吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁【圣才出品】
第33章伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁33.1复习笔记Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)(伊丽莎白·巴雷特•勃朗宁)1.Life(生平)Elizabeth Barrett was born in1806at Durham,cated at home,Elizabeth had written her first“epic”poem by the age of12.But when she was fifteen,a fall from her horse injured her spine.Despite her ailments,he devoted herself to study Hebrew and Greek.With her enthusiasm for her Christian faith,she became active in the Bible and Missionary Societies for her church.Later she lived in her father’s London house under his tyrannical rule.After her brother’s death,she became an invalid and a recluse in her bedroom for5years.In1844,her Poems attracted Robert Browning’s attention and they exchanged574letters over the next20months. Regardless of her father’s opposition,they eloped in1846and settled in Italy,where her health improved and she bore a son.Her father never spoke to her again.Elizabeth’s Sonnets from the Portuguese,dedicated to her husband and written in secret before her marriage,was published in1850.She died in Florence in1861.伊丽莎白·巴雷特1806年出生在英国达勒姆。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-丹尼尔
第10章丹尼尔•笛福10.1复习笔记I.Background Knowledge(背景知识)(1)After the“Glorious Revolution”,England became a constitutional monarchy and power passedfrom the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers.The power struggle between the liberal Whigs and the conservative Tories at times dominated the literature of the age.(2)The Industrial Revolution started and transformed the socioeconomic texture of Britain,intensifying the contradictions between the rich and the poor.(3)The rapid development of social life including the popularity of public coffee-houses andprivate clubs was typical of all English cities.(4)The Enlightenment started in the18th century,which fought against feudalism,emphasizedreason,and believed in human beings’innate kindness.（1）1688年光荣革命后，英国从此成为君主立宪制国家，权力由国王转向议会和内阁大臣。
两党之间的争权夺势不时主导着18世纪文学。
（2）工业革命兴起，彻底改变了英国的社会经济结构，加剧了贫富矛盾。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】第39章弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙39.1复习笔记Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫)1.Life(生平)Virginia Woolf was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen,the biographer,critic and editor of the Dictionary of National Biography.She was educated at home and in frequent contact with her father’s literary and political friends.After his father’s death in1904,she settled with her families in Bloomsbury,where she was a member of the Bloomsbury Group.In1912Virginia married Leonard Woolf,a journalist,essayist and political thinker.Together they founded the Hogarth Press in1917.From childhood she suffered from fits of nervous breakdown.Her husband encouraged her to write novels.Her house in London was bombed by Nazi planes during the Second World War.She fell into a spiritual depression and became ill again.In1941,after completing her last novel,Between the Acts,she drowned herself in a river for fear that she would lose her mind and became a burden to her husband.弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙是莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士之女。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》笔记和考研真题详解-第7章浪漫主义时期【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》笔记和考研真题详解-第7章浪漫主义时期【圣才出品】第7章浪漫主义时期7.1 复习笔记I. Background Knowledge（背景知识）At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution.Romanticism prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832. The co-authored book Lyrical Ballads published in 1798 by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge marked the beginning of romanticism, while the death of Walter Scott in 1832 declared the ending of it.18世纪末19世纪初，在英国⼯业⾰命和法国⼤⾰命的影响下，浪漫主义成为⼀种新的⽂学思潮应运⽽⽣。
1798年华兹华斯和柯勒律治共同编写的《抒情歌谣集》标志浪漫主义时期的开始，1832年沃尔特·司各特的去世则宣告浪漫主义时期的结束。
II. Literary Features of the Eighteenth Century（⼗⼋世纪⽂学特征）1. The Romantic Period is one of poetical revival. It is a period of poetry. Emotion, imagination and intuition of humankind are what the romanticists emphasize in their works. The general feature of the works of the romanticists is the dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society. They pay more attention to thespiritual and emotional life of man. Nature plays an important role in their works.2. Romantic poets are generally divided into two groups: the elder generation, or the escapist romanticists (Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who also known as Lake Poets), and the younger generation, or the active romanticists (Byran, Shelley and Keats). The elder generation reflected the merry of old England. Frightened by the coming of industrialism and the nightmare towns, they were turning to nature for protection. The younger generation expressed the aspirations of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal of a future society free from oppression and exploitation.3. Romantic prose of the time was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey andHunt.4. The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott, whose historical novelscombined a romance atmosphere with a realistic depiction of historical background and common people’s life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism.1. 浪漫主义时期是诗歌复兴时期。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)-章节题库(第一~三章)【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第一章中古时期一、填空题1. ______ is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.【答案】Beowulf【解析】《贝奥武夫》讲述了斯堪的纳维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹。
是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
2. Today Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry”but also as “the father of English fiction”. His masterpiece is ______.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》。
3. ______ is the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, whose masterpiece The Canterbury Tales is one of the most famous works in all literature.【答案】Geoffrey Chaucer【解析】杰弗里·乔叟于1340年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌的创始者。
他逝于1400年，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂，也被称作“诗人角”。
4. In “The Canterbury Tales”, Chaucer employed the writing _____ with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.【答案】heroic couplet【解析】杰弗里·乔叟（1340—1400）英国小说家、诗人，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，代表作品《坎特伯雷故事集》，大部分采用的是英雄双韵体。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-哥尔德史密斯【圣才出品】
第15章哥尔德史密斯15.1复习笔记Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774)(奥里弗·哥尔德斯密斯)1.Life(生平)Oliver Goldsmith was born in Ireland,the son of a poor Anglican curate.He was early disfigured by smallpox and grew up with ugly face and ungraceful figure.In his early years,he was apparently stupid and idle.However,in1749,Goldsmith graduated from Trinity College in Dublin with a BA ter he was trained for medicine,but eventually drifted to be a hack writer for Monthly Review.Goldsmith was one of the most versatile authors,who became an accomplished essayist,poet,novelist,and playwright.奥利弗·哥尔德史密斯出生于爱尔兰，是一个贫困的英国国教乡村牧师之子。
他早年因得天花而残疾，面部丑陋，身形笨拙。
小时候他显然十分愚笨无用。
然而，1749年他从都柏林三一学院毕业，获得文学学士学位。
后来他又接受医学教育，但最终转行做了《每月评论》的雇佣写手。
哥尔德史密斯多才多艺，是颇有建树的散文家，诗人，小说家和剧作家。
2.Major Works(主要作品)The Citizen of the World(1762)《世界公民》The Traveller(1764)《旅游人》The Vicar of Wakefield(1766)《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Good-Natured Man(1768)《好心人》The Deserted Village(1770)《荒村》She Stoops to Conquer(1773)《屈身求爱》3.Selected Work(选读作品)◆The Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传》thick and fast.The vicar loses his fortune and they have to move to a new place under the patronage of a certain squire Thornhill.Thornhill,being an immoral ruffian,seduces Olivia and then deserts her.The vicar himself is thrown into prison for debt to Thornhill.Sophia,the vicar’s second daughter,is forcibly carried off in a carriage by an unknown villain.By this time,Mr. Burchell,one of the vicar’s acquaintances,who appears to be a broken-down gentleman,saves Sophia.He makes it known to the Primrose family that he is squire Thornhill’s uncle.The squire’s villainy is exposed in front of his uncle.All now ends happily.Sir William marries Sophia.Olivia is found out and the squire is made to marry her.The vicar’s fortune is restored to him.故事由好心的乡村牧师普里姆罗斯本人讲述。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-约翰·弥尔顿【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-约翰·弥尔顿【圣才出品】第8章约翰·弥尔顿8.1复习笔记John Milton(1608-1674)(约翰·弥尔顿)1.Life(生平)John Milton was born into a pious wealthy Puritan family.He was greatly influenced by his father who loved books and had a private teacher for him.About12years old,Milton was sent to a famous boy’s school in London called St Paul’s;at15,he went to Cambridge University where he was said to be the finest scholar.Abandoning the thought of being a clergyman of the English Church,he retired to his father’s country house at Horton,writing poetry and studying hard. Later he traveled France,Switzerland and Italy where he heard that people’s struggle against the king might lead to war.After he returned to London,he wrote pamphlets opposing the monarchy and advocating people’s liberty.The commonwealth government gave Milton the important office of Secretary for Foreign Tongues.He worked hard and finally became blind.During the Restoration,he was thrown in prison and released by CharlesⅡ.He died on November8,1674surrounded by a few devoted friends.弥尔顿出生在富裕、虔诚的清教徒家庭。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 精彩摘录 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 读书笔记
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
真题
复习
吴伟仁
教材
第章
难点
时期
笔记
笔记
章节 题
托马斯
真题
典型
笛福
笔记
丹尼尔
真题
阶段
内容摘要
作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书完全遵循该教材的章目编排，共分为七部分，总共40章，每章由两部分组成： 第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校近年 考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精 华。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授 该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。本书 章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。本书 精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但 又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
目录分析
第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊 时期
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底 时期
第3章杰弗里•乔叟 第4章大众民谣
1.1复习笔记 1.2考研真题与典型题详解
2.1复习笔记 2.2考研真题与典型题详解
3.1复习笔记 3.2考研真题与典型题详解
4.1复习笔记 4.2考研真题与典型题详解
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第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期2.1复习笔记I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识)1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服)A.Brief Introduction(简介)The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066.说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。
B.Chief Influences(主要影响)(1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England;(2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union ofSaxon tribes;(3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with Frenchvocabulary.（1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰；（2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。
II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征)(1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements.(2)There are three classes of new literature:①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers);②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy);③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).（1）新文学是法国和盎格鲁-撒克逊因素的结合。
（2）新文学故事的类别包括：①取材于法国（查理曼大帝和他贵族们的故事）;②取材于希腊和罗马（亚历山大大帝和特洛伊毁灭的故事）;③取材于英格兰（亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事）。
III.Literary Terms(文学术语)1.The Romance(传奇文学)A.The Content of the Romance(传奇定义)Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.It was a long composition,sometimes in verse,sometimes in prose,describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The central character of romances was the knight,a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry.Typical work is Le Morte D’Arthur,a collection of stories about King Arthur,translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.传奇文学是封建英国最为盛行的文学体裁。
它一般是长篇作品，主要描述高尚的英雄的生平和冒险。
传奇的中心人物是骑士，骑士出身高贵并且善使武器。
骑士以其骑士精神著称。
传奇典型代表作是由托马斯·马洛里由法语翻译而来的《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王生平故事的选集。
B.The Romance Cycles(传奇分类)The romances are divided into such groups or cycles as the“matters of Britain”,“matters of France”and“matters of Rome”.The“matters of Britain”are about adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.The“matters of France”are of Emperor Charlemagne and his peers.The“matters of Rome”are about Alexander the Great and so forth.传奇可分为“英国类”，“法国类”和“罗马类”。
“英国类”传奇是关于亚瑟王和他的圆桌武士的冒险。
“法国类”是关于查理曼大帝和他的贵族们。
“罗马类”是关于亚历山大大帝。
C.The Class Nature of the Romance(传奇的阶级本质)The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances,as loyalty was the corner stone of feudal morality.The romances had nothing to do with the common people.They were composed for the noble,of the noble.对国王和统治者的忠诚是传奇中反复强调的主题，因为忠诚是封建道德的基石。
传奇与平民无关，传奇是由贵族而作也是为贵族而写的。
IV.Major Works(中世纪主要作品)◆Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》A.Content(简要内容)The story can be divided into three parts:challenge of the Green Knight;Gawain’s quest for the Green Knight in the forest;the meeting of the two in the Green Chapel and the hero’s temptations.故事可以分成三部分：绿衣骑士的战书；高文在森林里对绿衣骑士的请求；两人在绿色教堂的见面，高文受到各种诱惑。
B.Analysis of the Story(作品分析)Gawain is concerned with the rights and wrongs of conduct.It is a series of tests on loyalty, courage and chastity.Gawain’s concealment of the green gridle reveals that he values his own life more than his honesty.However,he ultmately confess and repent of his sin honorably; threreafter he voluntarily wears the girdle as a symbol of his sin.Though he survives the quest, Gawain recognizes the problematic nature of chivalry ideals for a person must above all remain conscious of his or her own mortality and weakness.The motif of the Green Knight’s head cutting might originated in ancient vegetation myth in which the beheading would have been a ritual death to ensure a rebirth in the following spring.There is a very clear structure in the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.The poem is told with the purpose of portraying ideal character in action,with a preference for irony,suggestion and implication,and morality in which the humor merges with the morally seriousness.高文是人们行为是非判断的导向。
故事讲述了一系列对忠诚、勇气及纯洁的考验。
高文隐瞒自己获得了绿腰带，揭示了比起诚实，他更在乎自己的生命。
然而他最终令人尊敬地坦白并悔过，自愿从此带上绿腰带作为罪过的象征。
尽管逃过一死，高文认识到骑士精神的理想终究不现实，因为一个人必须要先清楚自己的缺点和必有一死。
砍头的主题是源于古老的植物传说，树木要剪枝以确保在下一个春天的重生。
《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》的故事结构非常清晰。
这首诗目的在于刻画理想的角色，并且在阐述严肃道德问题时又不乏讽刺、暗指和幽默。
◆Le Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》Translated by Sir Thomas Malory from French,the legends of King Arthur are the foundation of Le Morte D’Arthur(first published in1485).Malory selected the most interesting parts,such as the adventures of the Knights of the Round Table,the quest of the Holy Grail,the death of Arthur, and the dissolution of the fellowship of the Knights of the Round Table.Malory treated the legends in the spirit of medieval knighthood and chivalry,and used simple,idiomatic English prose and told the stories in a vivid manner.经托马斯·马洛里由法语译成，《亚瑟王之死》（1485年首次出版）是基于亚瑟王的一生的传奇。