Chapter 2 Section 7
新视野大学英语第二册7单元课文
Unit7▲overwhelm vt. 1.使不知所措, (感情上) 使（某人）受不了2.胜过，击败spin v. 1.（使）迅速地旋转 2.纺线，纺纱，纺织n. 旋转title vt. 给(书、文章等) 取名n. 1.名称，题目2.称呼，头衔react vi. 1.作出反应，回应 2.反对，反抗reactor n. [C] 原子反应堆，核反应堆tense a. 1.紧张的2.拉紧的，绷紧的v. （使）紧张，（使）绷直▲cholesterol n. [U] 胆固醇excess a. 额外的，附加的n. 无节制，过量fiber (英fibre) n. [C, U] 纤维，纤维物质circuit n. 1.电路2.环道，环形道worm n. [C]虫，蠕虫pump n. 泵vt. （用泵）抽吸（或运送）attribute vt. 把……归因于，把……归咎于n. 特性，属性exterior n. 外部，外面，外表a. 外部的，外面的，外表的interior n. 内部a. 内部的▲destructive a. 破坏的▲perfection n. 完美，十全十美，尽善尽美perfectionist n. 力求完美者，完美主义者，凡事求全者delegate vt. 1.授权，委托权限 2.选派代表n. 代表cycle n. 1.循环，周期2.自行车（脚踏车），摩托车vi. 骑自行车emphasis n. 强调jam n. 1.堵塞2.[U] 果酱vt. 把……塞入，挤入vi. 卡住，轧住argument n. 1.争论，争吵 2. 论据，论点，理由stir v. 1.搅和，搅拌，拌匀 2.使激动，惹起，激起n. 1.搅和，搅拌2.激动；骚乱，动乱outlet n. 1.发泄（精力、感情）的方法 2.出口▲physiological a. 生理的，生理学的physiologically ad. 生理上，在生理学上recommend vt. 1. 建议，劝告 2.推荐，举荐financial a. 财政的，金融的financially ad. 在金融上，在财政上independent a. 1.独立的，自主的，自立的 2.无偏见的，中立的stimulate vt. 刺激，激励，激发temper n. 1.心情，情绪2.性情，脾气vt. 使缓和，软化，调和priority n. 1.优先处理的事 2.居先，优先（权）viewpoint n. 观点，看法troublesome a. 令人烦恼的，麻烦的，使人痛苦的politician n. 1.政客 2.政治家deadline n. 最后期限flee v. 逃跑，逃避，逃逸Phrases and Expressionsbe out of control 失去控制，不听约束blood pressure 血压blow one's top 大发雷霆stir in one's own juice 受煎熬blow apart 爆炸on one's trail 在……路上cut down 减少……的数量keep sth. in mind 记住◆workaholic n. 闲不下来的人，工作狂dimension n. 1.方面，特点 2.尺度（宽，长，厚，高）dimensional a. （构成复合词的）有……维的，……方面的constant a. 1.经常的，永恒的，不断的 2.不变的，固定的constantly ad. 经常地，不断地drunk a. 1.（酒）醉的 2.陶醉（于）consequence n. 1.结果，结局，影响2.重要性system n. 1.制度，体制；一套（工作）方法2.系统，装置sanction vt. 批准，认可n. 1.批准，认可2.约束力，约束因素workaholism n. 醉心工作，迷恋工作employee n. 雇员，被雇佣的人employer n. 雇主loyal a. 忠诚的，忠贞的hazard vt. 1.使遭受危险，冒险2.冒险做出；大胆提出n. 危险；风险trap vt. 1.使陷于困境，使落入圈套，使受限制 2.设陷阱捕捉n. 1.陷阱，捕捉机2.圈套，诡计consumption n. 1. 消耗，消费 2. 消费量，消耗量mode n. 方法，方式merchant n. 商人rack vt. 使（肉体或精神）受痛苦，使受折磨，给……造成麻烦（此词在文中与up连用，意义为"积累"。
文章 volume part chapter section
文章 volume part chapter section文章是一种书面表达方式，通过文字和语言来传递信息、阐述观点或讲述故事。
在组织文章结构时，常常使用不同的层次结构，如volume（卷）、part（部分）、chapter（章节）和section（小节），以便清晰地呈现内容。
下面是一个创建和标题相符的正文，并进行拓展：Volu “探索自然奥秘”Part 1: “大自然的魅力”Chapter 1: “壮丽的山川”Section 1: “雄伟的高山”高山如巍峨挺立的巨人，向天空伸展，令人叹为观止。
登上高山之巅，可以俯瞰群山连绵、云海缭绕的壮丽景色，体验到身心的宁静与宏伟。
高山也是自然界的雄傲之地，生活着各类珍稀动植物，它们顽强地生存并在极端环境中展示着生命的力量。
Section 2: “蜿蜒的溪流”溪流是大自然赋予我们的宝贵礼物，它们从高山冰雪中源头涌出，穿越崇山峻岭，形成了一道道优美的弯曲线条。
溪流水声潺潺，清凉宜人，给人带来无限的舒适和宁静。
在溪流中还栖息着各种鱼类和水生生物，为整个生态系统注入了活力。
Chapter 2: “神奇的森林”Section 1: “茂密的树木”森林是大自然的绿色宝库，蔚然成林的树木给人们带来了无尽的惊喜和美感。
茂密的树冠遮天蔽日，给人一种亲近自然、回归本真的感觉。
森林里的植物与动物相互依存，形成了一个复杂而精细的生态系统。
Section 2: “神秘的森林生物”森林中隐藏着许多神秘的生物，它们与环境相融合，隐匿于树木之间。
有的是擅长变色伪装的昆虫，有的是高度机警的猛兽，还有的是可爱的小动物。
这些生物构成了森林生态链的重要组成部分，它们的存在增添了森林的神秘和魅力。
Part 2: “探索科学奥秘”Chapter 1: “微观世界的奇妙”Section 1: “神奇的细胞”细胞是生命的基本单位，通过显微镜可以看到它们的精妙结构。
细胞内部充满了各种细胞器和分子机制，它们相互合作，完成生命的各项功能。
人教版九年级英语全一册全册完整课件
人教版九年级英语全一册全册完整课件一、教学内容1. Chapter 1: TravelSection A: Talking about past travel experiencesSection B: Making travel plansSection C: Reading about different cultures2. Chapter 2: EducationSection A: Discussing school subjects and preferences Section B: Describing future educational goalsSection C: Reading about educational systems in different countries3. Chapter 3: EntertainmentSection A: Talking about hobbies and interestsSection B: Discussing TV shows, music, and moviesSection C: Reading about the influence of entertainment on culture4. Chapter 4: EnvironmentSection A: Expressing concerns about environmental issuesSection B: Discussing ways to protect the environment Section C: Reading about successful environmental protection efforts5. Chapter 5: TechnologySection A: Using technology in daily lifeSection B: Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of technologySection C: Reading about technological innovations6. Chapter 6: HealthSection A: Talking about exercise and healthy habits Section C: Reading about the importance of mental health7. Chapter 7: JobsSection A: Discussing dream jobs and career aspirationsSection B: Describing job responsibilities and qualificationsSection C: Reading about successful entrepreneurs8. Chapter 8: CultureSection A: Exploring traditional festivals and customsSection B: Comparing different cultures and promoting cultural understandingSection C: Reading about cultural exchange programs9. Chapter 9: SafetySection A: Talking about safety rules and precautions Section B: Discussing emergencies and natural disastersSection C: Reading about safety education10. Chapter 10: Life GoalsSection A: Sharing life goals and aspirationsSection B: Setting realistic goals and planning for the futureSection C: Reading about inspirational individuals二、教学目标2. Cultivate students' ability to read and understand different text types.3. Enhance students' awareness of cultural diversity and promote cultural understanding.三、教学难点与重点1. Mastering target vocabulary and sentence structures.3. Improving speaking and writing skills throughpractical activities and reallife situations.四、教具与学具准备1. Multimedia projector2. Whiteboard and markers3. Handouts with vocabulary lists, reading materials, and exercises4. Recording devices for listening activities五、教学过程1. Warmup: Engage students in a brief discussion about the topic of the day.2. Presentation: Introduce new vocabulary and sentence structures through reallife examples and practice dialogues.3. Practice: Provide students with practical activities, such as roleplays, group discussions, and writing exercises.4. Listening and speaking activities: Play audio recordings, and guide students to practice their listening and speaking skills.5. Reading: Assign reading materials and guide students through skimming, scanning, and intensive reading exercises.6. Grammar focus: Explain and practice targeted grammar points.7. Production: Encourage students to create their own dialogues, presentations, or written pieces based on the topic.8. Summary: Review key points and answer students' questions.9. Homework assignment: Provide homework tasks and answer any questions.六、板书设计The board will display key vocabulary, sentence structures, grammar points, and a visual representation of the lesson's structure.七、作业设计1. Write a paragraph about your favorite hob, including why you enjoy it and how often you engage in it.Answer: (Student's paragraph)2. Create a dialogue between two friends discussing their future educational goals.Answer: (Student's dialogue)3. Read the article about successful environmental protection efforts and summarize the main points.Answer: (Student's summary)八、课后反思及拓展延伸Reflect on the effectiveness of teaching methods and student engagement. Consider incorporating additional resources, such as online videos, interactive games, or group projects, to enhance students' understanding and practical application of the topics covered. Encourage students to explore related topics beyond the classroom, fostering a love for lifelong learning.重点和难点解析1. 教学内容的覆盖与组织2. 教学目标的具体化3. 教学难点与重点的确定4. 教学过程的细节设计5. 板书设计的有效性6. 作业设计的针对性与实践性一、教学内容的覆盖与组织教学内容应全面覆盖教材的章节，同时要注重内容的逻辑顺序和递进关系。
医疗器械专业英语(第2版)PPT课件 Chapter 2-Section 7-PPT
Section 7 Biomaterials
Text 2 Dental materials Understanding the content (4) What is the medical use of dental amalgam?
Answer: Dental amalgam is a dental filling material which is used to fill cavities
Answer: Non-resorbable gauze dressings are made of woven or no-woven cotton-
mesh cellulose or cellulose derivatives.
非吸收性纱布敷料是由织造或无纺棉网纤维素或纤维素衍生物制成。
Section 7 Biomaterials
Section 7 Biomaterials
Text 3 Metallic biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery Understanding the content (4) What is stainless steel?
Answer: Like any steel, it is an iron-carbon alloy. Alloying elements were added and
Text 2 Dental materials Understanding the content (2) What are dental impressions?
Answer: Dental impressions are negative imprints of teeth and oral soft tissues
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解英语是世界上最广泛的第一语言，因此我们从小就开始学习英语，下面是一篇关于学习英语的.英语课文，欢迎大家来学习。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇1Part I Pre-Reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. What is the passage about?2. What's your impression of the English language?3. Can you give one or two examples to illustrate(说明)the messiness of the English language?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you:eggplantn. 茄子pineapplen. 菠萝hamburgern. 汉堡牛肉饼，汉堡包Part IITextSome languages resist the introduction of new words. Others, like English, seem to welcome them. Robert MacNeil looks at the history of English and comes to the conclusion that its tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISHRobert MacNeilThe story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead — but they don't.Walkman is fascinating because it isn't even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesn't bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly globallanguage.How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet —more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Anglo-Saxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made thisspeech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitler's armies positioned to cross the English Channel: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender."Virtually every one of those words came from Old English, except the last — surrender, which came from Norman French. Churchill could have said, "We shall never give in," but it is one of the lovely — and powerful — opportunities of English that a writer can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds. Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language.When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist. The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh. Where those languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a commonparent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe, Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar's armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons, etc. —that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. With three languages competing, there were sometimes different terms for the same thing. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language — Middle English —with about 10,000 "borrowed" French words.Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press inEngland and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources — American and British. Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were proper and which were not. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, "The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself."I like that idea. Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇2 Robert MacNeil罗伯特·麦克尼尔Winston Churchill温斯顿·丘吉尔(1874 — 1965，英国政治家、首相)Hitler希特勒(1889 — 1945，纳粹德国元首)Julius Caesar尤利乌斯·凯撒(100 — 44BC，古罗马将军、政治家)Britain英国India印度Pakistan巴基斯坦Viking(8 — 10世纪时劫掠欧洲西北海岸的)北欧海盗Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚England英格兰William Caxton威廉·卡克斯顿(英国印刷商、翻译家)Otto Jespersen奥托·叶斯柏森(1860 — 1943)全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇31. Read aloud paragraphs 17-19 and learn by heart.2. Read aloud the following poem:LanguagesCarl SandburyThere are no handles upon a languageWhereby men take hold of itAnd mark it with signs for its remembrance.It is a river, this language,Once in a thousand yearsBreaking a new courseChanging its way to the ocean.It is a mountain effluviaMoving to valleysAnd from nation to nationCrossing borders and mixing.3. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.—— Ralph Waldo EmersonLanguage ought to be the joint creation of poets and manual workers.—— Georqe OrwellEngland and America are two countries separated by the same language.—— Georqe Bernard Shaw4. Read the following joke and see if you can tell what caused the misunderstanding of the technician's words by the woman. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.An office technician got a call from a user. The user told the technician that her computer was not working. She described the problem and the technician concluded that the computer needed to be brought in and serviced.He told her to "Unplug the power cord and bring it up hereand I will fix it."About fifteen minutes later she showed up at his door with the power cord in her hand.附上：大学英语作文Last summer, intolerable heat, so mom and Dad brought our family went to see the ice sculpture museum.As soon as we walked into the ice sculpture museum, we felt the chill of the inside, and I knew it was only minus six degrees Celsius. We're just like going into a big fridge. Ice sculptures in the ice sculpture hall are lifelike. It stood the ancient "Four Beauties": Sha Shi, Mochizuki Pipa Wang Zhaojun, Diao Chan, Yang dancing, all lovingly pathetic. The side see also the twists and turns of the bridge deck and handrails, sparkling, shining. There are all kinds of ice sculptures at the side of the bridge. It was found that the eaves of a unique Pavilion were flying, the pillars were beautiful, and the chairs were exquisite, so that people could not help sitting down and resting for a while. Cool air around the body around, make people feel comfortable.What impressed me most was the two high ice slide. The ice is as smooth as a mirror, and we "Hula" it slips underneath. My sister and I climbed up and down excitedly, screaming with excitement, even the coat was flying, and the clothes were soaked in.These vivid ice sculptures left a deep impression on me. The ice sculpture museum in the "barbecue day" is really cool and joyful!。
A9-Test Bank Part II-Chapter 7 Organizaing the Body of the Speech
Chapter 7 Organizing the Body of the SpeechTrue-False QuestionsStudents are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.Multiple Choice QuestionsStudents are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.1.The process of organizing the body of speech begins when you determine the __________.a.introductionb.main pointsc.bodyd.conclusion2.Most speeches contain __________ main points.a.from two to fiveb.from one to threec.from two to eightd.from three to five3.Sometimes your main points will be evident from your __________.a.general purpose statementb.specific purpose statementc.internal previewsd.internal summaries4.The most effective order depends on all of the following things EXCEPT __________.a.your topicb.your purposec.your titled.your audience5.Speeches arranged chronologically follows a __________ pattern.a.directionalb.timec.topicald.b & c only6.Spatial order is especially useful for __________ speeches.rmativeb.descriptivememoratived.persuasive7.The main points of a persuasive speech are often arranged in __________ order.a.chronologicalb.spatialc.topicald.problem-solution8.Which of the following methods of organization works both for informative speeches andpersuasive speeches?a.Problem-solution.b.Chronological.c.Topical.d.Spatial.9.Here are the main points for an informative speech about China’s National Stadium, theBird’s Nest.I.A red concrete seating bowl is one of the two main structures of the stadium.II.An outer steel frame around the bowl is the other main structure of the stadium.III.Spacious concourses are accessible at different levels of the stadium.IV.A large mixed-use retail development is beneath the stadium.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.spatialb.chronologicalc.topicald.causal10.Here are the main points for a speech trying to convince the audience that China needs stricterlaw enforcement against underfunding and negligence of coal mines.I.Many coal mine accidents in China result from underfunding and negligence.II.Stricter safety law enforcement will help prevent underfunding and negligence of China’s coal mines.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.directionalb.problem-solutionc.spatiald.causal11.Here are the main points for an informative speech about classical ballet.I.Classical ballet embraces styles originated in different cultures.II.Classical ballet nurtures the best dancers in the world.III.Classical ballet offers the audience the greatest works in the ballet repertoire.According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order.a.topicalb.chronologicalc.spatiald.causal12.Here are the main points for a speech about the history of Tsinghua University.I.Tsinghua University was established in 1911 as a prep school.II. A university section was added to the prep school in 1925.III.In 1928, the school was renamed National Tsinghua University.IV.Tsinghua University was given its current name in 1949.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.spatialb.causalc.chronologicald.topical13.Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points?I.An English version of the Lecture Room will enhance Chinese viewers’ culturalawareness.II.An English version of the Lecture Room will encourage foreigners’ participation.III.An English version of the Lecture Room will enrich English lea rners’ language experience.a.Spatial order.b.Topical order.c.Causal order.d.Chronological order.14.Here are the main points for a speech about the ancient central axis of Beijing.I.The central axis of Beijing begins at Yongdingmen Gate in the south.II.The axis runs straight through the Tiananmen Square and cuts the Forbidden City in half.III.The axis ends at the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower in the north of Beijing.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.chronologicalb.causalc.spatiald.topical15.Which organizational pattern is used in a speech with the following main points?I.State dinners require special dress codes.II.State dinners consist of military honor guards.III.State dinners feature entertainment.IV.State dinners serve a four or five course meal.V.State dinners include speeches.a.Problem-solution.b.Chronological.c.Topical.d.Causal.16.Here are the main points for a speech about the problem of illegal selling of antiques.I.Illegal selling of antiques is a serious problem that requires a combination ofgovernment action and individual awareness.II.The problem can be solved by a combination of government action and individual awareness.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.spatialb.problem-solutionc.causald.topical17.Here are the main points for an informative speech about the mission of the Confucius Institute.I.Confucius Institutes are opened to teach Chinese culture and language.II.Confucius Institutes are opened to let the world see China as a nation of etiquette.III.Confucius Institutes are opened to celebrate the world’s oldest continuous civilization.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.directionalb.chronologicalc.topicald.spatial18.Here are the main points for an informative speech about the five major cinematic andtelevision versions of A Dream of Red Mansions.I. A movie version of the novel was produced in Shanghai in 1944.II. A Yueju opera version of the novel was made into a movie in 1962.III.The first CCTV television version of the novel was created in 1987.IV.Beijing Film Studio produced a movie version of the novel in 1989.V. A latest CCTV television version of the novel was released in 2010.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.chronologicalb.problem-solutionc.causald.spatial19.Here are the main points for an informative speech about the Bund of Shanghai.I.The Bund of Shanghai is a cherished icon of the city.II.The Bund of Shanghai was a witness to its past paradisiacal glory.III.The Bund of Shanghai is a haven for both residents and visitors.IV.The Bund of Shanghai is a museum of international architecture.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.topicalb.directionalc.causald.problem-solution20.Which organizational pattern is used in a speech with the following main points?I.The first main hall of the temple is the Hall of Heavenly Kings.II.The second main hall of the temple is the Hall of Harmony and Peace.III.The third main hall of the temple is the Hall of Everlasting Protection.IV.The fourth main hall of the temple is the Hall of the Wheel of Law.V.The last main hall of the temple is the Wanfu Pavilion.a.Spatial.b.Chronological.c.Causal.d.Topical.21.Here are the main points for an informative speech about practicing Tai Chi.I.Practicing Tai Chi is good for the mind.II.Practicing Tai Chi is good for the body.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.problem-solutionb.topicalc.directionald.causal22.Which organizational pattern is used in a speech with the following main points?I.First, each participant is given a sheet of paper and told the brainstorming question.II.Second, participants are asked to write one response on the sheet and stop.III.Third, participants are asked to swap their answer sheets with one another.IV.Fourth, participants are asked to improve on the idea they receive.V.Finally, participants are asked to repeat steps three and four until the best ideas are generated.a.Topical.b.Spatial.c.Causal.d.Chronological.23.Here are the main points for a speech about Qian Xuesen.I.In China, Qian Xuesen is known as the father of Chinese rocketry.II.In the United States, Qian Xuesen is recognized as a pioneer in Americanjet and rocket technology.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.causalb.spatialc.topicald.directional24.Here are the main points for an informative speech about the steps of making a cloison né object.I.The first step is shaping the metal into the form of the finished object.II.The second step is creating a design by soldering fine wire to the surface of the object.III.The third step is filling the design with colored enamel.IV.The fourth step is polishing the object.V.The final step is gilding the object with fluid gold.These main points are arranged in __________ order.a.topicalb.chronologicalc.spatiald.causal25.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience about four of the world’sgreatest violin concertos”?a.Historical.b.Topical.c.Descriptive.d.Visual.26.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience about the structure of theYueyang Pavillion in Yueyang, Hunan Province”?a.descriptiveb.historicalc.spatiald.chronological27.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience about the three major campaignsduring the People’s Liberation War in China”?a.analyticalb.logisticalc.topicald.technical28.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience about the causes and effects of thecurrent low effective population of Siberian tigers”?a.environmentalb.chronologicalc.analyticald.causal29.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience how to build a dance studio athome”?a.technicalb.causalc.chronologicalparative-advantages30.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To persuade my audience that ivory trade should bebanned”?a.problem-solutionb.thematicc.persuasived.causal31.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To inform my audience about the behavioral patterns ofwolves”?a.technicalb.logicalc.topicald.chronological32.When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in__________.a.chronological orderb.spatial orderc.topical orderd.causal order33.Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points ofa speech with the specific purpose “To persuade my audience that there should be stricter lawsagainst baby dumping”?a.chronologicalb.thematicc.problem-solutiond.causal34.When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in __________.a.geographical orderb.topical orderc.spatial orderd.causal order35.Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing __________ speeches.a.acceptanceb.persuasivememorativermative36.Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving on toanother are called __________.a.transfersb.internal summariesc.transitionsd.signposts37.“Now that we have seen how serious the problem of paparazzi stalking is, let’s look at somesolutions. . .” is an example of a(n) __________.a.internal previewb.transitionc.internal summaryd.main point38.According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, itwould be an example of what kind of connective?I will focus on three solutions—enacting tougher laws against paparazzi stalking, airing anti-paparazzi stalking PSAs on network television, and giving individuals more rights to fightagainst paparazzi stalking.a.Internal summary.b.Internal preview.c.Transition.d.Sub points.39.According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, itwould be an example of what kind of connective?In short, a bone marrow transplant is a standard treatment option for patients with life-threatening blood, immune system or genetic disorders. A transplant replaces the patients’ unhealthy blood-forming cells with healthy ones.a.Transition.b.Foreshadowing.c.Internal summary.d.Internal preview.40.According to your textbook, brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicatingexactly where you are in the speech are called __________.a.transitionsb.signpostsc.dividersd.lead-insShort Answer Questions1.Strategic organization refers to putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve aparticular result with a particular audience.2.Speeches organized chronologically many narrate a series of events in the sequence in which theyhappened.3.In speeches organized in spatial order, the main points proceed from top to bottom, left to right,front to back, inside to outside, east to west, or some other route.4.Problem-solution order is a method of organization in which the first main point deals with theexistence of a problems and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.5.The following main points are arranged in topical order.I. The first major type of environmental pollution is land pollution.II. The second major type of environmental pollution is air pollution.III. The third major type of environmental pollution is water pollution.6.The following main points are arranged in spatial order.I. The raised right arm and torch of the Statue of Liberty symbolize America’s r ole as abeacon light of liberty to people the world over.II. The body of the Statue of Liberty is lined with staircases, which give a good view of the inside contours.III. The base of the Statue of Liberty contains a plaque with the poignant lines beginning “Give me your tired, your poor . . .”7.The following main points are arranged in causal order.I. The major causes of airborne pollution are industrial and automobile contaminants.II. The effects of airborne pollution are felt in cities and villages around the world.8.The following main points are organized in problem-solution order.I. Childhood obesity has reached crisis proportions in the United States.II. Solving the problem will require changes in attitudes, eating habits, and exercise.9.Connectives are words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationshipbetween them.10.A(n) internal preview works just like the preview statement in the introduction, except that itcomes in the body of the speech.Essay Questions1.Explain each of the following guidelines for main points in a speech. Why is it important tofollow each guideline?a.Limit the number of main points.b.Balance the amount of time devoted to main points.c.Keep main points separate.d.Try to use the same pattern of wording for all main points.2.Write an essay in which you (a) identify the four kinds of speech connectives explained in yourtextbook, (b) give an example of each, and (c) discuss the role of each in a speech.3.What is wrong with the following set of main points for a speech about a spiral galaxy like theMilky Way? Explain the problem and then rewrite the main points to solve it.I. The first visible component of a spiral galaxy is the disk.II. The halo is the second visible component of a spiral galaxy.III. The third visible component of a spiral galaxy is the nucleus.4.Describe and give an example of each of the following methods of speech organization:a.chronologicalb.spatialc.topicald.problem-solution5.For speeches with the following specific purpose statements, what organizational pattern ofmain points would be most appropriate? Explain your choice in each case.a.To persuade my audience that social networking sites should do more to curb anti-intellectualism in cyberspace.b.To inform my audience of th e two major types of Earth’s natural resources.c.To inform my audience about the interior structure of the Moon.d.To inform my audience about the functions of the human heart.e.To inform my audience how to build a backyard greenhouse.（此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）。
chapter section由大到小
chapter section由大到小
chapter section由大到小为chapter 大，section小
拓展
排列，原义是指按次序排队、安放或编排，或者排着队站立、成排耸立。
在现代数学中也有排列组合等专用词组。
1.排成行列。
宋卢炳《念奴娇·白莲》词:"西国夫人空里坠，圆盖亭亭排列。
"清采蘅子《虫鸣漫录》卷二:"观察亲执桴鼓，一击而排列如墙。
"
2.按次序排队、安放或编排。
《元典章·吏部七·座次》:"佥事王好礼、周正散官职位相同，未审逐官阶位上下排列。
"老舍《骆驼祥子》二二:"一切都在记忆中，一想便全想起来，他得慢慢的把它们排列好，整理好。
"
3.排着队站立;成排耸立。
《警世通言·唐解元一笑姻缘》:"夫人坐於中堂，灯烛辉煌，将丫鬟二十馀人各盛饰装扮，排列两边。
"《儿女英雄传》缘起首回:"那时许多星官神将早排列在阶下。
"碧野《雪路云程·驰往巴仑台》:"顺着宽敞平坦的公路，两旁排列一幢幢崭新的建筑物。
"。
外研版英语六年级上册全册教案
外研版英语六年级上册全册教案一、教学内容1. Chapter 1: My SchoolSection 1: The School BuildingSection 2: School FacilitiesSection 3: School Rules2. Chapter 2: My HobSection 1: HobbiesSection 2: CollectionsSection 3: Hob Clubs3. Chapter 3: My HolidaySection 1: Holiday PlansSection 2: Holiday ActivitiesSection 3: Holiday Stories4. Chapter 4: Our WorldSection 1: Countries and ContinentsSection 2: LandmarksSection 3: Global Issues二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握本册教材的基本词汇和常用句型，提高学生的英语表达能力。
2. 培养学生运用英语进行情景交际的能力，提高学生的听说读写综合运用能力。
3. 培养学生的跨文化意识，拓展学生的国际视野。
三、教学难点与重点1. 教学难点：词汇和句型的掌握，情景交际能力的培养。
2. 教学重点：提高学生的英语表达能力，培养学生的跨文化意识。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、实物、卡片、录音机等。
2. 学具：教材、练习本、彩色笔等。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过实践情景引入，激发学生的学习兴趣。
例如：Chapter 1 My School，教师可以展示学校的图片，引导学生用英语描述学校的建筑、设施和规则。
2. 新课内容展示：详细讲解教材中的词汇、句型和语法。
例如：Chapter 2 My Hob，教师可以介绍不同的爱好，让学生学习相关词汇，并运用句型进行情景交际。
3. 例题讲解：通过例题讲解，帮助学生巩固所学知识。
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7.1.3 Theoretical Basis
1. Expert Systems Defined 2. Expert System Shells
7.1.1 Introduction
Paragraph 1 智能制造技术的定义 Paragraph 2 缩短交货期的益处 Paragraph 3 并行工程可缩短产品开发周期 Paragraph 4 面向并行工程的CAD系统 Paragraph 5-6 设计知识融入CAD形成专家系统 Paragraph 7 专家系统与CAD的集成作用 Paragraph 8 列举专家系统适用环境 Paragraph 9 小节内容概述
eneity：实体是真实世界中的对象，它是唯一的独立 的。它可以使真实的实体，也可以包涵概念上的抽 象（比如书的书名）。 relationship：是两个或多个实体之间有意义的联系。
Байду номын сангаас
7.1.3.1. Expert Systems Defined
Paragraph 1-4 专家系统的主导思想 Paragraph 5-6 专家系统的内容 Paragraph 7 推理机 Paragraph 8 知识库 Paragraph 9 解释器 Paragraph 10-12 规则库 Paragraph 13-15 链式反应行为 Paragraph 16 专家系统的开发过程
IMS是21世纪的制造系统。他们还认为， 在CIMS中广泛应用的人工智能，是一种基于 知识的智能，即“知识型智能”。 其特征是：基于知识库和规则库，通过逻 辑推理寻找隐含在前提中的结论。智能的本 质不在于被动地获取某种信息，而在于能动 地发现、发明、创造。研究生命信息的活动 规律，将这种创造型智能应用到制造系统中， 是智能制造的研究任务。
并行工程的目标为提高质量、降低成本、 缩短产品开发周期和产品上市时间。并行 工程的具体做法是：在产品开发初期，组 织多种职能协同工作的项目组，使有关人 员从一开始就获得对新产品需求的要求和 信息，积极研究涉及本部门的工作业务， 并将所需要求提供给设计人员，使许多问 题在开发早期就得到解决，从而保证了设 计的质量，避免了大量的返工浪费.
7.1 Integration of Expert System, Database, and CAD
7.1.3 Theoretical Basis
1. Expert Systems Defined 2. Expert System Shells
ER图
ER关系或叫ER模型（P.Chen 1976）是在数据 库设计中被广泛使用和讨论的一种方式。ER模型为 设计者提供了一种高级别的抽象设计模式，并且帮 助我们在需求分析中消除冗余和含糊的信息。ER区 别实体，实体的属性和实体间的关系，它是基于 Aristotelian classification的。
7.1.1.2 Database Integration and the Addition of Intelligence to the Design Models
Paragraph 1-3 数据库 Paragraph 4 不需要纸质图纸 Paragraph 5 三维图像可转换为二维图像 Paragraph 6 菜单驱动式程序的益处 Paragraph 7 三维模型数据集成
7.1.1.1 Three-dimensional Design
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4
三维设计的重要性 三维设计的作用 三维数据库 三维模型和物理模型的比较
RISC
RISC（reduced instruction set computer， 精简指令集计算机）是一种执行较少类型计算机 指令的微处理器，起源于80年代的MIPS主机（每 秒执行更多百万条指令，即MIPS） （即RISC 机），RISC机中采用的微处理器统称RISC处理器。 这样一来，它能够以更快的速度执行操作。因为 计算机执行每个指令类型都需要额外的晶体管和 电路元件，计算机指令集越大就会使微处理器更 复杂，执行操作也会更慢。
并行工程
1988年美国国家防御分析研究所（IDA— Institute of Defense Analyze） 并行工程是集成地、并行地设计产品 及其相关过程（包括制造过程和支持过程） 的系统方法。这种方法要求产品开发人员在 一开始就考虑产品整个生命周期中从概念形 成到产品报废的所有因素，包括质量、成本、 进度计划和用户要求。
并行工程是对产品及其相关过程（包括制造过 程和支持过程）进行并行、集成化处理的系统方法 和综合技术。它要求产品开发人员从一开始就考虑 到产品全生命周期（从概念形成到产品报废）内各 阶段的因素（如功能、制造、装配、作业调度、质 量、成本、维护与用户需求等等），并强调各部门 的协同工作，通过建立各决策者之间的有效的信息 交流与通讯机制，综合考虑各相关因素的影响，使 后续环节中可能出现的问题在设计的早期阶段就被 发现，并得到解决，从而使产品在设计阶段便具有 良好的可制造性、可装配性、可维护性及回收再生 等方面的特性，最大限度地减少设计反复，缩短设 计、生产准备和制造时间。
7.1.3.1. Expert Systems Defined Paragraph 17 程 Paragraph 18 Paragraph 19 Paragraph 20 Paragraph 21 Paragraph 22 用户与专家系统交流信息的过
细化知识库 规则库中的规则 专家系统的优势 专家系统与CAD结合的必要性 专家系统与CAD集成
7.1 Integration of Expert System, Database, and CAD
7.1.1 Introduction 7.1.2 Subject Description
1. Three-dimensional Design 2. Database Integration and the Addition of Intelligence to the Design Models
Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Chapter 2 Section 7 Intelligent Manufacturing
Made by, Zhang Hangwei Mechatronics Enigineering Department
IMS 与 CIMS
IMS 与 CIMS
智能制造系统（IMS）也是一个高度自 动化的制造系统，计算机集成制造系统 （CIMS）是其发的土壤，CIMS奠定了IMS形 成和发展所必备的物质、理论、技术等前 提条件。
Definition of IMS
智能制造技术旨在将人工智能融进制造 过程的各个环节（即产品整个生命周期的所 有环节），通过模拟专家的智能活动，对制 造问题进行分析、判断、推理、构思、决策， 旨在取代或延伸制造环境中人的部分脑力劳 动；并对人类专家的制造智能进行收集、存 储、完善、共享、继承和发展；从而在制造 过程中系统能自动监测其运行状态，在受外 界或内部激励时能自动调整其参数，以期达 到最佳状态，具有自组织能力。
7 Intelligent Manufacturing
7.1 Integration of Expert System, Database, and CAD 7.2 Knowledge-Based System for Process Planning 7.3 Intelligent Scheduling og Automated Machining Systems