励才中学初三模拟试卷
励才初三试卷数学
考试时间：120分钟满分：100分一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列各数中，不是有理数的是（）A. -3.14B. √2C. 0D. 1/22. 下列方程中，解为整数的是（）A. 2x - 1 = 3B. x^2 - 5 = 0C. 3x + 4 = 0D. 5x - 2 = 03. 在△ABC中，∠A=45°，∠B=60°，则∠C的度数是（）A. 75°B. 90°C. 105°D. 120°4. 已知函数y=kx+b，若该函数图象经过点（1，2）和（-1，0），则k和b的值分别是（）A. k=2，b=0B. k=1，b=1C. k=0，b=2D. k=-1，b=05. 一个正方形的对角线长为10cm，则该正方形的面积是（）A. 50cm²B. 100cm²C. 25cm²D. 20cm²6. 下列图形中，对称轴最多的是（）A. 正方形B. 等边三角形C. 矩形D. 圆7. 下列运算正确的是（）A. (a + b)^2 = a^2 + b^2B. (a - b)^2 = a^2 - b^2C. (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2D. (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^28. 已知一次函数y=kx+b的图象经过点（0，1）和（1，3），则k和b的值分别是（）A. k=2，b=1B. k=1，b=2C. k=0，b=1D. k=-1，b=29. 下列各数中，是等差数列的是（）A. 2，4，6，8，10B. 1，3，5，7，9C. 1，2，4，8，16D. 2，4，8，16，3210. 已知一次函数y=kx+b的图象与x轴、y轴分别交于点A和B，若OA=3，OB=2，则该函数的解析式为（）A. y=2x+3B. y=-2x+3C. y=3x-2D. y=-3x+2二、填空题（每题3分，共30分）11. 若a=3，b=-2，则a^2 + b^2的值为________。
2022年江苏省姜堰市励才实验校中考化学仿真试卷含解析
2021-2022学年中考化学模似试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共30分）1．下列说法正确的是（）A．电解水实验中氢气与氧气的质量比是2：1B．人体中含量最多的元素是氧元素C．生成盐和水的反应都属于中和反应D．金刚石和石墨物理性质差别大的原因是碳原子结构不同2．实验室用蔗糖固体配制50g 溶质质量分数为5%的蔗糖溶液（1g 以下用游码），以下有关做法正确的是（）A．选择的玻璃仪器有烧杯、量筒、玻璃棒、胶头滴管、广口瓶B．用规格为500mL 的量筒准确量取47.5mL 水C．称量时，发现砝码与药品的位置放反，导致所配制溶液的溶质质量分数偏大D．操作步骤为计算、称取、量取、溶解、装瓶存放3．为纪念Dmitri Mendeleev （德米特里.门捷列夫）发明的元素周期表诞生150周年，联合国大会宣布2019年是“国际化学元素周期表年”。
钠元素在元素周期表中的信息与原子结构示意图如图所示，下列说法不正确的是（）A．Na原子核内有11个质子B．Na的相对原子质量是22.99C．钠元素属于金属元素D．在化合物中，钠元素常显-1价4．下列说法正确的是A．长期饮用蒸馏水有益健康B．肥皂遇到硬水容易起浮渣C．霉变花生洗净后可以食用D．为了健康大量服用保健品5．下列说法或做法，正确的是A．除去氧化钙中少量的氢氧化钙：加入足量的稀盐酸B．按溶解、过滤、蒸发的操作顺序可以分离NaCl和CaCO3的混合物C．检验CO2中是否混有CO：依次通入灼热的氧化铜和澄清石灰水，观察澄清石灰水的变化D．某溶液中大量存在的离子有：Ba2+、NH4+、NO3-、OH-6．敦煌莫高窟的壁画色彩艳丽且常年不褪色，其中用到了很多矿物颜料。
励才初三月考数学试卷
考试时间：120分钟满分：100分一、选择题（每题5分，共30分）1. 下列各数中，不是有理数的是（）A. 2.5B. -πC. 1/3D. 02. 若a > 0，b < 0，则下列不等式中正确的是（）A. a + b > 0B. a - b < 0C. a^2 > b^2D. ab < 03. 已知二次函数y = ax^2 + bx + c（a ≠ 0）的图像开口向上，且顶点坐标为（1，-2），则下列结论正确的是（）A. a > 0，b > 0B. a > 0，b < 0C. a < 0，b > 0D. a < 0，b < 04. 在直角坐标系中，点A（-2，3）关于y轴的对称点是（）A. （2，3）B. （-2，-3）C. （2，-3）D. （-2，3）5. 下列方程中，解为整数的是（）A. 2x - 1 = 3B. 3x + 2 = 7C. 4x - 5 = 9D. 5x + 6 = 11二、填空题（每题5分，共25分）6. 若a、b、c成等差数列，且a + b + c = 15，则b的值为______。
7. 已知sin A = 1/2，cos B = 3/5，则sin(A + B)的值为______。
8. 若x^2 - 3x + 2 = 0，则x^2 + 3x的值为______。
9. 圆的半径为r，则其周长的平方为______。
10. 在三角形ABC中，若∠A = 60°，∠B = 45°，则∠C的度数为______。
三、解答题（共45分）11. （15分）已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn，且满足an = Sn - Sn-1。
若a1 = 1，求第10项an的值。
12. （15分）在平面直角坐标系中，点P的坐标为（2，3），点Q在x轴上，且PQ的长度为5，求点Q的坐标。
13. （15分）解方程组：\[\begin{cases}2x + 3y = 8 \\4x - y = 10\end{cases}\]14. （10分）已知二次函数y = -2x^2 + 4x + 3的图像与x轴交于A、B两点，求AB两点的坐标。
2023届江苏省姜堰市励才实验学校英语九上期末教学质量检测模拟试题含解析
2022-2023学年九上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—What’s that terrible noise?—The neighbors for a party.A．have prepared B．are preparingC．prepare D．will prepare2、The sign ________ is a traffic sign. I means “Y ou can’t turn right here”.A．B．C．3、There are many beautiful places to visit in Anhui，_____Mount Huang in autumn．A．simply B．finally C．luckily D．especially4、— _______ is it from the New Town to the old city centre?— Less than 30 minutes by underground.A．How far B．How often C．How long D．How much5、—Mary, ________you have P.E. on Mondays?—Yes. And it's my favorite subject.A．do B．were C．will D．have6、---I can’t find Mr. Crisp in the office. Do you know where ________?---Oh, Mr. Crisp ________ to New York for an important conference.A．he is; has gone B．is he; has gone C．he is; went D．is he; has been7、--Look up! There's a big hole there.--The roof certainly needs _______.A．instruction B．information C．attention D．situation8、—________ does the T-shirt belong to? Is it John’s?—I don’t think so. It’s too small for him.A．Whose B．What C．Who9、It that China _ its first homemade aircraft carrier (国产航空母舰) in the water in Dalian on April 26, 2017.A．was reported; put B．was reported; was putC．reported; put D．reported; was put10、It’s said that many workers in our city have _________ some organizations to help the elderly and the disabled people. They are helpful and we should learn from them.A．stayed up B．put up C．took up D．set upⅡ. 完形填空11、Reading is the key to unknown worlds. When I open a 1 ，I enter a colorful world.Twenty Thousand League Under the Sea is a great book that I can't put down. It is about a wonderful trip all around the world 2 the surface of the sea. There is also sunlight underwater，so I can 3 rocks and coral（珊瑚）reflecting the sunlight in the water. It is fun to walk in water. It is fun to walk in the undersea forest， 4 the leaves of trees grow well.But there are other worlds to t ravel to as well. Let’s take a broom（扫帚）and 5 to Hogwarts with Harry Porter. Hogwarts is a magic 6 for wizards（巫师）. Students there have many interesting things. They fly on brooms and play Quiddiitch，a（n）7 like soccer but played in the sky.There is still 8 to see. I can go and open the gate to the Secret Garden. In this story, a rich man locks up his garden because his beloved wife died. But Mary, a young girl, comes to 9 the lifeless garden. The grass and trees turn green, the roses bloom again, and a lost friendship comes back to Mary’s life.Reading breaks time and distance. Our lives are short, but there’s 10 an end to reading. I hope I will never stop reading.1．A．window B．room C．door D．book2．A．under B．in C．over D．on3．A．hear B．look C．feel D．see4．A．which B．that C．what D．where5．A．walk B．run C．fly D．do6．A．office B．school C．bank D．home7．A．party B．interview C．test D．game8．A．less B．more C．larger D．smaller9．A．clean up B．look at C．take care of D．look for10．A．never B．always C．often D．usuallyⅢ. 语法填空12、My mother is a doctor. She is so busy 1．she isn’t able to get back home on time every day. And she has to work on weekends sometimes. So it’s hard for 2．(she) to do all the chores after work. As a member of the family, I think it’s my duty to share some housework. Though mother always says she doesn’t need any help, there are always things I can do. For example, I can help take out the rubbish and wash 3．dishes. I’m sure I can do them 4．(good).What’s more, I’m 5．(try) to be independent. I wash my own clothes, tidy up my bedroom and care for my things. I’m old enough to do these things. And I can’t d6．on my parents forever.I think she is the 7．(one) person I should thank. So show your 8．(thank) to your mom for everything she 9．(do). Just try your b10．to help her. I believe she will feel happy. Try it now.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、This kid fights hunger and homelessnessAustin Perine is only four years old. His story started this past February in the living room in Birmingham. Austin and his father, TJ Perine, were watching a program about a mother panda leaving her babies. “I told him that the babies would be homeless for a while,” TJ says. “Austin didn't know what ho melessness meant, but he was sad and wanted to know more.” Seeing this as a teachable moment, TJ took Austin to the Firehouse Ministries, a local shelter (救济中心) that provides housing and food for homeless men.As they drove by, they saw 25 homeless men stan ding on the street corner. “Dad, they look sad,” Austin said. “Can we take them some food and make them smile?”Austin used his pocket money to buy each man a Burger King hamburger and handed thefood out himself. Seeing what the burgers meant to the men, Austin returned the next week.He handed out burgers along with his catchphrase (口号), “Don't forget to show love!”After he returned for five weeks, word of Austin's acts of kindness spread throughsocial⁃media. Burger King agreed to donate (捐赠) $1 000 a month for a year to feed thehomeless. Soon, churches and shelters began inviting Austin to give out food in poor areas.Thanks to social support, now Austin and TJ can feed 800 to 2 000 people at once.But Austin isn't just filling bellies. He's improving the lives of those people he meets.On that first trip to Firehouse Ministries, TJ and Austin talked to a man named Raymont.The respect Austin showed touched Raymont, and Raymont told them his story. Havingknown his experience, TJ helped him get a job. Finally he was able to rent an apartment.All that was made possible because a little boy took time to care.Austin's actions have now become his family's calling. His grandma Audrey Perine setup the Show Love Foundation (基金会)which helps fight homelessness. TJ left his job tooversee the foundation.As for Austin, he continues to give out food, smiles, and his message of love. “Itmakes me feel like I'm saving the day.”1．Austin's father took him to _______ to see what homelessness meant.A．a church B．a restaurant C．a poor area D．a local shelter2．Raymont was moved when _______.A．Austin offered him a job B．Austin bought him some foodC．Austin showed respect to him D．Austin listened to his story patiently3．How did Austin help the homeless?A．By setting up a foundation.B．By asking Burger King to donate.C．By spreading their stories through social⁃media.D．By spending time and money caring about them.B14、Once upon a time all feelings went to an island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of a strong storm was announced ,so all rushed to their boats. Yet, Love did not wish to run away quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realized it was time to leave. But there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope.Just then Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love shouted, "Richness, can you take me with you?" Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you."Love decided to ask Vanity(虚荣) who was also passing by in a beautiful boat for help, But Vanity said with a cold voice, “No, I can't take you with me. My boat will get dirty with your mummy feet.”Sorrow passed by after some ti me. Again, Love asked for help. But it was useless. “No, I can't take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself.”When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it hardly concerned about anyone else.Love was growing restless and hopeless. Just then somebody called out, “Come, Love, I will take you with me.” Love did not know who was being so kind, but jumped onto the boat happily.After getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Love asked, “Knowledge, do you know who was so kind to give me a lift when no one else wished to help?”Knowledge smiled, "Oh, that was Time,""Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?" Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because onlyTime is capable of understanding how valuable Love is."1．According to the passage, which one did not go to an island for a vacation?A．Love B．Richness C．Vanity D．Knowledge2．Which word has the same meaning as “Sorrow”?A．Worry B．Anger C．Sadness D．Smile3．Other feelings passed by Love in their boats one by one. Which is the right order according to the passage? A．Richness→Vanity→Sorrow→Happiness→TimeB．Richness→Happiness→Sorrow→Vanity→TimeC．Time →Richness→Vanity→Sorrow→HappinessD．Richness→Happiness→Vanity→Sorrow→Time4．What can we learn from the passage?A．When we are rich, we may pay more attention to Love.B．All the feelings are important in our life except Love.C．As time goes by, we can realize the importance of LoveD．When we are in happiness and sorrow, we shouldn't remember Love.5．What's the best title for the passage?A．the Importance of Love. B．Feelings on the IslandC．Helpless Love. D．Helpful Time.C15、Rules are everywhere. When you’re reading at the library, playing basketball on the playground or driving on the road, you have to follow some rules. But have you ever read any rules on a plane? If you are travelling by air in America, you may find the following criteria (标准).Exit Seat CriteriaIf you are sitting in an exit seat, read the information below.You must:*Be at least 15 years old and healthy enough*Be able to speak, read and understand English well.*Be able to follow a safe way from the emergency exit (紧急出口).*Be able to help others away from the plane.You must not:*Travel with a pet, such as a dog.*Travel with someone that needs special care, such as a child.If you cannotmeetthe criteria, ask crew members (工作人员) to move you to another seat. You do not have to explain why, just say, “I do not want to sit in an exit seat.”1．The passenger sitting in an exit seat ________.A．must be under 15B．needn’t speak EnglishC．must be healthy enoughD．needn’ t help others2．If you are sitting in an exit seat, you can NOT ________.A．eat or drink anything B．bring a parrot with youC．read Exit Seat Criteria D．move to another seat3．This passage is most suitable for a person who will ________ in America.A．take a train trip B．take part in a football matchC．read in the library D．travel by plane4．The Chinese meaning of the word “meet” in this passage is probably “_______”.A．符合B．遇见C．取消D．开会D16、Foods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from different places around the world. Tourists and travelers often get to try some unfamiliar food. That is part of the fun of traveling. Here are four people’s experiences with foreign food.1．Chandra is afraid to try new foods because_________.A．she can’t eat food with beefB．she doesn’t like their appearanceC．she doesn’t like foreign foodD．she doesn’t need any food a t all2．Nathan worked as _______ in China for a year.A．a worker B．a dentistC．a teacher D．a student3．The passage tells us that ___________.A．David King often drinks milkB．flake and shark are the same fishC．a Hindu eats meat from the cowD．the egg is put in the earth for a hundred yearsE17、Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt(融化). It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed together., it became ice.The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier(冰河). Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches(英寸) each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land.Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path down the side of a mountain. Thisglacier will change the land, too.1．The snow that fell on the mountain _______ before glaciers were formed.A．became river B．melted C．became ice D．turned to rain2．Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?A．There are not as many glaciers as there used to be.B．Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.C．Glaciers are found only in warm places.D．The earth is getting warmer and this leads to the melting of glaciers.3．The main idea of the whole story is that __________.A．snow is heavy B．the high land never changesC．glaciers changed the land D．snow became ice to form a glacierF18、According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, we officially welcome the Year of the Horse better than others. The horse has played an important role throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transportation, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields(犁地农具), but "the horse was more than just a vehicle - it had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor," Clare Balding wrote for The Telegraph.In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the horse was a symbol of chivalry（骑士神）and nobility(贵族). In fact, the word "chivalry" comes from "cheval" in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to fashion the19th-century "gentleman", which was about good manners, courage and honesty to friends.Nowadays, because of economic(经济) development, people in Western societies are less likely to see or ride horses. People living in cities, in particular, hardly ever experience horses except through movies, paintings or books. But horse racing, and betting .money on horse races, is still popular. The Kentucky Derby is one of the most popular sporting events every year in the US.In the UK, the royal police still go around the city on horseback and the Queen rides in a traditional horse-drawn carriage on "ceremonial occasions (正式场合)”．Some sayings about horses are still used in English today. For example, people still say "hold your horses" to mean “slow down". If someone seems too proud, people might tell him or her to "get off his or her high horse". And sincehorses are strong and energetic, there are expressions such as "as strong as a horse", "workhorse" and "horsing around". .Interestingly, the horse also appears in many Chinese sayings, such as Qianlima, which means a talented person. Other Chinese horse sayings include Madaochenggong (instant success) and Baimawangzi (prince charming).Besides their physical strengths, horses are smart and have "excellent memories", according to Discovery News. Maybe that's why Chinese people say, "An old horse never gets lost".Since the horse is honored as a symbol of many great qualities, people born in the Year of the Horse are said to share them.1．According to Chinese tradition, which year is welcomed best officially?A．the Year of the Snake B．the Year of the TigerC．the Year of the Mouse D．the Y ear of the Horse2．According to the passage, which is NOT the role of the horse nowadays?A．A weapon of war.B．The royal police's transportation to go around in the UK.C．Race horses.D．Animal actors in movies.3．If a friend of yours is overconfident, what are you supposed to tell him or her?A．Hold your horses. B．Get off your high horse.C．Be as strong as a horse D．An old horse never gets lost4．According to the passage, which is NOT the reason why people like horses?A．The horse has played an important role throughout human history all over the worldB．The horse was a symbol of chivalry and nobility in the Middle Ages in Western societies.C．Besides their physical strengths, horses are smart and have “excellent memories".D．Horses are only used as a means of transportation like a car, a tank or a tractor.5．From the passage we know that .A．Economy develops a lot, so people in Western societies hardly see or ride horses nowadays.B．The Kentucky Derby is one of the most popular betting events every year in the US.C．Qianlima in Chinese means a person who can run one thousand kilometers a day.D．Since the horse is honored as a symbol of many great qualities, people born in the Year of the Horse are said to be as strong as a horse.Ⅴ.书面表达19、写作假定你是李华，在一位名叫Tiger Mom的学生家长的博客上，你看到以下内容。
2023-2024学年江苏省姜堰市励才实验校中考语文考试模拟冲刺卷含解析
2023-2024学年江苏省姜堰市励才实验校中考语文考试模拟冲刺卷考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、积累1．下列加点字注音有误的一项是( )A．元勋．(xūn) 翌．日(yì) 怂．恿(sǒng) 哄．堂大笑(hōng)B．屏障．( zhàng) 山涧．(jiàn) 羁绊．(bàn) 自出心裁．(cái)C．羸．弱(léi) 修葺．(qì) 啜．泣(chuò) 百折不挠．(náo)D．气氛．(fèn) 热忱．(zhěn) 瓦砾．(lì) 强．词夺理( qiǎng)2．下列说法有误的一项是A．戏剧通过矛盾冲突展开情节、塑造人物，往往以矛盾冲突作为情节发展的主要线索。
B．《简•爱》是英国女作家夏洛蒂•勃朗特的代表作，它成功地塑造了一个富于激情和反抗精神，勇敢执着追求自由、平等，捍卫人格独立、尊严的女性形象。
C．古代有很多运用借代的词语，如：桃李指学生，烽烟指战争，丝竹指音乐，汗青指历史，须眉指男子，手足指同学，伉俪指夫妻等。
D．《战国策》是西汉刘向根据战国史书整理编辑而成的国别体史书。
用寓言阐述道理是其一大特色，著名的寓言“画蛇添足”“亡羊补牢”“狐假虎威”等都出自《战国策》。
3．名著阅读学好语文，就要多读经典好文，请根据自己的阅读积累完成题目。
选出下列表述中有误的一项：（）A．《海底两万里》的作者凡尔纳没有到过海底，却把海底的景色写得如此的生动，使读者如临其境。
B．《简爱》中，罗切斯特与简爱举行婚礼时，被中止了，因为梅森证实桑菲尔德庄园中神秘的疯女人就是罗切斯特活着的妻子伯莎。
2025届江苏省姜堰市励才实验学校英语九年级第一学期期末联考模拟试题含解析
2025届江苏省姜堰市励才实验学校英语九年级第一学期期末联考模拟试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、Last December, a man who stole a shared bike 1,000 yuan by the police.A．fined B．is fined C．was fined2、Some students go to school ______ foot and others go ______ bus.A．on; by B．by; on C．on; on D．by; by3、—He ____be in the classroom, I think.—No, he_____ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A．can, may not B．must, may not C．may, can’t D．may, mustn’t4、–– Look at the young man in yellow. Is it Mr. Green?–– No, it ______be him. He is wearing a green coat today.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t5、The superstar Messi interested in football ever since he was very young.A．has been B．has become C．became D．was6、— Will your father have a picnic with us this Saturday?—He would love to, but he has to work________.A．on weekends B．on weekdays C．in the daytime7、The speech contest, ________ is “Man and Nature”, will be held in Room 10 from 2:00 to 5:00 _______ the afternoon of May the tenth.A．which topic; on B．whose topic; on C．that topic; in D．the topic of that; in8、—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils?—Oh, no. They’re not ______.A．her B．him C．hers D．his9、----How _____ did it take the sculptors ________a model?----About 3 months.A．long; finishing B．often; to finish C．far; to finish D．long; to finish10、After the government carried out the two-child policy, she had a second child in her________.A．thirtieth B．thirties C．thirty D．the thirtiethⅡ. 完形填空11、If you have no special plans for your holidays, why not be a volunteer with us? Being a volunteer, you don’t think only of 1 Y ou work, and you don’t get money 2 your helping hands can make both others and yourself happy. More and more young people are ready to 3 us. Let’s share some of their stories and plans.Mary, 17I visited the forest park with Mr Cao last week. I found there were not enough 4 there. I’m going to help the Forest Centre build new hiking paths in the mountains. It’s going to be great 5 —I’ll spend seven days living in a forest and enjoying the clean mountain air. I’m going to 6 with friends in the day and then sleep under the moon a nd stars. It will be a nice sport, and I’ll be able to do7 good at the same time.Andy, 18This summer, I’m going to volunteer with Loving Pets Program. I8 my neighbours’ pets last summer. And I fell in love with dogs and cats. This summer, I will work in the 9 centre and 10 my kindness and love to more pets. I am sure to make friends with more 11 !Haitao, 16Some children find reading 12 They have problems with reading. They need our help. I’ll work for a13called Reading fo r Life. Every day, I’m going to help them choose and read books14 they like. I want to be a 15 when I grow up, and I love children and reading, so this experience will help me in many ways.1．A．himself B．yourself C．herself D．ourselves2．A．And B．So C．But D．Or3．A．join B．invite C．help D．share4．A．trees B．animals C．rivers D．paths5．A．fun B．danger C．news D．advertisement6．A．jog B．hike C．work D．shop7．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything8．A．looked for B．looked at C．looked around D．looked after9．A．sports B．youth C．animal D．art10．A．take B．show C．provide D．lend11．A．pets B．girls C．patients D．teachers12．A．interesting B．important C．exciting D．hard13．A．school B．hospital C．program D．restaurant14．A．who B．what C．whose D．that15．A．doctor B．teacher C．nurse D．directorⅢ. 语法填空12、A man was walking through a large city. On a street corner，he saw a boy 1．(sell) a number of small birds in a cage(笼子)．He looked at the birds flying about in the cage and 2．（try）to get out. He stood for some time looking at the birds .At last he said to 3．(冠词)boy，“How much do you ask for your birds？” “Fifty cents a bird，sir，” said the boy. “I 4．(not) mean how much a bird，” said the man，“ 5．(连词)how much for all of them? I expect to buy 6．（it）all.”The boy began to count，and found they came to five dollars. “There is your money，” said the man. The boy took it 7．(happy).Then the man opened the cage door as quickly as he could，and let all the birds 8．(fly)away.The boy，in great surprise，cried，“What did you do that9．（介词），sir？You have lost all your birds.”“I will tell you why I did it，” said the man.“ I has been shut up for three years in a prison(监狱), and I10．decide) never to see anything in prison which I can make free.”Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、1．What is Poodle like?A．It’s brave B．It’s shyC．It’s lovely D．It’s strong2．From the chart(图表)above , we know that_________.A．Poodle was lost two years agoB．Sarah’s telephone is 839-6723C．parents are not allowed to look at the display on April 11, 2016D．we can call Sarah or email her if we find Poodle3．How long will the display last?A．An hour B．Half an hourC．Two hours D．A dayB14、Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the listeners, but then stopped for a while. He had forgotten her name. Barbara hid her valuable things when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn’t remember where she’d put them.Perhaps you’ve had such experiences like these. Most people have. But most of them haven’t realiz ed that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact: Memory can be improved. If you just accept that, the following will show you how.First, relax. If you are over worried about something, you’ll forget it. If you keep tel ling yourself that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remember things. When you forget something, don’t follow up with saying like “Oh, my god! I always forget things! ” Such words will have a bad result on you and your mem ory.But relaxing isn’t enough. To improve your memory, you’ll need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can be made strong through exercise. Look for chances to exercise your memory. For example, if you’re learning a language, try to actively remember a lot of new words.If you don’t take notice of things actively, you won’t remember them. So, you can make pictures of what you see in your mind every day. For example, don’t just put your keys down! If you want to find them again, make a mind picture of the place where you’re putting them.1．The first two paragraphs just tell us ________.A．examples of memory problemsB．Barbara was a very rich personC．language problems of two personsD．Mark often forgot his friends’ names2．When you forget things, you ________.A．must be too carelessB．must accept the factC．should be confidence in your memoryD．can know your memory is bad3．According to the article, ________ can make your memory better.A．doing sports every dayB．talking to your friendsC．realizing your memory problemsD．making mind pictures of what you see4．The purpose of the article is to help you________.A．introduce the guest B．improve your memoryC．remember new words D．forget unhappy thingsC15、On a hot African morning, Leila was lying on her stomach and an elephant was walking towards her. Leila waited. Then she pushed the button on her camera. “And I got my best photo of an elephant ever, by lying under my car,” Leila explained. “I wanted to get close to the elephants, but of course thi s was dangerous; they had their babies with them. So every morning I used to park my car in the open near the path (小道). They used to take the same path every morning when they left the water hole. After a week, they were used to seeing my car. So the next morning, I lay under it and got my photo!”Many of the best wildlife photos come from good planning. In Africa, photographers set up their hides (隐匿处) near water holes. They also set up hides near forest paths, as animals use the same paths every night. For bird-watching, many lakes have hides. Inside the hides, bird-watchers can watch all day in the shade (荫处) out of the wind and rain. Good wildlife photos are needed for books, postcards, magazines and newspapers. But a success rate of 1 in 20 is good. 1．Why did Leila lie under her car on the stomach?A．Because she wanted to sleep.B．Because she wanted to take photos but was afraid of the animals.C．Because it’s easy to see the elephants.D．Because it’s very comfortable.2．How can photographers take good photos?A．By making good preparation.B．By going into the forest at night.C．By walking around the holes.D．By going to the nearest lake.3．What can we know from the last sentence of the passage?A．The successful rate of taking wildlife photos is 50% at most.B．Photographers who take wildlife photos need more practice.C．To take good wildlife photos is not difficult.D．It’s hard to take good wildlife photos.D16、Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. Thesewagesystem. takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.1．You can most probably read the passage in .A．a science book B．a TV guideC．a history book D．a telephone book2．. The main idea of the passage is .A．to let us know taking away rubbish is a big jobB．to explain the need for rubbish collectionC．to introduce different ways to treat rubbishD．to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish3．The underlined word“sewage”in the passage means.A．排污B．染色C．洗涤D．吸尘4．According to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again .A．to feed animals B．to feed plantsC．to build a house D．to make machines5．How should we take care of a used metal box according to the passage?A．By burning it off. B．By putting it in waterC．By throwing it away. D．By reusing and recycling itE17、Books Bring SuccessPeople growing with morebooks are more likely to besuccessful.According to German novelist Heinrich Mann, a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann simply stated the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, published in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational advantages, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them.In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. They were then given tests in literacy (读写能力), numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.The research shows that the number of books for each household varies greatly from country to country. For example, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But “the total effects of home library size on literacy are large everywhere”.The researchers found that people who had only lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a similar score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.”“Adolescent expos ure to books can compensate for shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy: its impacts are equal to additional years of education,” Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success.Through analyzing their personal information, researchers found that people surrounded by books in adolescence are on average more successful in adulthood than those who had only few books at a younger age.“Early exposure to books in the parental home matters because books are an basic part of routines and practices that enrich lifelong cognitive competencies (认知能力)”, Sikora told Science Alert. These competencies are important to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could weaken the importance of printed books. For now, however, “they still seem to maintain quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of abating (减弱)”, researchers wrote in the paper.1．What’s the study m ainly about?A．Reading habits of different countries.B．The benefits of growing up with more books.C．How reading books brings educational advantages.D．The impacts of books on people of different ages.2．How many books do an average British family own, according to the study?A．27. B．32. C．143. D．218.3．The underlined phrase “compensate for” probably means ______.A．make up for B．result in C．prepare for D．draw attention to4．According to the study, people who read more books in adolescence are likely to ______.a. have better literacyb. achieve more in adulthoodc. have better communication skillsd. achieve more pleasant personalitiesA．ac B．bc C．cd D．abF18、Someone has put forward a dream home which is so advanced(先进的）that its kitchen can suggest what to make with certain things. Also, a Microsoft home doesn’t just warn you when you’re out of milk—it can send you a fresh gallon.But are these innovation(创新）just magic, or are they really coming soon to a neighborhood near you? To find out, U S News asked some experts to get their opinions about the home of the near future. Here’s a look at the innovations.A great number of buildings filled with units look the same. The coming years, however, will give way to a personalized approach(个性化手段）to home construction (住宅建设). The houses will be an instrument of self-expresion.“The successful builders will be the ones that figure out how to change their production model enough to make the buyers feel like they are really getting something that is design ed for them, not just a model,” says Kermit Baker, the chief economist(首席经济学家）at the American Institute of Architects.Future home will probably shrink. “We will be building smaller but smarter houses, says Ed McMahon, a senior resident fellow(高级研究员) at the Urban Land Institute. “Instead of having a room for just one use, consumers will demand homes that make better use of space,” says Susanka, whose best-selling book, The Not So Big House, has a great influence in home design. Seldom-used quarters, such as dining and living rooms, will be replaced with space that can serve both functions. “The goal of his ‘right-size, home is to fit its owners like a specially cut suit rather than a jacket you buy in a store,” says Susanka.1．Why does the writer mention a dream home and a Microsoft home?A．To tell us something about future houses.B．To tell us that technology develops fast.C．To tell us what kind of house to buy.D．To lead to the topic of the passage.2．According to the third paragraph, future houses will __________.A．be mass-produced (大量生产）B．have a lot of things in commonC．express the owners9 personalities (个性)D．be designed by the owners themselves3．The underlined word “shrink” in the last paragraph means __________.A．become cleaner B．become smallerC．become brighter D．become more comfortable4．Smarter houses in the last paragraph refer to houses that _________.A．can warn you when you’re out of milkB．have very advanced furnitureC．can make better use of spaceD．have a room for every use5．What is this passage mainly about?A．Some experts, opinions about future houses.B．The writer’s ideas about future houses.C．What life in the future will be like.D．The development of houses.Ⅴ.书面表达19、书面表达你还记得你曾经感到很幸运（不幸运）的一天吗？哪天在你身上都发生了什么？写一篇60-80词左右的文章。
励才初三语文月考试卷
一、基础知识（每小题2分，共20分）1. 下列词语中，加点字注音全部正确的一项是（）A. 崇尚（chóng）悠然（yōu）自言自语（yán）B. 潜伏（qián）纷纷扬扬（yáng）踟蹰（chí）C. 沉默（mò）沐浴（mù）水滴石穿（chuān）D. 振奋（zhèn）妙不可言（yán）独具匠心（jīng）2. 下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）A. 我相信，只要我们团结一致，共同努力，一定能够实现我们的梦想。
B. 在这次比赛中，他表现得非常出色，赢得了观众们的热烈掌声。
C. 老师经常教育我们要热爱祖国，关心集体，团结同学。
D. 他虽然学习很努力，但是成绩还是不太理想。
3. 下列词语中，字形、字音完全正确的一项是（）A. 毅力（yì）挫败（cuò）沉默（mò）B. 赋予（fù）融洽（qià）灵敏（mǐng）C. 纯洁（chún）慷慨（kǎi）稳健（jiàn）D. 轻盈（qīng）贪婪（lǎn）混沌（dùn）4. 下列句子中，使用了修辞手法的一项是（）A. 那是一条宽阔的马路，像一条巨龙蜿蜒着。
B. 我看到了一片金黄的麦田，像一片金色的海洋。
C. 这座山真高啊，仿佛可以触摸到天空。
D. 那条小河弯弯曲曲，像一条银色的飘带。
5. 下列词语中，与“心旷神怡”意思相近的一项是（）A. 心花怒放B. 心满意足C. 心如刀割D. 心如止水二、现代文阅读（每小题2分，共10分）阅读下面的文章，回答问题。
小河小河，从山里流出来，清澈见底。
它蜿蜒着，穿过田野，流向远方。
小河的两岸，长满了绿树。
春天，树上的叶子嫩绿嫩绿的，像一把把小伞。
夏天，树上的叶子茂盛起来，像一把把大伞。
秋天，树叶变黄了，像一片片金币。
冬天，树叶落光了，树干光秃秃的，但是，它们依然挺拔。
江苏省泰州市姜堰区姜堰区励才实验学校2023-2024学年九年级上学期月考数学试题
江苏省泰州市姜堰区姜堰区励才实验学校2023-2024学年九年级上学期月考数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题A ．BDBC B ．B AB 5．如图是一把圆规的平面示意图，使用时，以点A 为支撑点，笔芯端点2AOB ∠θ=，则圆规能画出的圆的半径A ．2sin a θ6．构建几何图形解决代数问题是Rt △ACB 中，∠C ＝90°所以tan15°2AC CD ==值为（）A ．21+B ．2﹣1二、填空题7．钓鱼岛列岛是我国最早发现、命名，并行使主权的，在一幅比例尺是地图上，测得钓鱼岛的东西走向长为3.5厘米，那么它的东西走向实际长度大约是米．8．设点P 是线段AB 的黄金分割点(),AP BP >9．如图，123l l l ∥∥，2cm BC =，3DF EF =，则10．若关于x 的一元二次方程12．如图，△ABC 中，D 13．如图，P 为平行四边形12PE PF EB FC ==，则PFE PAB S S 14．如图，在Rt ABC △中，接BE ．若3tan 8CAD ∠=，则15．如图，在43⨯的网格图中，点于点P ，则tan APC ∠的值是16．如图，在ABC 纸板中，AC三、解答题17．计算(1)11(3)2cos603π-⎛⎫-+-⎪⎝⎭︒(2)2cos301tan60tan︒--︒+18．解方程(1)24810x x-+=(1)在图中标出位似中心P的位置，并写出点(2)以原点O为位似中心，在位似中心的同侧画出OAB的位似比为2:1，并写出点B的对应点(1)求边AC的长；∠的值．(2)求tan BAD23．某数学兴趣小组决定采用我国古代数学家赵爽利用影子对物体进行测量的原理，24．今年超市以每件25元的进价购进一批商品，当商品售价为40元时，三月份销售256件，四、五月该商品十分畅销，销售量持续上涨，在售价不变的基础上，五月份的销售量达到400件．(1)求证：ADE ∽△(2)连接CF ，若AB 26．类比探究【问题背景】已知D ABC ADE △△∽把①如图2，找出图中的另外一组相似三角形__________②若4AB =，3AC =，2BD =，则CE =__________【迁移应用】在Rt ACB △中，90BAC ∠=︒，中点，连接DE 和CM ．①如图3，写出CE 和BD 的数量关系__________②如图4，把Rt ADE △绕着点A 逆时针方向旋转，取CD 中点N ，连接MN ，若23CE =，求。
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初三物理模拟练习一一．1．以下估测中最接近事实的是A ．一张课桌桌面的宽度是5mB ．某同学正常的体温是47℃C ．人步行的速度是1.2m/sD ．一个乒乓球的直径是4dm2．某学生用刻度尺测得某一物体长度，四次结果如下：1l =3.54cm ，2l =3.53cm ，3l =3.51cm ， 4l =3.53cm ，其长度应记为A ．3.51cmB ．3.52 cmC ．3.5275cmD ．3.53cm3．下列说法中正确的是A ．我们能看到月亮，说明了月亮是一个天然光源B ．挖隧道用“激光准直”是利用了光在均匀介质中沿直线传播的原理C ．黑板反光看不清字，是因为字发生镜面反射的缘故D ．平静湖面上的楼阁的“倒影”是光的折射形成的4．甲、乙、丙三辆汽车都做匀速直线运动，如果甲车每小时通过60km 路程，乙车每分钟通过600m 路程，丙车每秒钟通过6m 路程，那么这三辆车运动的情况是A ．甲车的速度最大B ．乙车的速度最大C ．丙车的速度最大D ．三辆车速度相同5．生活处处有物理，留心观察皆学问。
对以下现象解释正确的是（ ）A ．初冬季节，在家里洗澡时发现房间里充满“白气”，这些“白气”是水蒸气B ．冬天在菜窖里放几桶水，利用水凝华放热防止菜被冻坏C ．放在衣橱里的樟脑丸，时间久了会明显变小，是因为樟脑丸蒸发为气体跑掉了D ．把冰箱里的冻豆腐取出，冰化后，发现豆腐里有许多小孔，这是豆腐里的水先遇冷结冰，后又熔化成水形成的。
6．下列说法正确的是A ．物体的质量越大，其密度越大B ．物体的体积越大，其密度越大C ．由密度公式ρ=m/v 可知，物质的密度跟质量成正比，跟体积成反比D ．密度是物质的物理属性，密度的大小跟质量的多少和体积无关7．在石油工业中，在不同温度上可分馏出汽油、煤油、柴油等许多石油产品，这是利用了它们的A ．熔点不同B ．沸点不同C ．密度不同D ．凝固点不同 8．在探究凸透镜成像规律实验中，当烛焰位于距离凸透镜一倍焦距内时，人眼观察到烛焰成像的情形是图1中的9.自从公布了北京奥运会会徽“中国印”后，某同学就迷上了篆刻艺术。
印模经过专用工具的钻、磨、刻等工艺后，可以让人感受到艺术的魅力。
印模在加工过程中，以下科学量没有发生变化的是A ．体积B ．密度C ．质量D ．重力10．能的利用给人们的生活带来了诸多方便，但我们也应有节能意识．下列符合节能要求且安全的做法是A ．夏天利用打开冰箱门来降温B ．冬天利用煤气灶燃气来取暖C ．晴天室内利用太阳光来照明D ．洗衣机每一次只洗一件衣服11．一个小朋友从滑梯上匀速滑下的过程中，下列说法正确的是A.动能减小，重力势能减小，机械能减小B.动能不变，重力势能减小，机械能减小C.动能减小，重力势能增大，机械能不变D.动能不变，重力势能减小，机械能不变12．如图3所示电路中，甲、乙、丙三烧瓶中分别装有等质量的水或煤油，瓶内电阻丝电阻的大小关系为R 甲＞R 乙＝R 丙，瓶中均插有同型号的温度计，则下列说法中正确的是A ．闭合S 3，断开S 1、S 2，可用于探究电热与电阻的关系B ．闭合S 3，断开S 1、S 2，可用于比较不同液体的比热容C ．同时闭合S 1、S 2、S 3，可用于比较不同液体的比热容D ．闭合S 2，断开S 1、S 3，可用于探究电热与电流的关系二、填空题（每空1分，共28分）13.在2009年10月3日晚的“宜春月-中华情”的中秋晚会上，成龙大哥一开口，还在厨房的妈妈就激动地说“是成龙”，妈妈是根据成龙声音的 这一特点判断的；在现场的图3 图2各个方向的人都能看到成龙是因为他对光线发生 反射。
.14.商场的自动扶梯载着陈明同学缓缓地．．．向楼上运动，陈明所做的运动可以近似的看成是 _________运动；陈明看到商店里的所有商品都在动，是以 _______ 作为参照物的.15.利用平行光聚焦法测量凸透镜焦距的实验过程中，必须反复移动光屏，直至屏上光斑 为止；图4是符合要求的一次测量示意图，则该凸透镜的焦距为 cm ；如果要把该凸透镜当作放大镜使用，那么物体到透镜的距离必须 cm ．16．如图5所示，将一块厚玻璃放在一支铅笔上，斜着看上去铅笔似乎“错位了”，这是光的_________现象造成的.试举出一个与上述现象类似的例子 .17．汽车司机座位前安装有速度计，它可以指示汽车的行驶速度，如果速度计的指针位置如图6所示，汽车用这个速度行驶30min 通过的距离是 m.已知泰州到南京的公路里程是154km ，那么汽车从泰州出发，以这个速度行驶， h 可到达南京.18．水资源与人类生活息息相关．请你说出它的一个应用 ；水资源又是非常宝贵的，请你说出珍惜水资源的一条措施 ；图7为新疆“火洲里的坎儿井”，它可以减少输送过程中水分的和 ，充分展现了当地劳动人民的聪明才智．19．一容积为20升的气缸内储有密度为2Kg/m 3的气体，气体的质量为 ㎏，现将其气体压缩为8升，则压缩后气体的密度为 Kg/m 3。
20．在解决物理问题的过程中，我们常常会用到一些隐含条件．(1)将用电器接到家庭电路中，其隐含条件：家庭电路的电压为__________；(2)在1标准大气压下，把水烧开，其隐含条件：开水的温度为_________；(3)给遥控器换上两节新的干电池，其隐含条件：电源电压为_________．21．人体就像一部复杂的机器，包含许多物理知识．(1)人体是 (填“导体”或“绝缘体”)，人体的安全电压不高于 V ；(2)正常人的心脏推动血液流动的功率约为图71．5 W ，那么在10 s 内心脏做的功是 J ，这些功可把一个1kg 的物体匀速举 高 m ．(g 取10N ／kg)22.2009年12月7日晚，湖南湘乡某中学发生一起伤亡惨重的校园踩踏事件，学生们在下楼梯的过程中，一学生跌倒，骤然引发拥挤．事故发生的原因之一是下楼时后面同学 的 能转化为 能具有较大的速度，对前面同学做功．我们要牢记这一血的教训，时刻绷紧安全这根弦，让悲剧不再重演．23．半导体制冷技术是用于电脑元件散热的前沿科技．其原理是珀尔贴效应．如图8所示是半导体制冷的原理图．把N 型半导体元件和P 型半导体元件串联，接上直流电源后，半导体材料的两端会产生温度差，在电流方向是N →P 的地方吸热，而在电流方向是P →N的地方放热．则靠近电脑发热体(CPU)的是_________(填“A ”或“B ”)陶瓷片．该散热元件中的电源______(填“可以”或“不可以”)直接用交流电源．三、解答题（除特殊说明外，每空1分，共48分．）24．（6分）按照题目要求作图：（1）标出图9中通电螺线管的N 、S 极。
（2）根据反射光线，请你找到图10中光源S 所在的位置.（3）如图11所示，MN 为空气和水的分界面，AO 为入射光线，O 为入射点．在图上画出其折射光线的大致位置，并标出折射角(在折射角处标上 )．25．(5分)夏天的暴雨来得确是猛烈，雨滴打在窗户玻璃上,沿玻璃缓缓流下。
小华同学看到这一现象想：水滴沿着玻璃的运动是否是匀速运动？小华用秒表和刻度尺测出了一个水滴运动的距离和时间数据填入表中：图10 图11 图9 图8（1）根据表中数据可知，小华测量水滴运动情况是先定 ________ ，再测 ________ （选填“距离”或“时间”）。
（2）分析表中数据可知，水滴的运动 __________ （选填“是”或“不是”）匀速运动。
（3）水滴在整个测量过程中的平均速度是 _______________ 。
（4）影响水滴沿玻璃运动快慢的因素有 _________________ （填写一点即可）。
26.（5分）小芳在家中照镜子时，发现镜中的她“远小近大”，于是她猜想：物体在平面镜中所成像的大小是否与物体到平面镜的距离有关？(1)为了验证猜想，她选用__________（选填“平面镜”或“薄玻璃板”）和两根______________（选填“相同”或“不相同”）的蜡烛及刻度尺来完成实验。
(2)实验中她应把蜡烛分别放在镜前___________（选填“相同”或“不相同”）的位置，发现像与镜后的蜡烛总是______________的。
(3)她得出的正确结论是：物体在平面镜中所成像的大小与物体到平面镜的距离__________（选填“有关”或“无关”）。
27．（5分）小明猜想，水中加入别的物质后，一定会对水的凝固点产生影响，为了验证这一猜想，他将一些盐放入水中，并把盐水用容器盛好放入冰箱，研究盐水的凝固过程.每隔一定时间，小明就观察盐水状态、测出温度，并将凝固过程记录的温度数据画成了凝固图象如图12所示。
(1)从图象中可以看出盐水凝固过程用了_______分钟。
(2)从图象中得到晶体的液态物质在凝固时的温度将______。
(填“变大”“变小”或“不变”)(3)凝固点为______℃。
实验验证了小明的猜想，因为与水相比，凝固点变______了。
(选填“高”或“低”)(4)如果将一个装有冰水混合物的试管放入正在熔化的盐冰水混合物中如图13所示，试管中的冰水混合物中的冰会___________。
(选填“变多”、“变少”或“不变”)28．（4分）下表是小明同学在硬纸板上挖孔所做的研究太阳的小孔成像实验记录表： 图13 图12小明和他的同学分析上表的结果，得出了一些结论，请你帮他们补充完整。
(1)小孔成像是由于光_________________________________________形成的。
(2)由于太阳距我们很远，到达地面的光线几乎平行，所以，当小孔到地面的距离足够小时，地面上的光斑与小孔的形状是一致的，这不是太阳的像。
要使太阳通过小孔成像，必须注意小孔的大小和小孔到地面的距离，当小孔到地面的距离一定时，小孔越____ (填“大”或“小”)，地面上就越容易得到太阳的像。
(3)小明另使用形状为“☆”的小孔来研究太阳的小孔成像，当小孔距地面40cm时，地面上的光斑为“☆”，则小孔距地面10cm时，地面上的光斑形状为（）（2分）A．○ B．☆ C．□ D．△29.(4分)小明用如下实验测定所处环境的空气密度。
他用气筒将皮球打足气，用天平称出此时皮球的质量为81.6g。
将如图14甲所示的量杯装满水后，倒放在水槽中，用气针和乳胶管将皮球中的空气引入量杯内，用排水集气的方法慢慢排出皮球中的气体，如图14乙所示，同时调整量杯的高度，使量杯内气体达到量杯的最大测量值，且量杯内、外水面相平。
此时，用夹子夹紧乳胶管暂停放气。
再将量杯装满水后重新集气，如此共进行10次。
拔出气针，用天平称出此时皮球和剩余气体的质量，如图14丙所示。
请根据实验及图中所示情况，帮助小明完成下面的实验数据表格。