高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅢGrammar_虚拟语气1)教学案外研版选修
高中英语2025届高考语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法和情况
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法和情况虚拟语气是英语中的一种特殊语气，用于表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与说话人的愿望、建议、命令等相反的假设情况。
在高中英语学习中，掌握虚拟语气的正确用法对于理解和准确表达意思至关重要。
本文将归纳总结高中英语中虚拟语气的用法和情况。
一、虚拟语气的基本情况1. 过去虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）过去虚拟语气用于表示与现在事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：If I were you, I would study harder.如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
2. 现在虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）现在虚拟语气用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：I wish I lived in a big city.我希望我住在一个大城市。
3. 将来虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）将来虚拟语气用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。
二、虚拟语气的具体用法1. 虚拟条件语句虚拟条件语句用于表示与现实相反的条件情况。
例如：If she were here, she would help you.如果她在这里，她会帮助你。
2. 虚拟愿望语句虚拟愿望语句用于表达对于现在或将来不可能实现的愿望。
例如：I wish I had more free time.我希望我有更多的空闲时间。
3. 虚拟建议语句虚拟建议语句用于表示对于过去的事情提出建议。
例如：I wish you had listened to me earlier.我希望你早点听我的话。
4. 虚拟命令语句虚拟命令语句用于表示对于过去的事情给出命令或要求。
例如：I demanded that he apologize immediately.我要求他立即道歉。
高中英语Module 5 Cloning 优秀课件1
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用： 主语 + would+ have + 完成进行式动词 +……
1.他们要是在这里，他就会一直和他们 说话。 If they had been here, he would have been
四. 从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句 中的动词 (were, had, should)就得移到 主语前面：
If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it.
If he had tried it, he could have done it. 去If: Had he tried it, he could have done it.
3. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来： 如果之前我们没有做出大量的准备， 我们就不敢下周做这个实验。 If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week.
4. 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
如果我们今天下午没有考试的话， 我现在就去购物。 If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
Summary
If
现在 过去 将来
If 从句
主句
should/would/ 过去时 could/might +V
高中英语——虚拟语气语法讲解
高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解
高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用
虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。
首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。
这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。
If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.
如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。
如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。
If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的。
英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳
英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳虚拟语气（Subjunctive mood）是英语中一种特殊的语气形式，用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等非真实情况。
虚拟语气在句子中通常与动词的调整和语法结构上的变化相关。
以下是对虚拟语气的语法知识的总结归纳：1.条件句中的虚拟语气：1.1 条件句中表示对现在的假设：使用虚拟语气的一般公式是：if + 主语 + 过去式，主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
例如：- If I were you, I would go to the meeting.（如果我是你，我会去开会。
）注意，这里的"were"是一个特殊的虚拟语气形式，用于所有人称和数。
- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.（如果她努力学习，她可能会通过考试。
）1.2 条件句中表示对过去的假设：使用虚拟语气的一般公式是：if + 主语 + 过去完成时，主句使用would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词。
例如：- If I had known it, I would have told you.（如果我知道了，我会告诉你的。
）- If she had arrived earlier, she might have caught the bus.（如果她早点到，她可能会赶上公共汽车。
）2.虚拟条件句中的特殊情况：2.1 在虚拟条件句中表示命令、建议时，主句中的动词可以使用动词原形（而不是would/could/should/might + 动词原形）。
例如：- If you have any questions, please let me know.（如果你有任何问题，请告诉我。
）- If I were you, I would take a break.（如果我是你，我会休息一下。
18学年高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅢGrammar_虚拟语气1)课件外研版61801251264
过去完成时
一般过去时(be用were) should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形
实相反
＋动词原形
If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反) If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的礼服。 (与 现在事实相反) If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train. 如果你早点起床， 你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反) If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]
若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则
不能用动词的缩略形式。 我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。
二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式 1．省略 if 的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句中若含有 were, had 或 should，可以把 if 省略，把 were, had 或 should 提到句首，构成部分倒装。 Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall. 要是明天是星期日， 我们就能去长城了。 Had I taken my father's suggestion, I would have done it better. 如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。 Should it rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off. 如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。
Module 5 语法 虚拟语气
Module 5 语法虚拟语气英语中有两种条件句, 真实条件句和非真实条件句.真实条件句表示提出的假设完全能够成为事实, 谓语动词用陈述语气.非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性极小与事实相反, 谓语动词用虚拟语气. 虚拟语气也能够表示愿望,请求及建议等.条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。
如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是"真实条件句"。
如：If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为"虚拟条件句"。
如：If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）关于"虚拟条件句"的一些句型。
这种句子一般由"从句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)组成。
如上例：If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home."If it had rained yesterday" 就是"从句"；"we would have stayed at home" 则为"主句。
句型：一. 与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内)：从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……1. If I were you, I would go with him.(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)2. If I were you, I should buy it.(从句用过去式动词were，主句用should+ buy)3. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。
2017-2018外研版高中英语选修六课件：Module 5 Cloning Period 3 精品
1.wish 的虚拟语气
(2015·陕西)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. 艾伦是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。我希望我能跳得 和她一样好。 (2015·天津)I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我 希望上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼,但那时我在纽约出差。
.
5.I didn’t play basketball with Mark. →I wish
. 6.Angela spent all her money. →Angela wishes
.
【答案】1.that you could fly 2.that it didn’t rain so much in England 3.that there were not so many people 4.that I didn’t have to work tonight 5.that I had played basketball with Mark 6.that she had not spent all her money
条件从句用“should / were to + 动词原形或过去式(be 的过去 式用 were)”,主句用“would / should / might / could + 动 词原形”。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.如果下雨, 这些庄稼就可以救活了。 If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果他明天不来,我们就把会议推迟 到下周一。 注意:if 还可以引导真实条件句,此时要用一般现在时表示将来。 If it rains tomorrow, I will not come to work.如果明天下 雨,我就不来上班了。
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Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅲ Grammar-虚拟语气（1)语法图解探究发现①If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?②If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so wonderful.③If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved.④Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.⑤Were she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.⑥Should I have time, I would call on her.⑦If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.⑧If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.⑨But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.⑩She wasn't feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early.[我的发现](1)①②③句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。
(2)④⑤⑥句为省略if的虚拟条件句。
(3)⑦⑧句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。
(4)⑨⑩句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语but_for或副词otherwise等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might ＋动词原形要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
(与现在事实相反)If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter.如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的礼服。
(与现在事实相反)If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。
(与过去事实相反)If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。
(与将来事实相反)[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空①If I had enough money now, I would_buy (buy) a car.②If we had_driven (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.③If it were_to_snow (snow) tomorrow, we would take photos.二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1．省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中若含有were, had或should，可以把if省略，把were, had或should 提到句首，构成部分倒装。
Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。
Had I taken my father's suggestion, I would have done it better.如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。
Should it rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off.如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。
[名师点津] 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。
我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。
[即时演练2] 句型转换①If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.→Hadyougone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.②If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.→HadIknown your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.③If it should rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days.→Shoulditrain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days.2．错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If you had prepared in advance, you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。
(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)If I were you, I would have gone to his birthday party yesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。
(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空①If you had_listened (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.②If I were (be) you, I would have planted some trees round the house.③If you had_stuck (stick) your own dream before, your life would_be (be) different today.3．含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。
(1)用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件。
But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
There was a traffic jam on the way, otherwise I would have arrived an hour ago.路上堵车，要不然我一小时前就到了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。
I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。
[即时演练4](1)选词填空：otherwise, or①I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meeting.②He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.(2)一句多译如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。
①Iftherewerenowar in the world, people would live a happier life.②Weretherenowar in the world, people would live a happier life.③Withoutwar in the world, people would live a happier life.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．If they were (be) here, they would help you.2．If we had_started (start) earlier, we should not_have_missed (not miss) the bus this morning.3．If I were you, I wouldn't_have_missed (miss) the film last night.4．If you succeeded (succeed), everything would be all right.5．If she hadn't_been (not be) ill, she might have come.6．If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could_ask (ask) him some questions.7．If you had listened to the doctor, you would_be (be) all right now.8．Should you need more information, please let me know.9．Were he to leave tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.10．Without water, there would be no life on the earth.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Had you been there at that time, it_would_have_been_much_better.如果你当时在那里就好多了。