环境工程专业英语翻译15

15 Principles of biological reactions
生物反应原则
Biological reactions may be classified ad aerobic, anaerobic, or photosynthetic according to the predominate type of microbial activity and all three are of importance in biological processes used for wastewater treatment. there are several basic principles which are common to all three of these classifications. In each ease a source of cellular building blocks, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,,nitrogen,and phosphorous as either organic or inorganic compounds must first be transported into the cell in a soluble form.
生物反应，可分为好氧，厌氧，或光合，据该占优势类型的微生物的活动，所有三个因素是用于废水处理的重要的生物过程。

这里有所有上述3个类别的几个常见的基本原则.在每一个细胞质组成部分，如碳，氧，氢，氮，磷，因为无论是有机或无机化合物，必须先以一种可溶性形式运送到细胞中。

Rates of solution or mass transfer into the cell can therefore limit the overall reaction rate.（溶解速率，或大规模转移到细胞，因而可以限制总的反应速率。

） Hydrogen acceptors must be present and aerobic organisms use oxygen for this purpose while anaerobic organisms use such compounds as sulfates, nitrats, carbon disoxide, or organic compounds.（，好氧生物为此利用氧和厌氧生物体利用硫酸盐,硝酸盐，碳氧化物，或有机化合物这些化合物，受氢体必须在场。

） Energy must be supplied to the organism either in the form of energy contained in chemical compounds or as radiant energy form sunlight.（能源必须提供给机体，无论化学化合物形式的能量或阳光形式的辐射能）A fraction of this energy is used to drive a synthesis reaction for the production of more microorganisms; the remainder is dissipated as heat.（一小股这样的能量是用来驱动合成反应，为生产更多的微生物;其余是以热量的形式完全消退。

） The effect of the heat generated on the reactor temperature can usually be neglected since the low concentration of organics in most wastewaters results in the generation of only a small amount of heat.(产生的热量对反应器温度的影响，通常可以被忽略，因为低浓度的有机物在大多数废水中生成的，只有少量的热量。

)
The microorganisms also form waste products with the type of product being dependent on the species of microorganisms and environmental conditions.微生物也形成何种类型的废物，正取决于微生物的物种和环境条件。

The more desirable products are gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, or methane, which can be easily separated from the liquid phase. （更可取的产品是气体，如二氧化碳，氮，氧，或甲烷，可以很容易地脱离液相。

）Some gases and volatile compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, amines, mercaptand, etc., are undesirable because of their odor which may create air pollution problems in the vicinity of the treatment plant. （一些气体和挥发性化合物，如硫化氢，胺，硫醇等，目前并不可取，因为它们的气味，可能在附近的污水处理厂造成空气污染的问题。

）
A special requirement for most biological processes used in wastewater treatment is the production of flocculant microorganisms that can be easily separated from the liqud stream in a concentrated form by such physical processes as gravity sedimentation, centrifugation, or vacuum filtration.（对于大多数生物过程中使用的废水处理的一个特殊的要求，是生产微生物絮凝剂可以通过重力沉淀，离心，或真空过滤这样的物理过程很容易脱离液流。

）
From a pollution control viewpoint, the microorganisms produced must be considered as an undesirable product since, being organic matter, they can place a pollutional burden on the receiving waters. （从控制污染的角度来看，微生物产生的，必须将其视为一个不良的产品，因为作为有机质，他们会对受纳水体形成一个水污染的负担。

）
Ease of separation from the liquid phase and self-destruction of the microorganisms through autooxidation are therefore of considerable importance.（微生物通过自动氧化易于从液相和自我毁灭中分离，因此具有相当的重要性。

）
More detailed information concerning the basic biological principles which have been discussed may be found in textbooks on microbial metabolism and physiology.（生物基本原则进行了讨论，可在教科书中发现关于微生物代谢和生理更详细资料。

）。