新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit 7 Culture
新编大学英语BookIUnit7教案
新编大学英语BookIUnit7教案Unit Seven Choices in LifeUseful InformationEach day we all make many choices; most of these choices are small---what to wear, what to eat, what to do with any leisure time we might happen to have, to name just a few, still, there are many important choices that we make in life---which university to attend, what to study, what type of job to seek, whom to marry, etc. Sometimes we may become tired of making choices, but we always know that we will continue to make them as long as we live, because that is better than having them made for us. We may sometimes ask for advice about a choice we must make, but ultimately most of the decisions as to which choices are best will be made by ourselves, both important an unimportant. We also know that we will undoubtedly have to suffer the consequences of making poor choices and that we will often rejoice in the many fortunate choices we make. It is not surprising that one of the most common old sayings in English is, “you pay your money and make your choices”, me aning that you can do what you want to when it comes to making a choice but then you will have to live with the outcome.Many writers have written about the important of choices throughout our lives. One of the most popular and beloved poems in the Engl ish language has “choice” as its subject matter. In this poem, “The Read Not Taken”, Robert Frost describes walking along a path through the woods and coming to a fork in the path. He must choose which fork to take, that is, which way to go, knowing that he will probably never be able to come back and try the other way. He ends his poems by saying,“I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.” T his poem is seen as a metaphor for the important choices in life which do, indeed, make “all the difference” for us. In Frost’s case, the choice is often interpreted as his choice of career, to take the risk of becoming a poet, knowing that thousands of poets never really succeed.Some choices bring risk with them. “Risk” may be defined as “the possibility of loss or injury”. In this sense, we may want to avoid taking a risk, but sometimes it is necessary to do so if we are to move forward and develop ourselves to our full potential. As Boris Pasternak the 20th century Russian Nobel prize-winning writer stated, “Art is unthinkable without risk.” Also, the American psychologist William James wrote, “It is only by risking our persons from one hour to another that we live at all”, stressing that in order to have to have a full life we must take r isks. He stated further that “There if no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision”, stressing that we must constantly make decisi ons which, of necessity, involve choice and risk if we are to lead full and happy lives.We may all think of the term “risk” in different ways, but it can be interesting to come to a decision as to what we mean by “risk” and then think about the important choices and/or risks that have thus far been involved in our lives.Part One Preparation1. Decision MakingMany decisions:(1) choose a good wife/ husband.(2) Find a well-paid and suitable job.(3) Choose a good university and appropriate major.(4) Choose what kind of people to make friends with.(5) Choose what to eat on a day-to-day basis.(6) Should I skip the English class since I’m not feeling well today?(7) Should I go to school by bike or on foot.(8) Where should I study tonight, in the dorm or classroom?2. Some phrases and expressionsrange from…to… from…to… plan to do sth.manage to do sth pick…up get ready forcomplain about break down yell atstop…from… have a meal pay forask…to do sth soap opera turn upin a…voice leave for turn offtake out insist on day and nightreport…to… plead with(恳求)…not to do sthoffer to do sth get admission to some placedream about in this way give uphave more trust in sb sacrifice…for… pull through(度过难关) Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesNew words and expressions1.expression1)verbalization; articulation(表示，表达)e.g. The scenery was beautiful beyond expression.2)appearance(神色，表情)e.g. “I don’t understand,” he said, with an expression of complete surprise on hisface.3)meaning, feeling(感情)e.g. She puts great expression into her violin playing.4)statement(陈述)e.g. “shut up” is not a polite expression./doc/4c3214456.html,ed to和be used toused to意思为：过去常常……,后跟原形动词.e.g. I used to live in London.People used to burn candles in order to get light.人们在过去常点蜡烛用来照明。
新编大学英语第二册1-7单元课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元善良之心，久久相依当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯• J •布洛克1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。
他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。
我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。
对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。
他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。
2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。
因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。
但出发时，他总是说：“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。
”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往，这是他上班的必由之路。
不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。
即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。
对他来说这是一种自豪。
4 当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。
这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。
一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。
曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。
5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。
他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。
6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。
他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。
如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。
7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。
但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。
8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。
当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。
他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。
他喜欢参加舞会和聚会，就是坐在一旁观看，也很开心。
大学英语综合教程2unit7教案
#### 教学目标1. 知识目标：- 理解本单元主题：工作与职业规划。
- 掌握本单元重点词汇和短语。
- 学习与工作相关的语法结构。
2. 能力目标：- 提高阅读理解能力，学会从文章中获取关键信息。
- 培养写作能力，学会撰写求职信和简历。
- 提升口语表达能力，学会面试技巧。
3. 情感目标：- 激发学生对未来职业规划的兴趣。
- 培养学生积极面对挑战、追求卓越的品质。
#### 教学重点与难点教学重点：1. 词汇：job title, resume, interview, cover letter, career planning 等。
2. 语法：过去完成时、条件句、被动语态等。
3. 写作：求职信和简历的撰写。
教学难点：1. 求职信和简历的格式及内容。
2. 面试技巧和应对策略。
#### 教学过程一、导入新课（5分钟）1. 老师提问：同学们，你们对未来的职业规划有什么想法？2. 学生分享自己的职业规划，教师总结并引出本单元主题：工作与职业规划。
二、词汇学习（15分钟）1. 老师展示本单元重点词汇和短语，带领学生朗读并解释其含义。
2. 学生分组，用新学的词汇进行句子接龙游戏。
三、阅读理解（20分钟）1. 老师分发阅读材料，学生自主阅读并回答问题。
2. 学生分组讨论，分享自己的理解，教师点评并总结。
四、写作训练（20分钟）1. 老师讲解求职信和简历的撰写方法，并给出范例。
2. 学生分组，根据要求撰写求职信和简历。
3. 教师点评学生的作品，指出优点和不足。
五、口语表达（15分钟）1. 老师讲解面试技巧，如自我介绍、回答问题等。
2. 学生分组进行模拟面试，其他同学扮演面试官。
3. 教师点评学生的表现，并提出改进建议。
六、课堂小结（5分钟）1. 老师总结本节课所学内容，强调重点和难点。
2. 学生回顾所学知识，分享自己的收获。
#### 作业布置1. 复习本单元词汇和短语，熟记其含义和用法。
2. 完成本单元阅读材料，并回答课后问题。
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit 7 Culture
Unit Seven CultureTeaching Objectives1. Culture and characteristics of people;2. Learn to bridge a gap among different culture groups;3. To know the importance of culture in our English study;4. To enable students to master the new words and phrases.Teaching allotment6 academic hours.1)1-2 Preparation2)3-4 In-Class Reading: Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully3) 5-6 After-Class Reading & ExercisesFocus Points1. Key words,phrases & usagesabrupt, accompany, accomplish, assure, avoid, caution, compliment, confusion, constant, cultural, definitely, edible, fancy, farewell, feasible, gap, graceful, gracious, haste, inadequate, inevitable, involve, literally, mission, modest, modify, naughty, negotiation, polar, proposal, protest, refusal, respond, signal, surpass2. Difficult sentences1. Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases thatlet you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed?2. Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations andsent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.3.If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfortof having to flee after me.4.Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who willinstead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.3. Grammar focus特殊疑问词的强调; 双重否定;不定式复合结构;动名词的复合结构;be + 不定式结构Methods of Teaching1) Using multi-media teaching equipment（应用多媒体教学手段）2) Group-Discussion （分组讨论）3) Watching VCD --- Joy Luck Club (观看影片《喜福会》，讨论东西方文化尤其是中美文化的差异)I.Related Information:Culture is a very broad term used to describe the arts, the beliefs, the values, the traditions, the customs, and the institutions that are considered to be characteristic of a community, a people,a region, or a nation. Culture also includes the languages and dialects that people use to expresstheir feelings and to communicate with each other. It is often difficult to dissociate language and culture since, in most cases, language is the main medium through which culture is transmitted.Most people feel that it is impossible to really know a culture without speaking the language. In some immigrant populations in North America, however, the original language has been lost but customs and traditions are still maintained.Although many cultures in the world have remained isolated for centuries, commerce and trade have often been the source of all sorts of cultural exchanges, ranging from foods to tools.Chinese porcelain and other inventions reached Europe thanks to the silk route, for example.However, cultural exchanges have not always been fair or balanced. The native populations of North and South America were decimated by disease and alcohol brought by the Europeans.Throughout history, wars and political decisions have destroyed cultures and forced people to adopt the language and the customs of the dominate civilization.It is often assumed that if a culture is technologically advanced, it must be superior or that ifa culture is young it must be inferior. Everyone tends to make value judgments about othercultures. Finding fault with or making fun of other customs and beliefs is often merely a way of bolstering our complacency or our pride. It is certainly much easier to learn about other cultures if one approaches them with an open mind and if one respects differences rather than criticizing them. Often something that appears strange or unusual in another culture is in fact very logical and part of a deeply rooted tradition. What might seem rude in one culture might seem perfectly normal and acceptable in another culture. Tolerance and curiosity are key factors in all cross-cultural learning experiences.Although modern transportation and communications have reduced the world to a …global village‟, there are still many fascinating cultural differences to explore. Discovering ho w people from other regions or other countries see the world can be an enriching experience. Tasting new foods, listening to different music, and studying the architecture or the literature of other cultures can open up new perspectives on life.Customs1)customs in JapanThe Japanese are noted for their courtesy. They bow all the time and repeatedly. Japanese who greet people from the west often try to do two things at once. They try to bow to follow localcustoms. They shake hands, they also move their body up and down as if they are bowing. It looks like they are trying to pump water from an old pump at a well.2)ritual“R itual” refers to the things people unanimously do or day when parting.II.Suggested Class Activities:1. W arming-up activity: story-tellingPurpose: getting to know the different manner between western world and ChinaForm: Group discussion and respective talkStep 1 . try to tell a story concerning about the difference between western countries and China Step 2make clear of the difference which may be a good consultant in your communicating with the foreignersStep 3 try to work out what caused in the difference.Expected come-out1. a logical structure of the story.2. well-organize plots and development a quick mind in catching the point.II. Role-play(activity ) for further developmentPurpose; knowing the basic cultural differenceForm; Group discussion and role-playStep 1.getting the necessary information from the after-class reading passage on differences in the way of parting , taboos concerning gift-sending ,body language.Step 2.work in pairs, choose a topic and role-play a short conversation between a Chinese anda foreigner to show their cultural difference.Step 3. he teacher should finally restate the importance of knowing the difference and give one examples if possible.III.Further development:IV.In-Class ReadingWords and phrases1. abrupt: adj.1) seeming rude and unfriendlye.g. an abrupt manner2) sudden and unexpectede.g. an abrupt change of policyphrases: come to an abrupt end 骤然停止；make an abrupt turn /stop突然转弯/ 停下来abruption n.突然分离，断裂abruptly adv.紧急地；突然exercises:1) Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.(由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主已退出市场。
Unit7Culture新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译
Unit7Culture新编⼤学英语第⼆版第⼆册课⽂翻译Unit 7 CultureBridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully[1] Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from these books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and trying to find words that would smooth over the visitors' leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to come again. In my fluster, I often hid behind my Chinese husband's graciousness.[2] Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.[3] Partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although I'm not expected to observe or even know all the rules, as a foreigner, I've had to learn the expressions of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking.[4] The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point—down a flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop. I've sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeinga guest off, since he's gone to the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive.[5] For a less import ant or perhaps a younger guest, he may simply say, “I won't see you off, all right?” And of course the guest assures him that he would never think of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off. “Don't see me off! Don't see meoff!”[6] That's all very well, but when I'm the guest being seen off, my protests are always useless, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Don't bother to see me off” ritual at every landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable.[7] Besides, that's going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone? “Go slowly.” Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.” To the Chinese it means “Take care” or “Watch your step”or some other such caution, but translated literally it means “Go slow.”[8] That same “slow” is used in another polite express ion used by the host at the end of a particularly large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequatehost he has been.[9] American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her cooking skills, is likely to say, “Oh, I'm so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.[10] The same rules hold true with regard to children. American parents speak proudly of their children's accomplishments, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.[11] The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; the Americans in “straightforwardness”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts takea “no” to mean “no”, whether it's the first, second, or third time.[12] Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to modify some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and definitely. My friend was angry because the Chinese had not taken their word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and wondered why the Americans had not studied up on cultural differences before coming to China. It would have saved them a lot of confusion and frustration in their negotiations.[13] Once you've learned the signals and how to respond, life becomes much easier. When guests come, I know I should immediately ask if they'd like a cup of tea. They will respond, “Please don't bother,” which is my signal to fetch tea.从容得体德跨越⽂化沟壑1 在外语学习中，学会⼀些简单的词组就能让你不知不觉地进⼊另⼀种⽂化，⽽丝毫不暴露你作为⼀个外国⼈的⾝份，但你为什么总是学不会呢？每本汉语课本都，⼀律从问候语开始的。
新编大学英语第二册 unit 7 culture_difference
with/in regard to 关于，至于 With regard to future oil supplies, the situation is uncertain. He wants to speak to you with regard to your financial situation. 这是一部关于人权的法律。
Life of the elders:
Elders in the west are really having a leisurely time after retirement. Elders in the east are still very tired because they have to take care of their grandchildren.
"Culture Differences" is an interesting topic for us to discuss, which can be easily seen in our daily life.
Now please look at the following pictures and explain the cultural differences represented in the pictures.
她非常高兴人们称赞她漂亮。
She is very pleased that people compliment her on her beauty.
新编大学英语2口语考试材料及翻译
2012-2013-1 英语2口语考试材料第一部分:课文朗读,5篇。
1. Food and Culture (Unit 6)2. Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully (Unit 7)3. Consumer Behavior of the Youth (Unit 9)4. Shopping (Unit 9)5. The Secrets of Good Health (Unit 10)第二部分:句子翻译,均选自课内学习单元的课后练习。
Unit 1 Love1.他走得慢是因为腿有毛病。
He walks slowly because of his bad leg.2.他尽管病得很重,但还是来参加会议了。
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.3.他确保同样的错误今后不再发生。
He saw to it that the same mistake didn’t happen again.4.现在他们之间的了解多了一些,他们相处得就好些了。
Now tha t they’ve got to know each other a little better, they get along just fine.5. 此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。
Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.6.在这幸福的时刻,我向你致以最美好的祝愿。
I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. Unit 2 Communication Problem7.昨天我去牙科医生那儿将我的一颗蛀牙拔掉了。
I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.8.事物的发展从根本上讲是由内因决定的。
全新版大学英语第二册教案Unit7LearningaboutEnglish
全新版⼤学英语第⼆册教案Unit7LearningaboutEnglish Unit 7 Learning about EnglishⅠ. Teaching planobjectives1. grasp the main idea (because of its tolerance for outside influences, English has become agreat language) and structure of the text;2. understand some idiomatic English usages mentioned in the unit;3. master key language points and structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme ofthe unit.Time allotment1st period: pre-reading; while-reading(title)2nd period: while-reading( title, language points)3rd period: while-reading( language points); post-reading(drawing a picture)4th period: post-reading; check on students’ home reading (text B)5th period: theme-related language learning tasksPre-reading tasks1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recorded passage:(23 minutes)----what is the passage about? (English is a great language, but it is also a crazy language.)----Can you give one or two examples to illustrate the messiness of the English language?( see transcript of the recorded passage for the many examples it mentions)----Are you sure of all the idiomatic usages mentioned in the recorded passage?[ some if the moreconfusing usages are explained here:1)ship by truck / send cargo by ship: ship can be either a verb or a nounThe first “ship” means “send”, the second one “a large boat”.2) noses that run / feet that smells: this refers to what people usually say “ have a runningnose”, “ have a smelly feet”.3) a slim / fat chance: a remote possibility4) a wise guy: a person who pretends to be much wiser than he / she really is; a derogatoryterma wise man: a really wise person; a commendatory term5) overlook: fail to see or notice, pay no attention tooversee: control (work, workmen)6) hot / cold as hell: extremely hot/ cold7) burn up: catch fire and flare upburn down: be destroyed by fire8) fill in a form/ fill out a form: synonymous9) go off: start an action, usually accompanied by a great noisego on: continue doing something10) race can be any of several divisions of mankind (种族,民族) or any of the main divisionsof living creatures .( 任何⽣物的种属, e.g. human race)11) when stars are out: when stars appear in the skywhen lights are out: when lights are turned off12) wind up a watch: tightening the spring of a watchwind up a speech: end a speech2. T may lead in to Text A by saying: As we discover from the previous exercise, an Englishmay have multiple meanings. Likewise, several different words may be pronounced in the same way. For example; I knew a student who ,upon hear ing the title of Helen Keller’s famous essay Three Days to See, translated it into <海边三⽇>. Considered in this perspective, English is really messy. However, according to Text A, this is also a major merit of English. ( 2 minutes)While-reading tasks1.interpretation of the title (10 minutes)1)Ss look at the title. T introduces the concept of an oxymoron (⽭盾修饰法, see TextAnalysis )2)Ss scan the first three paragraphs to find out the definition for “ glorious messiness” (inPara3)2.Text Organization (15 minutes)1)T draws Ss’ attention to Text Organization Exercise 1, leads them through the dire ctions,then dictates to them the main ideas of each part.2)Ss scan the first sentence of each paragraph in Text A to find out where the present tense isswitched to the past tense (Para4) and where the present tense is resumed (Para 17)3)Ss compare their findings with Text Organization Exercise 1, and they will see the division ofparts coincides with tense changes.3.T explains language points and gives Ss practice ( see Language Study). When going through the text, T may also point out the various rhetorical devices that appear in it (see Text Analysis) (60 minutes)Post-reading tasks1.D rawing a picture (35 minutes)1)T draws Ss’ attention to a quotation from Ralph Waldo Emerson in the quotation section---“The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.”2)Ss try to draw a picture of the development of the English language. The body of English isthe sea, while the major influences are the tributaries that flow into it. At each point wherea river merges into the sea, note down the time. Along each river, note down the name ofthe language from which English has borrowed. (refer to Text Organization Exercise 2)3)Some Ss draw their pictures on the blackboard. Then T gives some comments.4)Ss re-read PartⅡto find out how the author organizes the phases of English languagedevelopment into a coherent piece. (by transitional devices at paragraph heads. Pay special attention to the underlined parts below:---how did the language of a small island--- become the language of the planet?---new words came with the Germanic tribes---in the 5th century.---the next big influence on English was------then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings------another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066------around 1476 William Caxon set up a printing press in England------as settlers landed in North America---2.T guides Ss through some after-text exercises .( 30 minutes)3.T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B).(3 minutes)4.S s do part Ⅳ: Theme-related language learning tasks.(1 period)5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading tasks;2)preview Text A.Ⅱ.Text AnalysisAn expert on English language is supposed to know well about rhetorical devices in English. Robert MacNeil, the author of Text A ,does not disappoint us.The title, The Glorious Messiness of English, offers a good example of oxymoron. An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader, luring him /her to pause and explore why. “glorious” is a commendatory term ,while “messiness” is derogatory. Why do they stand next to each other? Then ,as the reader reads on, he/ she will find out that the title is actually a thesis statement: yes, English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as t olerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others’ rights. At this point the reader cannot but admire the author’s ingunuity.Robert MacNeil employs many metaphors , such as core of English ,a common parent language, another flood of new vocabulary, the special preserve of grammarians . In Para 18 there is an instance of sustained metaphor: the cultural soil, the first shoots sprang up,---grew stronger, build fences around their language. In this case the English language is compared to plants, and the various cultures influencing it are compared to the soil, while users of English are compared to gardeners.We can also find parallelism in the quote from Winston Churchill: “We shall fight on the beaches ,we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields ad in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.”There is personification in the sentence “ Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page---”There is metonymy in the sent ence “The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.” Here the word “churched” stands for religious institutions and those who are involved in religious practices.Ⅲ. Cultural Notes1.History of English:The roots of English: English began as a west Germanic language which was brought to England by the Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Many words used today come from Old English, including man, woman, king, mother, etc. But Old English was very different from modern Englishand only a few words can be easily recognized. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse words, eg, sky, take and get and many place names , entered the language.From the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 12th century English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. Englishfrom about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected with government, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, school and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English during this period. One of the most famous Middle English works is Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.The development of Modern English: Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxon in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of 18th century. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis. In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written English to ordinary people. The Elizabethan period is also famous for its drama and Shakespeare’s plays were seen by many people. The development of printing helped established standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Languages (1755) was the first authoritative of English. It defined about40,000 words and gave examples of their use.By the 18th century American English was established and developing independently from British English . After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be added from Native American languages, and from French and Spanish. In 1783, soon after Johnson’s dictionary was publ ished, Noah Webster’s The Elementary Spelling Book was published in the US. At first it used Johnson’s spellings, but later editions contained many of what have come to be known as American spellings, e.g. harbor and favorite.2oth century English: during the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and establish its own international identity.2.Winston Churchill( 1874-1965) : a politician who is remembered as one of Britain’s greatest statesmen. He was the son of the Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill and his American wife Jennie. As a young man he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as ajournalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and Minister of Defence in 1940. His radio speeches during World WarⅡgave the British people a strong determination to win the war, especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchill’s phrases will often quoted today are “ I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat ”, and “This was their finest hour”. The Conservative Party led by Churchill lost the election of 1945, but he became Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 when he retired, aged 80. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral.3.Julius Caesar (100-44BC): the best-known of all the ancient Roman leaders, and the first onw to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later.4.Viking: a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Ireland , in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They settled on the Scottish islands and in areas of eastern England, and the Danish King Canute ruled England from 1016. The Vikings were feared as violent and cruel, but they were also noted for their skill in building ships and as sailors. They had an important influence on English culture and the English language.5.Norman: any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. They used many of the existing Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but added important aspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of government became first Latin, and then Norman French, and this caused many new words to be added to the existing English language.Ⅳ. Language Study1.massive: large in scale, amount, or degreeeg. The ancient temple’s massive stone pillars had begun to crumble.The scale of the problem is so massive that it will require all our resources to deal with it.2.snack: a small mealeg. I usually have a snack of a hamburger and a glass of coke at lunchtime.The children in the kindergarten have a midmorning snack of milk and biscuits.3.corrupt: 1)cause errors to appear ineg. The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corruptedthe language.2)cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gainseg. To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.4.ban : forbid sth officially (used in the pattern: ban sb from sth./ doing sth.)eg. The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.n. ban (followed by on)eg. The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.5. invent: 1)invent:1)make or design （sth. tat has not existed before）; create (sth.)Examples: James Watt invented the steam engine.⼀Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.2)give (a name, reason, etc. that doesn't exist or is not true)Examples: All the characters in the novel are invented.Standing still in the teacher’s office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for his absence from class.Cf:: invent, discoverIf somebody invents something, they are the first person to think of it or make it.Example: Walter Hunt and Elias Hone invented the sewing machine.If somebody discovers something, they find out about something which exists but which was not previously known. Example: The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930.6.fascinating: of great interest or attractionExamples: The story of his adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to.I found the discussion about cloning absolutely fascinating.It is fascinating to imagine what might have happened if the US had not declared war against Japan in World War II.7.strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact senseExample: He's not strictly speaking m artist; he is more of a performer.Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job-But we employed her because of her honesty.-8.tolerance: 1) the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you don'tagree or approve of it (followed by 4扮r)Examples: School teachers have to have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult children.I think tolerance between students is extremely necessary since they live and study together.2) the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of/ for)Examples: Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.The patient had no tolerance for pan. Whenever he was injected he would cry.9.to a (very real, certain, etc.)extent: to the degree specifiedExamples: I agree with him to some extent but there are sti11some areas of sharp disagreement between us.To some extent the water pollution has affected local residents.To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.10.The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity-··:The history ofEnglish is revealed in the first words a child learns about identity.11.necessity: 1) sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth.Examples: Water is a basic necessity of life.A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.The workers’ wages were so low that they hardly had eno ugh money to buy the bare necessities of life.2)circumstances that force one to do st11.;the state of being necessary; the need for sth.(followed by off/ for)There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project.They reached m agreement on the necessity of educational reform12. rouse: provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)Examples: These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks. The man's strange behavior aroused the policeman suspicions.13.surrender:give in (followed by ω)Examples: After several weeks of severe attacks, Afghanistan's Taliban forces surrendered to the Northern Alliance: After the bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered.We’ll never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.14.virtually: for the most part, almostExamples: It's virtually impossible to tell the imitation from the mal thing.It has been raining virtually non-stop for the past several days.15.invade:enter with armed forcesExamples: In July1937 the Japanese army invaded China.The Germans invaded Poland in 1939,1eading to the start of World War II.16.mystery:stI1·that people can't, or have not been able to understand or explainExamples: The politician's sudden death remains a mystery to us all.How Egyptian pyramids were built still remains a mystery.No one has ever been able to exp1出n the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.17.resemble:be like or similar toExamples: I’d say he resembles his mother more than his father-,In his childhood, Stevie Wonder loved music and would pound spoons or forks on any surface that resembled a drum.18.systematic:done according to a systemExamples: Our professor not only imparts lq10Wledge to us, but also teaches us how to read books in a systematic way. The staff made a systematic check to make sure that no name had been omitted from the register.19.descend:come down (from a source),go down (followed by from)Examples: These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers.The Japanese are thought to be descended from tribes from the north of China.20.establish:1)cause to be, set upExamples: The school was established in 1905by an Italian professor.The bank helps people wanting to establish their business.2)place or settle sb /oneself in a position, an office, etc.(used in the pattern: establishsb/oneself as)Examples: They are rapidly establishing themselves as the market leaders.She established her fame as m actress.21.drin:move or go somewhere in a slow casua lwayExamples: Jimmy spent the year drifting around Europe.As rural factories shed labor, people drift towards the cities.The football match was over, and the crowds drifted away from the stadium.22.climate:(an area or a region with)a regular pattern of weather conditionsExamples: Brought up in the south of China, she wouldn't enjoy living in such a cold climate.Due to the greenhouse effect, changes in the earth's climate have taken place-23.pass (sth.)on to (sb.):hand or give (st11.)to (sb.)Examples: When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura.The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess.24.addition:a person or thing added (followed by to)Examples: The baby is a welcome addition to the Smith family.The young professor will be a most valuable addition to our board.25.conquer:take possession and control of (a country, city,etc.)by force; defeatExamples: Afghanistan's Northern Alliance conquered Kabul a month ago.She has conquered the hearts of many men.The Spanish once conquered most of South America.26.royal:of a king or queen, or other members of their family, and things relating to themExamples; The newborn baby was welcomed not only by the Japanese royal family but by the country at large.The royal wedding drew large crowds from across the country.27.alternative:one of two or mom possibilities (followed by to)Examples: Check out the alternatives before deciding whether to go to a nearby college.What was the alternative to going home?28.modify:change slightlyExamples: The school authorities plan to modify the sc11001regulations.The computer programmers tried to modify the design of the software to make it suitable for commercial production.29.enrich: 1)make rich or richerExamples: That once poor coastal village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.2)improveExamples: It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.Travel enriches people's lives.30.classic:awork of art recognized as having lasting valueExamples: Both Tom and Jones and Wuthering Heights are classics.His manual on botany has become a classic among scientists.31.source: a place from which /doc/d1*******.htmles or is obtainedExamples: Tourism, which is a major source of income for the city, has been seriously affected by the terrorist attacks. The source of the anthrax outbreak in the USA remained a mystery.32.out of control: no longer able to be controlledExamples: The f11·e was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived.There was nothing they could do about it. The situation was out of control.33.fortunately: by good luckExamples: :Fortunately, my friend survived the car accident.Fortunately a life guard noticed that the woman was drowning and she was rescued.I had forgotten my key, but fortunately the door wasn't locked.34.put into practice:Examples: Having delayed several times, we must put this plan into practice now.They weren't allowed to put into practice in their dai1y lives the teachings they received.35.strike out: start being independent; start doing what on￠wants to do in lifeExample: After working for his father for about ten years, he decided to strike out on his own.。
全新版大学英语综合教程2 UNIT7教案
4. Organization of Text A(refer to Text Organization on page 193)
教学重点难点
1. Understanding of the title
2. Cultural background
3. Text organization
2)Bible: brought written English to ordinary people.
3)William Shakespeare: as the dictionary tells us, about 2,000 new words and phrases were invented by him, like “eyeball”, “puppy-dog”.
课程名称
全新版大学英语综合教程2
授课班级
授课教师
院部教研室
课程学时
64学时
课程学分
2学分
课程类型
□√公共基础课□学科基础课□专业基础课□专业课□专业方向课□实践类课程
□公共选修课□任意选修课
考核方式
□√考试□考查
教材
名称《全新版大学英语综合教程》2
出版社：上海外语教育出版社
出版日期2012年3月
版次
1.Understand the title
2.Acknowledgethe cultural background related to the content
3.Master the text organization
教学基本内容
1. Interpretation of the title
2. Brief introduction to History of English—the language
新编大学英语大学第二册教案
大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案大学英语教案出师表两汉：诸葛亮先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。
然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。
若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。
先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。
侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。
先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。
后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。
受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。
今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。
此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。
至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。
若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。
臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
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Unit Seven CultureTeaching Objectives1. Culture and characteristics of people;2. Learn to bridge a gap among different culture groups;3. To know the importance of culture in our English study;4. To enable students to master the new words and phrases.Teaching allotment6 academic hours.1)1-2 Preparation2)3-4 In-Class Reading: Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully3) 5-6 After-Class Reading & ExercisesFocus Points1. Key words,phrases & usagesabrupt, accompany, accomplish, assure, avoid, caution, compliment, confusion, constant, cultural, definitely, edible, fancy, farewell, feasible, gap, graceful, gracious, haste, inadequate, inevitable, involve, literally, mission, modest, modify, naughty, negotiation, polar, proposal, protest, refusal, respond, signal, surpass2. Difficult sentences1. Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases thatlet you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed?2. Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations andsent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.3.If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfortof having to flee after me.4.Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who willinstead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.3. Grammar focus特殊疑问词的强调; 双重否定;不定式复合结构;动名词的复合结构;be + 不定式结构Methods of Teaching1) Using multi-media teaching equipment（应用多媒体教学手段）2) Group-Discussion （分组讨论）3) Watching VCD --- Joy Luck Club (观看影片《喜福会》，讨论东西方文化尤其是中美文化的差异)I.Related Information:Culture is a very broad term used to describe the arts, the beliefs, the values, the traditions, the customs, and the institutions that are considered to be characteristic of a community, a people,a region, or a nation. Culture also includes the languages and dialects that people use to expresstheir feelings and to communicate with each other. It is often difficult to dissociate language and culture since, in most cases, language is the main medium through which culture is transmitted.Most people feel that it is impossible to really know a culture without speaking the language. In some immigrant populations in North America, however, the original language has been lost but customs and traditions are still maintained.Although many cultures in the world have remained isolated for centuries, commerce and trade have often been the source of all sorts of cultural exchanges, ranging from foods to tools.Chinese porcelain and other inventions reached Europe thanks to the silk route, for example.However, cultural exchanges have not always been fair or balanced. The native populations of North and South America were decimated by disease and alcohol brought by the Europeans.Throughout history, wars and political decisions have destroyed cultures and forced people to adopt the language and the customs of the dominate civilization.It is often assumed that if a culture is technologically advanced, it must be superior or that ifa culture is young it must be inferior. Everyone tends to make value judgments about othercultures. Finding fault with or making fun of other customs and beliefs is often merely a way of bolstering our complacency or our pride. It is certainly much easier to learn about other cultures if one approaches them with an open mind and if one respects differences rather than criticizing them. Often something that appears strange or unusual in another culture is in fact very logical and part of a deeply rooted tradition. What might seem rude in one culture might seem perfectly normal and acceptable in another culture. Tolerance and curiosity are key factors in all cross-cultural learning experiences.Although modern transportation and communications have reduced the world to a …global village‟, there are still many fascinating cultural differences to explore. Discovering ho w people from other regions or other countries see the world can be an enriching experience. Tasting new foods, listening to different music, and studying the architecture or the literature of other cultures can open up new perspectives on life.Customs1)customs in JapanThe Japanese are noted for their courtesy. They bow all the time and repeatedly. Japanese who greet people from the west often try to do two things at once. They try to bow to follow localcustoms. They shake hands, they also move their body up and down as if they are bowing. It looks like they are trying to pump water from an old pump at a well.2)ritual“R itual” refers to the things people unanimously do or day when parting.II.Suggested Class Activities:1. W arming-up activity: story-tellingPurpose: getting to know the different manner between western world and ChinaForm: Group discussion and respective talkStep 1 . try to tell a story concerning about the difference between western countries and China Step 2make clear of the difference which may be a good consultant in your communicating with the foreignersStep 3 try to work out what caused in the difference.Expected come-out1. a logical structure of the story.2. well-organize plots and development a quick mind in catching the point.II. Role-play(activity ) for further developmentPurpose; knowing the basic cultural differenceForm; Group discussion and role-playStep 1.getting the necessary information from the after-class reading passage on differences in the way of parting , taboos concerning gift-sending ,body language.Step 2.work in pairs, choose a topic and role-play a short conversation between a Chinese anda foreigner to show their cultural difference.Step 3. he teacher should finally restate the importance of knowing the difference and give one examples if possible.III.Further development:IV.In-Class ReadingWords and phrases1. abrupt: adj.1) seeming rude and unfriendlye.g. an abrupt manner2) sudden and unexpectede.g. an abrupt change of policyphrases: come to an abrupt end 骤然停止；make an abrupt turn /stop突然转弯/ 停下来abruption n.突然分离，断裂abruptly adv.紧急地；突然exercises:1) Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.(由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主已退出市场。