Arena软件仿真案例两则
可视化交互仿真软件ArenaArena的层次建模结构Arena通过使用
可视化交互仿真软件Arena的层次建模结构引言在制造和服务业，经常需要进行复杂的流程和系统模拟，以评估不同决策的效果。
为了减少设计和实现这些模拟过程的复杂性，人们创建了仿真软件，其中，可视化交互仿真软件Arena是其中一个常用的软件。
Arena是一个基于事件驱动的仿真软件，它允许用户通过图形界面的方式来建立复杂的仿真模型，并提供了强大的数据分析、可视化和报告生成工具。
在Arena 中，一个模型可以包含多个阶段，每个阶段代表着系统中的一个服务点或处理单元。
为了简化建模过程和提高模拟效率，Arena提供了层次建模的方法。
Arena的层次建模结构Arena的层次建模结构是将系统分解为多个子系统的层次结构，从而简化建模过程，提高仿真效率。
具体来说，这个结构由以下三个层次组成：顶层模型顶层模型是Arena建模过程的起点，它是整个系统的顶级表示。
在顶层模型中，用户定义了系统中所有子系统和它们之间的关系，以及仿真实验的运行参数。
这个模型也可以包含一个或多个实现模型。
实现模型实现模型是最底层的子系统，它定义了系统中的特定过程、服务点、工作站或排队系统。
在实现模型中，用户可以定义一些基本的仿真对象，如进程、交互、收集统计信息等。
中间模型中间模型连接顶层模型和实现模型，它可以简化顶层模型和实现模型之间的交互。
在中间模型中，用户可以创建自定义的进程、收集和更新统计信息、调用全局变量以及连接进程。
Arena的层次建模优点使用Arena的层次建模结构可以提供几个优点，具体如下：简化建模过程Arena通过层次建模结构将系统分解为多个子系统，从而简化建模过程。
用户可以先为每个子系统创建一个实现模型，然后再将它们组合到一个顶层模型中，避免了直接在顶层模型中定义系统的全部细节。
提高仿真效率将系统分解为多个子系统后，Arena可以并行仿真每个子系统，从而提高整个系统的仿真效率。
这也意味着用户可以更快地评估系统的各种决策。
简化故障诊断由于Arena的层次建模结构，用户可以轻松诊断和分析系统的故障，因为通过分解系统，用户可以更容易地找到问题出现的位置。
Arena仿真
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总的流程图
Customers
Assign expected service time
If no m ore than 3 custom ers in Q
Simulation with Arena, 3rd ed.
Chapter 6 – Stat. Output Analysis Terminating Simulations
Slide 11 of 29
故事2
• • • • • • • •
试模拟一个十字路口的一个方向车流（从西向东） 该方向绿灯之间的间隔是60秒, 持续30秒 该方向有一个车道，如右图所示 该车道的车到达时间间隔为expo(6)秒 一次放行最多10辆车，每辆车通过时间为3秒 当绿灯放行时，左拐、直行和右拐概率分别是30%和 40%和30% 绿灯期间来的车如果前面没有排队可以直接通过 模块提示：hold，signal，submodel, n-way decide
Chapter 6 – Stat. Output Analysis Terminating Simulations
Slide 7 of 29
定义两个服务台以及服务速度
Simulation with Arena, 3rd ed.
Chapter 6 – Stat. Output Analysis Terminating Simulations
Chapter 6 – Stat. Output Analysis Terminating Simulations
arena仿真建模题目
arena仿真建模题目
以下是一个Arena仿真建模的题目示例：
题目：货箱需求仿真
要求：
1. 建立仿真模型以模拟货箱需求情况。
2. 设定订货量、单价、最低和最高需求等参数。
3. 分析前8周的需求、销量和利润情况。
4. 计算总成本、过剩成本和缺货成本等指标。
根据以上要求，可以使用Arena软件进行仿真建模。
在建模过程中，需要考虑货箱的需求情况，包括订货量、单价、最低和最高需求等参数，并使用这些参数来计算总成本、过剩成本和缺货成本等指标。
同时，需要分析前8周的需求、销量和利润情况，以便更好地了解货箱需求的变化趋势和市场情况。
arena仿真案例作业
arena仿真案例作业Arena是一种仿真软件，用于模拟和分析复杂的系统。
它可以用于各种领域的仿真，如生产、物流、交通等。
本文将介绍一些使用Arena仿真的案例，以展示其在实际应用中的作用。
1. 生产线优化在一个制造工厂中，使用Arena仿真来优化生产线的布局和工序安排。
通过模拟不同的工艺流程和生产线配置，可以找到最佳的生产方案，以提高生产效率和减少生产成本。
2. 物流调度在一个物流中心中，使用Arena仿真来优化货物的调度和运输路线。
通过模拟不同的调度算法和路线规划策略，可以找到最优的货物分配方案，以提高物流效率和减少运输成本。
3. 供应链管理在一个供应链中，使用Arena仿真来优化供应商选择、库存管理和订单处理等环节。
通过模拟不同的供应链策略和管理方法，可以找到最佳的供应链配置方案，以提高供应链的可靠性和响应能力。
4. 客流分析在一个交通枢纽中，使用Arena仿真来分析客流量和人员流动。
通过模拟不同的交通规划和站点布局，可以找到最佳的交通方案，以提高交通效率和减少拥堵情况。
5. 医院排队在一个医院中，使用Arena仿真来优化患者的排队和就诊流程。
通过模拟不同的排队算法和就诊规则，可以找到最佳的医疗服务方案，以提高就诊效率和患者满意度。
6. 电力系统在一个电力系统中，使用Arena仿真来优化电力的调度和供应。
通过模拟不同的电力调度策略和供应方案，可以找到最佳的电力运营方案，以提高电力供应的可靠性和效率。
7. 金融风险管理在一个金融机构中，使用Arena仿真来分析和管理风险。
通过模拟不同的风险事件和投资策略，可以评估风险暴露和损失潜力，以制定最佳的风险管理方案。
8. 零售店铺布局在一个零售店铺中，使用Arena仿真来优化商品陈列和店员安排。
通过模拟不同的陈列方案和人员调度策略，可以找到最佳的店铺布局方案，以提高销售额和客户满意度。
9. 城市规划在一个城市中，使用Arena仿真来分析人口流动和资源分配。
Arena Simulation 模拟仿真案例
TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page No.Abstract (2)Introduction (2)Research (3)Description of the Arena simulation model (4)Information (4)Steps of the system (6)Model overview (6)Step 1: Arrival stage (7)Step 2: Registration stage (8)Step 3: Doctoring stage (10)Step 4: Exit stage (14)The result (14)The number of statistical and curve diagrams (14)Report (15)Analyze the result (17)Conclusion (20)References (21)AbstractThe medical effectiveness and efficiency is an important index to measure the merits and demeritsof a hospital, which means that a good medical institution should not only have superior professional skill, but also have efficient and high-quality services. But in many smaller and older hospital or clinics, the long queue and outdated equipments are common issues. This model using Arena software is designed to improve these problems. First, a model is established to simulate a certain clinic that only have tradition artificial registration ways and some outdated equipment, and then the self-service equipment registration and the online registration are added into initial model, and more advanced medical devices also are added to assist in diagnosing patients for some complex diseases, which can reduce the diagnosis time of patients and the pressure of doctors. In addition, we will discuss the results, through comparing the original operational data (without self-service registration) with new system (including the self-service registration), we can further analyze the feasibility of the application and draw a conclusion.Key words: hospital, self-service, simulation system, Arena.IntroductionWith the growth of population and the development of science and technology, the health care industry has also improved greatly. Many of the most advanced medical devices have been applied to treatment and testing, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of doctors, and Internet technology is also used in many programs, some new, large-scale hospitals or clinics not only have an advantage in medical effects, but also give people a better experience in terms of service quality, medical environment and other details. Although they are more expensive, they still attract a lot of patients with a variety of advantages. But some of the smaller or older hospitals or clinics are facing many problems about capital, resource, efficiency and so on. For example, insufficient resources cannot meet the growing number of patients, a small number of outdated devices that can't meet the current physical therapy level. In order to solve these problems, there are two common ways, one is to expand the hospital directly with a large amount of money, but most of these hospitals cannot afford it, the other is to improve their medical facilities on the existing conditions, thereby matching the current needs, and the second method is the better way more medical institutions choose.ResearchAccording some researches, many of medical institutions’ work hours are from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and the busy hours is between 9.00 and 11.00 a.m. and 13.00 and 15.00 p.m., and the lunch time is between 11 a.m. and 1p.m..For the online registry and self-service by equipments, because they have some shortcomings, they do not have the face-to-face counseling and have more complex procedures, so these forms of service cannot completely replace artificial registration. However, some people who are familiar with the medical procedure or feel it is too long of queues of the artificial registration will be willing choose these forms of registration.About medical equipments, in recent years, advanced medical devices have been designed to be more efficient and smaller, shorter applications and high automation, which make it very practical, convenient, accurate and so on. So superior hospitals usually use advanced equipment to assist doctors, which also makes hospitals more competitive.In addition, a patient who goes to the doctor usually needs several times such as initial diagnosis, rediagnosis, buying medicine and so on. Therefore, the patient will choose the next process in a certain proportion after the diagnosis.This table summarizing above informationDescription of the Arena simulation modelThis model simulates the working mode of a small clinic base on some research data and hypothesis parameters. The workflow of the model: Arrival – Registration – Waiting doctor – diagnosis –Payment – Lab – Medicine – Exit.InformationArrival distributionInter-arrival rate: Random Exponential distribution with a mean of 5 minutesArrival during busy hours (9.00-11.00 a.m.): constant with 1 person/2 minutesArrival during busy hours (13.00-15.00 p.m.): constant with 1 person/2 minute Resources:According to some factors like lunch time, the resource value and resource types are set by different condition in the model.Schedule:Setting the schedule depend on allocation of resources. Take the doctor 1 for example. The time from 11.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon is the lunch hour, so the value is set to be 0 during this time.Queue:Because some patients need a repeat queue, so some assignments are used to set priority queue levels for some entities and processes apply the corresponding rules in a particular queue.Assignment:Some principles are assigned at some points in order to ensure the system to meet actual situations.Steps of the system Model overviewLayout a clinicStep 1: Arrival stageThe first stage is mainly used to set the entity arrival form and the time limit. The parameter settings are shown in the picture below.Step 2: Registration stageStep2.1This stage is to set the registration method selection. According to the parameter settings in the below picture, the patient selects the registration method. When the number of the queue of an artificial registration is more than 2, the patient needs to choose the self-service ways.Step 2.2This stage shows registering processes, there are two original artificial registration processes and new extra two registration methods, self-service equipments and online registration. The parameter settings are shown in the picture below.Step 3: Doctoring stageStep 3.1When the second stage is completed, people need to go to the waiting area first, which is the area in which queues are generated due to the limited resources of doctors. When there is no waiting queue in the waiting area, the patient goes directly to the doctor's offices, but if there is a queue in this process, the patient needs to join the queue for waiting resources to be released. The values are shown in the picture below.Step 3.2In this station, the number of waiting each doctor is limited to 2. If there are no spaces in the queues, patients need to go to the waiting area.Step 3.3This stage is the main stage of diagnosis, and the parameter settings of the three branches are same. The branch of doctor 1 will be described as a representative.Step 3.4This is the final stage of doctoring including four parts payment, lab, taking medicine, leaving directly, and the special part is the doing my lab , when this process is over, the patient needs to go back to the previous doctor's office, so it is needed to set the patient's waiting priority as high.Step 4: Exit stageThis is the final stage, people will leave and the simulation system finish.The resultThe number of statistical and curve diagramsReportWIP (the mean number of entities in the system)Queue of processes in the systemResources used in the systemAnalyze the resultDuring the nine hours of the system was running, 214 patients arrive, and 62 patients register by the self-services and 54 patients do a lab, which indicate that the self-service play an important role. By canceling the self-service registration methods to change the model to original registration ways, different data will be got. Comparing this data with improving system’s date, we can find that when there is not self-service, the waiting time of queues of artificial registrations is relatively long, 24.93 and 17.53 minutes, while the system add the self-service, the time becomes short, 2.98 and 1.06 minutes. When the clinic does not add the self-service registration ways, and under presumably same average process time (14.53 and 14.38 minutes), the average waiting time of each entity in the clinic is 38.39 minutes and the average total time is 61.92 minute, but in the adding self-service registration system, they are 12.9 and 36.09 minutes respectively. So it can be determined that adding the self-service registration system can reduce the waiting time of patients, and make the process of medical care shorter.ConclusionBased on above analysis, when the simulation model of a clinic adds the self-service registration, under the same average time of process, the waiting time becomes shorter. Although the utilization rate of two employees working at the registration desk has been reduced, the waiting time is considered to be an important issue impacting the service quality of the clinic. And the investment is very less than adding more employees.In this model, the result does not directly respond the effect of adding new medical devices used to assist in doctors, but because of these devices, when the improving model was established, the value of the process of doctor was set to be shorter. In other words, more advanced medical equipments mean less time spend on diagnosis and more patients coming. In fact, the self-service and advanced equipments have a lot of benefits for both internal and external aspects of a hospital or clinic. For the internal aspect, it not only can improve work efficiency and accuracy, but also reduce the pressure of employees, and for the external aspect, it can raise the reputation of a medical institution, and attract more people, which will bring more profits.Sum up, the simulation model provide a good way to help some hospitals or clinics to analyze and perfect their service quality.Lab exam Spring 2020 References[1]. Chinese Journal of Modern Medicine, Mar 2018.[2].Google research - Google map – Clinics in Dubai[3].Book: Kelton, W.D., Sadowski, R.P., and Sturrock, D.T: Simulation with Arena, Fourth Edition, 2007, McGraw Hill (with limited student edition of Arena on CD-Rom).[4].In a computer where Arena installed, use the following path: Start/Programs/Rockwell Software/Arena/Online Books Very useful examples are available when you opened Arena in a computer and use the help. You can use Arena help and Arena SMART files from the help menuModeling of Engineering Management Systems Page 21。
可视化交互仿真软件ArenaArena的层次建模结构Arena通过使用
可视化交互仿真软件Arena一、Arena的层次建模结构Arena 通过使用层次化的建模体系以保证灵活地进行各个水平上的仿真建模。
Arena 建模体系的第一层是各种过程语言（如VB、C/C++），常用于复杂建模过程。
第二层是基础模板即SIMAN 模板，包括Blocks 模板和Elements 模板。
它们由SIMAN 语言编写，继承了SIMAN 语言灵活建模的特点。
第三层是最新开发的通用模板即Arena 模板，包括Advanced Process 模板、Advanced Transfer 模板和Basic Process 模板。
第四层是应用方案模板（简称AST），应用这些模板可以使用户在特定领域进行更加合理的仿真建模。
Arena 建模体系的最高层是根据企业自身的需求进行用户自定义模板的开发。
Arena 正是通过可视化的仿真环境将各层次的建模方法交替使用，获得不同的建模能力。
由此可见，Arena 提供了一个可以适用于各种建模水平的仿真环境，兼备易用性和灵活性两方面的优点。
二、Arena 的仿真分析过程使用Arena 进行仿真分析就是在可视化集成环境下，通过用户与模型的不断交互来推进仿真的过程。
Arena 仿真过程包括仿真建模、模型参数设定、运行模型、验证模型与结果分析四个阶段。
首先，仿真建模，即创建基本的仿真模型。
Arena10.0 的可视化建模环境如图1所示，包括工具栏（如图左侧所示）、流程建模区域（如图右上部所示）和数据建模区域（如图右下部所示）。
Arena 采用流程模块和数据模块共同建模，流程模块用流程图定义模型的逻辑过程，数据模块定义系统的数据元素（如资源、变量等）参数。
Arena分离了逻辑过程与数据元素，以保证仿真建模的可复用性和扩展性。
其次，设定仿真模型参数。
根据模型要求对流程、数据模块进行参数设定（如处理时间、资源要求、服务水平、服务规则等）。
再次，运行仿真模型。
运行过程中，Arena 用动画同步模拟功能使用户更加直接地监测仿真过程。
系统建模与仿真实验指导书ⅠARENA二维仿真建模实验
系统建模与仿真实验指导书ⅠARENA二维仿真建模实验一、实验目的：1简单流水线建模实验掌握ARENA二维仿真软件的基本操作，掌握ARRIVE、DEPART、SEVER、INSPECT、SIMULATION等模块的应用与连接，学会采用该软件建立一条简单的生产流水线，并进行逻辑模块的参数设置和物理模块的界面设计，建成的仿真系统能运行并返回需要的统计数据。
2生产制造过程仿真建模实验借助工业工程综合实验——装配线设计实验的成果——装配线的结构与布局以及各主要工位的操作数据，通过ARENA软件进行仿真建模，比较系统运行的结果，对综合实验的设计方案进行验证实验，调整参数，寻求优化方案，进行优化设计实验。
二、实验步骤主要解决的四个问题：1）模型的建立,确定该系统需要的模块类型和数量：输入(Arrive)，输出(Depart)，加工操作(Sever)，检验操作(Inspect)以及他们的先后顺序和连接关系2）参数设置：包括模块内参数设置和系统参数设置3）统计分析功能的建立：成品及废品平均流程时间、成品率、废品率以及其方差设置和实现，并能对此进行分析和评价，重新调整参数以实现系统优化；4)界面优化，利用系统工具或者画图工具，对仿真运行界面进行优化，体现更清晰的运动状态和物流路径，模拟加工过程的实现附：上机操作指导软件工具介绍一、Arena 软件工具的特点Arena是一个Microsoft Windows下的工具，所以它的基本界面你应该早已熟悉,但是由于Arena仿真软件是属于专业软件，并不常见，国内对该软件的操作方面的资料甚少，而且还都是外文版，所以有必要对Arena的操作界面以及相关的仿真建模操作和模块进行介绍。
（一）、操作界面图 3-1 Arena的界面1 File 菜单在这个菜单里，你可以新建Arena模型文件，打开现有模型，关闭窗口，存储模型或创建一个只许观看的模型，你也可以引进CAD图形，将AUTOCAD作为Arena 的支持工具，而在一些情况下，活动元素将允许你使用现有的详尽的机器设备的图形。
计算机模拟仿真——Arena仿真示例
3.Decide Whether Applications Are Complete Drag a Decide module to the right of the Process module.
4. place the Dispose module, from the Basic Process
Extension 1
Extension 2
• Delay simply indicates that a process delay will be incurred with no resource constraints. • Seize Delay indicates that a resource(s) will be allocated in this module and delay will occur, but that resource release will occur at a later time. • Seize Delay Release indicates that a resource(s) will be allocated followed by a process delay and then the allocated resource(s) will be released. • Delay Release indicates that a resource(s) has previously been allocated and that the entity will simply delay and release the specified resource(s). Applies only when Type is Standard
需要以后的模块释放资seizedelayrelease选项提供了排队等待占用机器或者资源释放资源一系列活动
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1.某企业平均每隔0.5小时收到一个客户订单，客户订购的数量有10%的可能
性是1件，30%的可能性是2件，40%的可能性是3件，20%的可能性是4件。
企业在收到顾客订单后，首先检查现有库存是否能满足顾客订单的需求。
如果库存数量大于或等于顾客订单订货数量，则直接向顾客交付货物。
如果库存数量小于顾客订单订购数量，有25%的顾客愿意选择继续等待，而其他顾客则会选择其他企业另行购买。
这些选择继续等待的顾客中，最短的在等待1小时后向企业查询是否到货，最长的在等待48小时后向企业查询是否到货，而大多数顾客会在等待24小时后向企业查询是否到货。
如再次查询仍未到货，这些顾客有75%的可能选择其他企业另行购买。
该企业对该产品的库存控制设有最大和最小值。
该企业的仓库管理员每隔1小时检查一次该商品的库存情况，如果该商品库存低于最低的安全库存，则向供应商发出采购订单，订购数量是当前库存水平到该商品最大库存之差。
采购订单发出后，会在96小时后收到供应商送货。
该企业现有该商品库存500件，该商品向供应商采购单价为380元/件，该商品的天库存持有成本为采购单件的0.05%，每件商品的缺货成本是10元，每次订货成本是3000元。
问：对于表1所示的几种库存控制的方案，以30天为限，哪种从成本上是最优的？
表1 不同的库存控制方案
方案12345
最大值20001200100018001500
最小值300320280250500
2.一个小型的配送中转系统有3个运入站和4个运出站，卡车以时间间隔UNIF
（35,55）到达3个运入站中的一个，每辆卡车包含的托盘数为UNIF（15,30），假设卸载时间为0。
每个托盘以相同的概率被送至其中一个运出站，站前的运输由3个叉车来完成，叉车的运送速度为每分钟60英尺。
假设任意一对运入站和运出站之间的距离均为50英尺，同时假设相邻的运入站之间或相邻的运出站之间的距离为15英尺。
（1）建立以上问题的仿真模型。
如果没有新的运送请求，假设叉车停留在最后卸载的地方。
（2）修改模型，使空叉车都返回到中间的运入站（运入站2）等待下一次装运。
（3）修改模型，为每个运入站分配一辆叉车，当没有运送请求时，叉车都返回到所分配的运入站区。
将托盘的系统逗留时间作为主要性能指标，比较以上三种系统的结果。
要使用恰当的统计分析来支持你的结论。