考研英语新题型中排序题
2020年研究生考试英语新题型排序题做题妙招
2020年考研英语新题型排序题做题妙招本文就来谈一下，如何备考考研英语新题型中的排序题，提高做题正确率。
根据考研大纲，排序题是在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7-8个）重新排序。
其中的2-3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
排序题强调的是对文章宏观结构和主题内容的把握，先从各段首尾句入手，重视首段作用，充分利用所给已知信息，便可以快速而正确地作答。
下面，我们具体看一下在做排序题时需要注意的几个地方。
1、选项的首、尾句每个自然段的段首和短尾必须给予足够的重视，因为段首或段尾的内容常常起到承上启下的作用。
段首一般承接上文，或是引出本段将要论述的问题。
段尾一般总结本段落内容，或是为下文要论述的问题作出暗示。
2、两个两个连我们可以把内容特别密切的段落进行优先排序，两个两个进行连接，最后再将它们进行整合，这样可以节约做题时间。
3、从首、尾句词汇意义、逻辑关系上入手以2011年考研真题为例， A选项段尾句Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.和C选项段首句Equally unsurprisingly,only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.有两个表述需要注意，这就是not surprisingly和equally unsurprisingly,它们在语义上是顺承的关系，段落主要内容都是人文学科专业化所产生的问题。
所以它们应该连在一起，而且是AC排序。
4、如何确定首段排序题最需注意首段，因为首段会告诉我们文章要谈论的内容。
但是，有时为了增加考试难度，首段的位置往往不会告知。
考研英语新题型历年真题大纲样题
新题型大纲样题一、七（六）选五Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) ________ Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.42) ________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.43) ________ There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.44) ________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45) ________.About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.[B]Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells havebeen preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 millionyears ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in thesea, and in the air.[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spreadover large areas of the world.[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived inthe sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.[F]When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams intolakes or the sea arid there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism maybe replaced byminerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced toa more stable form.二、排序题Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and Ihave absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it. [B] "Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of theirpaperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperiencedmen, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents, and other emergencies.[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as aperformance criterion. However, we know that's not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, andbecause they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F] "So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And Ihope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars foradministrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation — how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:三、信息匹配题Directions:You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.(10 points)The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional" resume — descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.It's handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested" tombstone "lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read — a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.41.Put yourself first:In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.42.Sell what you can do, not who you are:Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.Toot your own horn!Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch — if only you show it.43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!Remember that "brevity is the best policy."44.Turn bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.45.Never apologize:If you've returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don't apologize for working at being a mother; it's the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education.The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don't worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you've ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you've satisfied,send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.Isn't that the kind of person you'd want working for your?[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher's aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:"Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available."[B] One resume I received included the following: "Invited by my superior to straighten out ourorganization's accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward — all in 34 words.[C] For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have moneymanagement skills.[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to thestatement "Ready to learn though not so well educated".[E] One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order tofind out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She'd agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn't in her resume. She answered, "It wasn't important." What she was really saying of course was "I'm not important."四、小标题题Passage 1Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)[A] What to do as a student?[B] Various definitions of plagiarism[C] Ideas should always be sourced[D] Ignorance can be forgiven[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft[F] The consequences of plagiarismScholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is "the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another."41.The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.42.Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly.They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.43.Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.44.Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often donot know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography — are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although 'there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them," the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.45.The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.Passage 2Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about how to select a fund．Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41-45)．The first and last paragraph of the text are not numbered．There is one extra heading which you do not need to use．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)．A) Watching related expenses and making wise choice．B) Paying attention to detailsC) Weighing your financial goals and expectations firstD) Maintaining realistic expectationsE) Narrowing the SearchF) Not too specialEating better. Exercising. Investing. There are a lot of things you know should he doing. There problem is that getting started always seems to be the hardest pat. For many investors, mutual funds are a good way to go, but trying to sort through the number of available choices——now more than 1 0,000——makes this important task appear overwhelming Let’s look at some ways to cut that number down to a reasonable size, as well as other factors to consider when selecting your first fund．41.Before you begin examining potential investments, it’s important to take some time to access your own goals and risk tolerance. If you start with a clear objective in mind, as well as an understanding as to how you might react if your investment loses money, you’11 be less likely to purchase a fund that doesn’t fit your needs .And that’s what often leads it disappointment It is important to look for funds that are appropriate—ate for both your goals and your investment temperament．42.One way to begin your search for a good fund is to use the Momingstar stat rating. The rating is a useful tool for narrowing the field to funds that have done a good job of balancing return and risk in the past. To assign rating, Morningstar uses a formula that compares a fund’s risk—adjusted historical performance with that of other funds within four rating groups——domestic stock funds, international stock funds, taxable bond funds, and municipal bond funds．43.Funds that invest solely in a single market sectors, called specialty funds, often have impressive returns and may be great additions to a diversified portfolio. However, the success of such funds depends largely on the fortunes of a particular market sector. Hence, specialty funds probably aren’t the best way to start. For your first fund, look for a diversified stock fund that has exposure to different types of stocks．44.There’s no free lunch in fund investing：1n addition to the sales fees that some fund companies charge, fund investors must also pay management fees and trading cost. Unfortunately, you don’t necessarily get what you pay for—no one has ever shown that more expensive funds provide greater returns. Look for funds with reasonable costs. The expense ratio, which expresses annual costs as a percentage amount, is probably the best number to use when comparing mutual fund costs．45.Whatever the market does, try to take it in stride. You’re in for the long haul, so don’t worry about the market’s day—to—day gyrations. Relax and resist the temptation to monitor your first investment daily. Check in on your mutual funds once a month, and give your portfolio a thorough exam every 6 to 12 months. And consider adding to your fund each month. An automatic investment plan makes it a relatively painless process. Finally, remember that the ultimate measure of your Success as an investor depends not on your owning the best—performing mutual fund. Only one fund will be the top performer over the next decade, and there’s no way to predict which one it will be. Meeting your own financial goals should ultimately be the yardstick by which you measure your investment success．。
新题型英语一
新题型英语一
“新题型英语一”是指英语一科目中的新题型，常见于考研英语中。
考研英语一中的新题型有七选五、选小标题、排序题三种，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
七选五：给出一段300词左右的文章，其中留出五个空格，要求考生从给出的七个选项中选出五个填入文章的空格处。
主要测试学生对文章整体内容和结构的把握。
选小标题：给出一段300词左右的文章，要求从所给的四个选项中选择一个最符合文章内容的标题。
主要测试学生对文章主旨的理解。
排序题：将一篇300词左右的文章的原有顺序打乱，按照事件发生的先后重新排序，要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序选出正确的排序方式。
主要测试学生对文章中事件发生顺序的理解。
如果需要更多关于“新题型英语一”的资料，可以购买相关辅导书或查阅相关网课资源。
最新考研英语一新题型排序题
考研英语一新题型排序题Passage 1Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] Subscription has proved by far the best way of paying for high quality television. Advertising veers up and down with the economic cycle, and can be skipped by using digital video recorders. And any outfit that depends on advertising is liable to worry more about offending advertisers than about pleasing viewers. V oluntary subscription is also preferable to the compulsory, universal variety that pays for the BBC and other European public broadcasters. A broadcaster supported by a tax on everyone must try to please everyone. And a government can starve public broadcasters of money, too—as the BBC is painfully learning.[B] What began as an interesting experiment has become the standard way of supporting high quality programming. Most of the great television dramas that are watched in America and around the world appear first on pay TV channels. Having shown others how to make gangster dramas with “The Sopranos”, HBO is laying down the standard for fantasy with “Game of Thrones”. Other pay TV channels havedelved into 1960s advertis ing (“Mad Men”), drug dealing (“Breaking Bad”) and Renaissance court society (“The Borgias”). Pay TV firms outside America, like Britain s BSkyB, are beginning to pour money into original series. Talent is drifting to pay television, in part because there are fewer appealing roles in film. Meanwhile, broadcast networks have retreated into a safe zone of sitcoms, police procedurals and singing competitions.[C] But pay television is now under threat, especially in America. Prices have been driven so high at a time of economic malaise that many people simply cannot afford it. Disruptive, deep pocketed firms like Amazon and Netflix lurk, whispering promises of internet delivered films and television shows for little or no money. Whether the lure of such alternatives or poverty is what is causing people to cancel their subscriptions is not clear. But the proportion of Americans who pay for TV is falling. Other countries may follow.[D] Pay TV executives argue that people will always find ways of paying for their wares, perhaps by cutting back on cinema tickets or bottled water. That notion seems increasingly hopeful. Every month it appears more likely that the pay TV system will break down. The era of ever growing channel choice is coming to an end; cable and satellite distributors will begin to prune the least popular ones. They may push “best of basic” packages, offering the most desirable channels—andperhaps leaving out sport. In the most disruptive scenario, no longer unimaginable, pay TV would become a free for all, with channels hawking themselves directly to consumers, perhaps sending their content over the internet. How can media firms survive in such a world?[E] Fifteen years ago nearly all the television shows that excited critics and won awards appeared on free broadcast channels. Pay television (or, as many Americans call it, “cable”) was the domain of repeats, music videos and televangelists. Then HBO, a subscription outfit mostly known for boxing and films, decided to try its hand at hour long dramas.[F] But television as a whole should emerge stronger. If people buy individual channels rather than a huge bundle, they will have to think about what they really value—the more so because each channel will cost more than it does at present. Media firms will improve their game in response. The activity that diverts the average American for some four and a half hours each day should become more gripping, not less.[G] It won t be easy. They will have to start marketing heavily: at present the pay TV distributors do that for them. They must produce much more of their own programming. Repeats and old films lose their appeal in a world in which consumers can instantly call up vast archives. If they are to sell directly to the audience they will have to become technology firms, building apps and much slicker websites than they havenow, which anticipate what customers might want to watch.1→2→A→3→D→4→5Passage 2Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs D and E have been correctly placed.[A] For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Book publishing resembles the newspaper business in the late 1990s, or music in the early 2000s. Although revenues are fairly stable, and the traditional route is still the only way to launch a blockbuster, the climate is changing. Some of the publishers functions—packaging books and promoting them to shops—are becoming obsolete. Algorithms and online recommendations threaten to replace them as arbiters of quality. The tide of self published books threatens to swamp their products. As bookshops close, they lose a crucial showcase. And they face, as the record companies did, a near monopoly controlling digital distribution: Amazon’s grip over the ebook market is much like Apple’s control of music downloads.[B] They also need to become more efficient. Digital books can be distributed globally, but publishers persist in dividing the world into territories with separate editorial staffs. In the digital age it is daft to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their wares from self published dross, they must get better atchoosing books, honing ideas and polishing copy. If publishers are to hold readers’attention they must tell a better story—and edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.[C] For readers, this is splendid. Just as Amazon collapsed distance by bringing a huge range of books to out of the way places, it is now collapsing time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, anybody can now publish a book, through Amazon and a number of other services.[D] During the next few weeks publishers will release a crush of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables at the front of bookshops in the run up to Christmas. It is an impressive display of competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.[E] Yet there are still two important jobs for publishers. They act as the venture capitalists of the words business, advancing money to authors of worthwhile books that might not be written otherwise. And they are editors, picking good books and improving them. So it would be good, not just for their shareholders but also for intellectual life, if they survived.[F] More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e books are emerging as a serious alternative to the paper kind. Amazon, comfortably the biggest e book retailer, has lowered the price of its Kindlee readers to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one fifth of the largest publishers sales are of e books. Newly released blockbusters may sell as many digital copies as paper ones. The proportion is growing quickly, not least because many bookshops are closing.[G] They are doing some things right. Having watched the record companies impotence after Apple wrested control of music pricing from them, the publishers have managed to retain their ability to set prices. But they are missing some tricks. The music and film industries have started to bundle electronic with physical versions of their products—by, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the internet. Publishers, similarly, should bundle e books with paper books.D→1→2→3→E→4→5Passage 3Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.[A] Fifteen years ago Vincent Bolloré, a French industrialist, decided to get into the business of electricity storage. He started a project to produce rechargeable batteries in two small rooms of his family mansion in Brittany. “I asked him, ‘what are you doing? and I told him to stop,that it wouldn t go anywhere,” says Alain Minc, a business consultant in Paris who has advised Mr Bolloré for many years. Fortunately, he says, Mr Bolloré continued.[B] The real aim for Mr Bolloré, however, is to showcase his battery technology. His group has developed a type of rechargeable cell, called a lithium metal polymer (LMP) battery. This is different from the lithium ion batteries used by most of the car industry. Mr Bollorébelieves fervently that his batteries are superior, mainly because they are safer. Lithium ion batteries can explode if they overheat—which in the past happened in some laptops. Carmakers incorporate safety features to prevent the batterys cells from overheating.[C] The city of Paris will cover most of the cost of the stations, but Mr Bolloré will pay an estimated 105m to supply his design of “Bluecar” vehicles and their batteries. He will bear a further 80m a year in running costs. The city s estimates for how popular the new service will be are highly optimistic, said a recent study by the government. Autolib could make 33ma year for Mr Bolloré, according to the study, but it could easily just breakeven or lose as much as 60mannually. Autolib will also be the first time the group has operated in a big consumer facing business where it will be held directly responsible for problems such as vandalism or breakdowns.[D] Going up against the rest of the car industry may seem quixotic.Before he won Autolib, Mr Bolloré says, people may well have thought he and his team were mad to venture into such a new area. But they underestimated his group s knowledge of electricity storage, he maintains. And if the growing number of electric cars on the road does lead to safety concerns over batteries, then Mr Bollorés LMP technology could move from the margin to the mainstream—provided, of course, they pass their test on the streets of Paris.[E] “Being a family company means we can invest for the long term,” says Mr Bolloré, who has spent 1.5 billion on battery development since 1996. Most of his group s money comes from transport and logistics, with a strong position in Africa, and from petrol distribution in France. Mr Bolloré has also made billions from financial investments such as in Rue Imperiale, a holding company. Autolib will be keenly watched throughout the car industry. It is the first large scale city car sharing service to use only electric vehicles from the outset; a scheme in Ulm in Germany, by contrast, started with diesel vehicles. Running Autolib could mean shouldering substantial losses for the BolloréGroup. Mr Bolloréwas not expected to win the contract, but did so mainly because he offered low rental charges for drivers.[F] Mr Bollorés LMP batteries are said to be more stable when being charged and discharged, which is when batteries come under most strain. Just two European carmakers have seen the batteries, which aremade only by the Bolloré Group. One car industry executive says that though the LMP technology is attractive from a safety point of view, the batteries have to be heated up to function—which takes power and makes them less convenient to use.[G] Mr Bollorés technology is about to hit the road. In his group won a contract to run Autolib, a car sharing scheme designed by Bertrand Delan e, the mayor of Paris, which will put 3,000 electric vehicles on the city s streets along with 1,120 stations for parking and recharging. Construction of the stations started in the summer, and Mr Bolloré will begin testing the service on October 1st before opening it to the public in December. Rechargeable batteries are now an important technology for the global car industry as it starts to make ever more electric and hybrid vehicles. Renault, a French manufacturer, is alone investing 4 billion ($5.6 billion) in a range of electric models which it will start selling this autumn. Many producers will unveil new electric vehicles next week when the Frankfurt Motor Show opens.1→2→3→C→4→F→5Passage 4Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] The contest has been held in anticipation of a new era of pylonbuilding. By XX, a quarter of the country s current generating capacity will need replacing; the government hopes the new supply will come from renewable sources such as onshore and offshore wind farms. Today s offshore capacity is just 7% of ministers targets for the end of the decade—and all of the new generation out to sea will need to land transmission cables ashore. The existing electricity grid is in the wrong place for many of these new sources of power. That creates a paradox: trying to save the world by cutting carbon emissions means scarring particular bits of it by dragging new power lines through scenic countryside.[B] This is an old problem. The launch of Britain s national electricity grid in 1933 was decried for desecrating the landscape. More recently, the location of wind farms has prompted similar debates. The difficulty with pylons is that they go everywhere. Scotland has had nearly five years of disputes over the planned 600pylon upgrade of a transmission line running from Beauly in the Highlands to the central belt where more electricity is used. The same clashes will now play out in England and Wales. A new planning commission was set up in 2009 to speed up the glacial pace of infrastructure decision making. But weighing economic demands against beauty remains a thorny and potentially time-consuming job.[C] Opponents of towering pylons say the answer is to bury powerlines: at present only 950km of Britain s 13,000km of high voltage cable runs underground, most of it in urban areas. But sinking wires, which means clearing a corridor 17m to 40m wide and cannot be done in all terrains, ca rries an environmental toll too. “You are effectively sterilising land use in the area,” says Richard Smith of National Grid; no planting, digging or building is allowed. That makes installing subsurface cables 12 to 17 times as pricey as overhead lines, according to National Grid (they also need replacing sooner). Since consumers pay for this through their electricity bills, everyone would have to fork out to protect the views and house prices of a few people.[D] So finding a new shape for pylons may be only one aspect of the coming power rows. But it will be a tricky one. Typically the best designs combine elegance with utility. Yet rather than being a feature in itself, the optimal pylon blends in with nature. That s a tough task for 20 tons of steel, however impressively shaped.[E] The skeletal, lattice design of Britain s electricity pylons has changed little since the first one was raised in 1928. Many countries have copied these “striding steel sentries”, as the poet Stephen Spender called them; more than 88,000 now march across the country s intermittently green and pleasant land.[F] Now six new models are vying to replace these familiar steel towers. The finalists in a government sponsored competition to design anew pylon include a single shard spiking into the sky and an arced, open bow. After a winner is picked in October, National Grid, which runs the electricity transmission network, will decide whether to construct it.[G] But the price of despoiling pretty scenery is hard to calculate. The risk is that the cost of damaging the landscape is ignored because it is not ascribed a monetary value, says Steve Albon, co author of a government commissioned report on how much the natural environment contributes to Britain s economy. As yet, though, no one has found an easy or accepted measure of this worth to help make decisions.1→2→A→3→4→5→DPassage 5Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and E have been correctly placed.[A] Nor can it buy companies as freely as postal services in Europe, Canada or Asia have been doing for the past decade. Many European countries, as well as New Zealand and Japan, have already privatised or liberalised their postal services. Combined, foreign posts now get most of their revenue from new businesses such as retailing or banking for consumers, or warehousing and logistics for companies.[B] THE US Postal Service has an unofficial creed that harks back toHerodotus, who was admiring the Persian Empire s stalwart messengers. Its own history is impressive too, dating to a royal license by William and Mary in 1692, and including Benjamin Franklin as a notable postmaster, both for the crownand then for the newly independent country. Ever since, the post has existed “to bind the Nation together”.[C] Quasi independent since 1970, the post gets no public money. And yet it is obliged (as FedEx and UPS are not) to visit every mailbox, no matter how remote, six days a week. This has driven the average cost of each piece of mail up from 34 cents in 2006 to 41 cents. Yet the post is not allowed to raise prices (of stamps and such) willy nilly; a 2006 law set formulas for that. So in effect, the post cannot control either its costs or its revenues.[D] So America s post is looking for other solutions. It is planning to close post offices; up to 3,653, out of about 32,000. This month it announced plans to lay off another 120,000 workers by , having already bidden adieu to some 110,000 over the past four years (for a total of about 560,000 now). It also wants to fiddle with its workers pensions and health care.[E] Ultimately, says Mr Donahoe, the post will have to stop delivering mail on Saturdays. Then perhaps on other days too. The post has survived new technologies before, he points out. “In 1910, we owned the most horses, by 1920 we owned the most vehicles.” But the internet just mightsend it the way of the pony express.[F] But as ever more Americans go online instead of sending paper, the volume of mail has been plummeting. The decline is steeper than even pessimists expected a decade ago, says Patrick Donahoe, the current postmaster general. Worse, because the post must deliver to every address in the country—about 150m, with some 1.4m additions every year—costs are simultaneously going up. As a result, the post has lost $20 billion in the last four years and expects to lose another $8 billion this fiscal year.[G] And although the recession made everything worse, the internet is the main culprit. As Christmas cards have gone online (and “green”), so have bills. In 2000, 5% of Americans paid utilities online. Last year 55% did, and eventually everybody will, says Mr Donahoe. Photos now go on Facebook, magazines come on iPads. Already, at least for Americans under a certain age, the post delivers only bad news or nuisances, from jury summonses to junk mail. Pleasant deliveries probably arrive by a parcel service such as UPS or FedEx.1→2→3→C→4→5→E。
考研英语排序题真题答案
考研英语排序题真题答案在考研英语阅读理解部分，排序题要求考生根据文章的逻辑顺序，将打乱的段落重新排列。
以下是一篇排序题的真题及答案解析：原文段落：A. However, the majority of the population still relies on traditional methods for their daily transportation.B. In recent years, the use of electric vehicles has become increasingly popular.C. The introduction of electric buses has significantly reduced the carbon footprint in some cities.D. Despite the advancement in technology, there has been a slow adoption of electric vehicles.E. The government has been promoting the use of electric vehicles through various incentives.F. The transition from traditional to electric vehicles is not without its challenges.正确排序：B, E, C, D, A, F答案解析：1. B - 段落B作为开头，引出主题，即近年来电动车的流行。
2. E - 段落E紧接着B，说明政府如何通过激励措施来推广电动车的使用。
3. C - 段落C进一步阐述了电动车带来的积极影响，即减少碳足迹。
4. D - 段落D转折，指出尽管技术进步，但电动车的普及仍然缓慢。
5. A - 段落A进一步解释了D中提到的慢速普及的原因，即大多数人仍然依赖传统交通方式。
英语考研排序题真题及答案
英语考研排序题真题及答案英语考研的排序题是一种常见的题型，它要求考生根据给定的段落或句子，将其正确地排序，以恢复文章的逻辑顺序。
这类题目考察考生对英语文章结构、逻辑关系以及上下文连贯性的理解能力。
真题示例：1. A. However, the new findings suggest that the impact ofthe virus on the brain is not as severe as previously thought.2. B. But the researchers also found that the virus can cause some damage to the brain.3. C. The latest study on the virus has revealed some interesting results.4. D. In fact, the virus can cause no damage to the brain at all.5. E. This is a significant discovery because it changes our understanding of the virus's effects.答案：3-B-A-E-D解析：- 首先，C句作为首句，引出了研究的主题，因此是第一句。
- 接着，B句中的"but"表明它与前文有转折关系，而A句中的"However"与"the new findings"呼应，说明B和A是紧密相连的，且B在A之前。
- E句中的"This is a significant discovery"是对前文的总结，因此它应该在A句之后。
- 最后，D句中的"In fact"进一步强调了E句中的发现，所以D是最后一句。
2020考研英语新题型之排序题得分之道
2020考研英语新题型之排序题得分之道新题型，即阅读理解B节，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
在英语一中具体可分为三种备选题型：完型填句/段、段落排序题、小标题题。
每次考试自备选题型中选取一种进行考查。
新题型在考研英语中比较特别，与传统阅读的解题方法相比，其解题策略更加灵活，所以需要同学们掌握一定的方法。
今天就跟随老师一起学习排序题的解题方法，希望能帮助大家在最后的冲刺阶段快速提分。
1、给出首段的排序题按照首尾呼应的原则，依次排出其他段落。
排的过程中，可以从已知段落切入，找与它衔接紧密的段落，可依据已知段首句往上定位，或依据前面自己推出的段落向下排；如果遇到明显的衔接词，可以根据这些衔接词做排除；做不到一次性排出来，可以先进行组块，有些段一看就觉得应该一个前一个后，就可以先确定它们的连贯关系；利用原词复现/近义复现等现象，比如上段提到某个单词或短语，这个单词或短语再次出现的话基本上就排在其后面。
排完之后要检验，顺读一遍，看思路对不对，每篇文章都有其脉络走向，比如提出问题/分析问题/解决问题，这是一种思路，按某种思路去检验，读不通可能就是填错了。
2、未给出首段的排序题首先排首段，再重复上面的方法。
排首段其实比较容易，因为第一段一般不会转折，不会举例，不会出现代词等，一般也不含有最高级、第一或最后意思的词语，因为首段没有比较的对象。
[A] “I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challengingbecause it isn't—it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.”[B] “Finally, I can't say to them th at their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they knew it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.”[C] “I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the for ce as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.”[D] “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”[E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.”[F] “So I just don't know what to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic tobe discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G→ 41. → 42. →43. → 44. → 45. → F答案详解41. 【解析】[C] 按照答题步骤，我们首先应当对已知信息进行研读，即阅读首尾段，归纳语篇的基本结构，找出答题的线索。
考研英语新题型排序题技巧
排序题是4个新题型中相对比较难的一种，它着重考查考生对文章内部结构和逻辑关系的把握程度。
此类题型主要考查文章的逻辑关系，对于考生从整个文章结构上把握写作脉络的能力要求比较高。
总结以下几点为同学们解答和练习此类题目一个启发。
(1) 解题步骤A. 第一步：阅读已经固定的段落。
通过阅读已知段就可以判断其前后的内容，需要注意的是如果首段是未知段一定要先确定出首段，而首段一般用排除法便可做出，因为文章的首段一般会指出文章需要论述的问题，进而顺藤摸瓜，找出下段。
还要注意将已经确定的两个选项从卷子上划去，防止引起不必要的混乱；如果固定段落没有首段，那么就要阅读选项后选出首段，然后结合已知段落来确定全文大意和大致结构。
B。
第二步：阅读选项，并用笔在每个选项下方标注本选项的中文意思(大概意思就可以)，从而明确整个文章的大致内容，了解各个选项之间的内在逻辑关系；C。
第三步：确定语篇模式，排列各个选项的顺序；D。
第四步：把自己已经选好的顺序带进文章里检查答案是否合理。
(2) 解题方法①文章结构解题法因为阅读理解的文章全部是议论文或说明文，这就决定了这些文章本身的叙述和展开方式，弄清楚这些文章的结构自然在选择答案时就简单了许多：A。
问题解答型：此类文章，一般采用原因性结构，然后分析其成因，包括主观的、客观的、直接的、间接的等。
那么文章的首段应该是提出问题，接下来就是具体的原因；原因也应该有相应的次序，考生可以自己判断进行选择。
B。
现象解释型：此类文章，一般采用释义性结构，解释某一事物、现象、科学理论等，通常用举例子、打比方等方法来进行阐述论证。
这种文章首段一般是摆明现象，然后进行解释和阐述。
C。
结论说明型：此类文章，一般采用比较性结构，把人或事物的功能、特点等进行比较从而引出一个结论。
这种文章对比性比较强，那么肯定是一方面一方面地进行比较，考生要分清这种不同进行排序。
D。
新老观点型：此类文章，一般采用驳斥性结构，通常这样的文章会先阐述说明一个观点，然后对这个观点进行驳斥，再进一步分析这个观点的正负面，最后阐明自己的观点。
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考研英语新题型中排序题——将一篇各段落顺序被打乱的文章进行重新排序，要求考生对文章逻辑结构有很强的把握能力，是相对难的一道阅读理解题目。
但其中也是有规律可循的，文章中是按照一定的逻辑关系叙述的，或者是依照事件发展的先后顺序，或者是按照因果顺序、递进关系、转折关系、解释关系、例证关系、定义关系等等，这些都可以通过一些关键词可以看出来的，主要有以下几种：
A. 因果关系：标志词汇有for, because, since, therefore等;
B.转折关系：标志词汇有but, yet, although, however, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead等;
C.并列递进关系：标志词汇有and, indeed, also, besides, similarly, like, accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile, furthermore, moreover等;
D.解释关系：标志词汇有that is, that is to say, for example, such as, namely, in other words等;
熟悉表示不同逻辑关系的词语后，考生就可以在掌握各段落大意的前提下，根据这些细节词语来推断彼此之间的关系，然后进行排序。
对整篇文章的结构了解以后，再掌握各段落的大意，那么整篇文章大概在叙述什么也就清楚了，摸清了文章脉络，接下来就好比一个拼图的过程。
总之，这类题的做法是从文章的整体出发，抓住细节，回到整体。
那么怎样来复习这种题型呢?
熟能生巧。
只有大量练习，才能掌握命题的规律。
考研英语中的新题型，只是给题目换了件“外衣”，即考查用英文包装了的语文排序题。
一旦平时训练中，掌握了这种题的解题思路和命题特点，只要注意文章作者的英式思维方式就可以了。
也就是说他们逻辑、思维习惯和我们的不同。
没有其他的办法，就是要大量做题，从中逐渐掌握规律。
其次，阅读理解的文章全部是议论文或说明文，这就决定了这些文章本身的叙述和展开方式，弄清楚这些文章的结构自然在选择答案时就简单了许多。
而文章结构大致可以概括出以下几点：
1. 把人或事物的功能、特点等进行比较从而引出一个结论。
这种文章对比性比较强，那么肯定是一方面一方面地进行比较，考生要分清这种不同进行排序。
2.通常这样的文章会先阐述说明一个观点，然后对这个观点进行驳斥，再进一步分析这个观点的正负面，最后阐明自己的观点。
考生就要根据这种先后关系进行推断、排序。
3.文章的首段应该是提出问题，接下来就是具体的原因;原因也应该有相应的次序，考生可以自己判断进行选择;也有一类文章，通常用举例子或者打比方等方法来进行阐述论证。
4.采用释义性结构，解释某一事物、现象、科学理论等，通常用举例子、打比方等方法来进行阐述论证。
这种文章首段一般是摆明现象，然后进行解释和阐述。