床试验需进行注册 “己所不欲,勿施于人” 。 4.避免文献发表偏倚(publication bias)的影响 。 5.严格掌握评价文献的学术标准 。 6.转化医学需克服两个“转化障碍” 。
Jadad评分量表
随机序列的产生 1 .恰当:计算机产生的随机数字或类似方法(2分) 2 .不清楚:随机试验但未描述随机分配的方法(1分) 3 .不恰当:采用交替分配的方法如单双号(0分) 随机化隐藏 1 . 恰当:中心或药房控制分配方案、或用序列编号一致的容器、现场计算机 控制、密封不透光的信封或其他使临床医生和受试者无法预知分配序列的 方法(2分) 2 .不清楚:只表明使用随机数字表或其他随机分配方案(1分) 3 .不恰当:交替分配、病例号、星期日数、开放式随机号码表、系列编码信封 以及任何不能防止分组的可预测性的措施(0分) 4 . 未使用(0分) 盲法 1 .恰当:采用了完全一致的安慰剂片或类似方法(2分) 2 .不清楚:试验陈述为盲法,但未描述方法(1分) 3 .不恰当:未采用双盲或盲的方法不恰当,如片剂和注射剂比较(0分) 撤出与退出 1 . 描述了撤出或退出的数目和理由(1分) 2 .未描述撤出或退出的数目或理由(0分) (1-3分视为低质量,4-7分视为高质量)

转化医学引领研究型医院发展

转化医学引领研究型医院发展

42J O U R N A L O F C H I N E S E R E S E A R C H H O S P I TA L S D E C E M B E R 2015, V O L.2, N O.6在国家医药卫生体制改革不断深入的今天,创建研究型医院、促进研究型医院快速发展已成为必然趋势,如何寻找一条顺应此趋势的有效途径,成为管理者关注和研究的焦点。

转化医学的理念于1992年在《Science》杂志上首次提出;1996年,《Lancet》中正式使用“转化医学”一词。

转化医学是指“从实验室到病床(bench to bedside)”及“从病床到实验室(bedside to bench)”的双向转化研究,简称B2B [1]。

转化医学致力于弥补基础研究与临床应用间的鸿沟,是基因组和生物信息学革命的时代产物。

随着生命科学的突飞猛进和人类疾病文/常广明① 王永晨① CHANG Guangming WANG Yongchen转化医学引领研究型医院发展Translational medicine to lead research hospital development王永晨哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院党委书记,医学博士、博士后,皮肤性病学科主任医师,教授,硕士研究生导师。

社会兼职:国家卫生标准委员会医疗服务标准专业委员会委员,中国研究型医院学会文化分会副会长,中国医院协会疾病与健康管理专业委员会常委,中华医学会全科医学分会委员,中国医师协会皮肤科分会常委,被聘为国家自然科学基金项目和国家科学技术奖以及中国医院科技创新奖评审专家。

主持国家自然科学基金和省科技厅攻关项目等多项课题;参编国家卫生计生委规划教材《卫生监督学》、《医院管理学》、《全科医学》等教材。

①哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院,哈尔滨市南岗区学府路246号(150086)通信作者:王永晨E-mail: yongchenwang@创新转化I NNOVATION TRANSFORMATION43J O U R N A L O F C H I N E S E R E S E A R C H H O S P I TA L SD E C E M B E R 2015, V O L.2, N O.6谱的深刻变化,转化医学已经成为世界医学科技创新的重要途径[2]。

转化医学PPT课件

转化医学PPT课件

转化医学人才的培养
1. 鼓励对转化医学有兴趣的临床学生在完成MD学位过程中,要积 极参与基础科学研究
2. 涉及转化医学的医学工程人员要掌握基本的临床知识
美国 MD/PhD双博士学位培养计划
浙江大学医学院7年制理学/医学双博士学位培养体系
中科院健康科学研究所针对转化医学的医学-理学双博士学位培养计划
转化医学

转化医学的内涵包含两个方面:bench to bedside (从实验室到临床)以及bedside to bench(从临 床到实验室),即通常所说的B2B过程。 前一个B2B(bench to bedside)是指将实验 室的研究成果应用到临床、转化为医药产品或诊断、 治疗技术的过程,第二个B2B是指通过临床观察分 析为基础医学研究提供思路、指导实验设计的过程。 二者相辅相成,构成了转化医学的双向循环,不把 二者作为一个整体或者忽视任何一面都是对转化医 学的片面理解。
转化医学定义:
1992年美国《Science》:首先出现B-to-B
“bench to bedside”,即从实验室到临床(从长凳到床
边),简称为“BtoB”,意思是从实验室的研究发现转
化成临床使用的诊疗技术和方法的过程。 1996年英国《Lancet》: “BtoB”是双向的(twoway road),即从“bench to bedside and bedside to bench”,即“BtoBtoB”

转化医学与临床工程
临床医学工程在转化医学中的成功例子
生物医学工程技术包括分子生物学、生物化学、生物 物理学、生物技术,生物材料是转化医学发展的重点 人工心脏辅助装置的研究 人工肝技术的进展 计算机辅助定制型人工关节的设计与应用 植入医学与替代医学的发展

转化医学知识点

转化医学知识点

转化医学知识点转化医学(Translational medicine)是指将基础研究的成果转化为临床实践并促进医学进步的一门学科。

它以弥合基础研究和临床实践的鸿沟为目标,旨在加速新的诊断方法、治疗策略和药物的临床应用,提高医疗效果和患者生活质量。

转化医学的核心在于将实验室中的基础研究成果转化为可应用于临床的技术和药物。

这种转化过程不仅涉及对基础科学的理解和应用,还需要考虑其在人体中的安全性和有效性。

因此,转化医学需要通力合作的科研团队,包括基础科学研究人员、临床医生、流行病学家和工程师等,以确保从实验室到医院床边的顺利过渡。

在转化医学中,最常见的应用之一是癌症领域。

基础研究揭示了癌症的发病机制和分子变化,但这些知识如何应用于临床治疗仍然是一个挑战。

通过转化医学,科学家们可以将新的靶向治疗策略转化为临床试验,并评估其对患者的疗效和毒副作用。

这种转化过程需要严格的监管和伦理审查,确保临床试验的安全和疗效。

除了癌症领域,转化医学还可以应用于各种其他疾病。

例如,近年来,通过对心脏疾病的基础研究,科学家们发现一种叫做干细胞治疗的新方法。

干细胞可以分化为心脏细胞,并被用于修复受损的心脏组织。

这种转化医学的应用为心脏病患者带来了新的治疗选择,帮助他们恢复心脏功能。

此外,转化医学还可以用于遗传性疾病的治疗。

通过基因编辑技术,科学家们可以更正人体基因中的缺陷,从而治疗一些遗传性疾病。

这项技术尚处于发展阶段,但已经取得了令人瞩目的成果。

转化医学为遗传性疾病的治疗打开了新的可能性,让患者和家庭在遗传疾病面前有了更多的希望。

尽管转化医学具有巨大的潜力,但实际应用仍然面临许多挑战。

首先,基础研究和临床实践之间的鸿沟需要更好的桥梁。

科学家们需要更好地沟通和合作,以确保研究成果能够顺利转化为临床实践。

其次,转化医学的过程需要遵循严格的规范和伦理原则。

科学家们需要考虑患者的权益和安全,确保转化医学的应用是可行和可接受的。

最后,转化医学需要大量的资金支持和持续的投入。

转化医学

转化医学

二十世纪是人类历史上最伟大的一个世纪,许多重要的变革都在这个世纪发生,医学也不例外。

但是,人类的健康却为什么没能从这些进步中获得最大收益——转化医学:填平医学“鸿沟”二十世纪是人类历史上最伟大的一个世纪,许多重要的变革都在这个世纪发生,医学也不例外。

“受益难”——健康未与医学发展同步人类在二十世纪见证了医学科学与技术的巨大进步,例如抗生素的发明使用、各类疫苗的研制成功、医学影像技术的快速发展、人类基因组计划和蛋白质组计划的实施等,都对人类健康医疗事业产生了巨大的影响。

但人类健康是否从这些进步中获得了最大的收益呢?答案是否定的。

例如,1971年至今美国用于肿瘤防治方面的研究经费多达2000多亿美元,发表了156万篇与肿瘤相关的研究论文,但并没有从根本上提高肿瘤防治的效果。

另一个方面,肿瘤花费却逐年攀升。

据美国癌症协会的报道,美国在2008年用于肿瘤防治上的费用达到了惊人的8950亿美元。

可以说,我们在花大笔的钱用于晚期肿瘤的姑息性治疗上,而恶性肿瘤的整体治疗形势并未发生明显的改观。

“死亡谷”——横亘“两医”之间早在两千年前我国汉代的名医华佗就从植物麻黄中提炼出麻沸散并用于临床治疗。

随着欧洲文艺复兴的到来,化学、物理学和生物学的进展使医学进入到实验医学的时代。

在这个时代里,医学成果不再单纯来自于医生个人的行医经验,而是临床医学与实验室的结合。

但是第二次世界大战以后,科学技术在各个领域均迅猛发展,从上世纪七十年代开始,以分子生物学为代表的基础医学领域出现了一系列突飞猛进的发展。

这种发展的结果导致了基础医学与临床医学的割离。

随之产生大量在基础医学领域出类拔萃的顶尖科学家,以及在临床医学领域成绩卓著的医生。

这两类人才在自己的研究轨道上并肩前进,分别取得了令人瞩目的成绩。

然而彼此之间的共同语言、沟通和交流却逐渐减少。

虽然其间也有很多基础研究的结果逐渐向临床转化,但是这种转化已无法满足临床医学对疾病诊断和治疗的需求。

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!~医药科学专业解释:转化医学;转化医学就是希望将生物医学研究的关注点放在如何将实验室的研究发现转化导向为有利病人诊断、治疗方法的提高上。

2:网络释义:a--转化或转换医学(Translational Medicine)是近两三年来国际医学健康领域出现的新概念。

b--转译医学(Translational Medicine)c--转换医学(Translational Medicine),又叫转化医学是本世纪从循证医学发展而形成的一个医学实践和干预性流行病学的理念,它融汇基础科学、社会科学、政治科学于一体...d--阿斯利康中国创新中心(ICC)初期将着重进行癌症领域临床前到临床医学之间转化医学(translational medicine)的研究。

广义上讲,转化医学(转化科学)就是使病人直接受益的对基础科学研究的应用。

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