土木外文翻译

Prefabricated ConstructionThe well known expression “time is money” voiced repeatedly in the business world, has greatly influenced the trend towards far more rapid methods of construction. Delays often associated with so it is understandable that prefabricated construction has found favour in both industry and commerce. Such construction is even more justified in an attempt to solve the serious problem of providing sufficient houses and flats quickly enough to meet the needs of an ever expanding population. Already, tremendous strides forward have been made in this sector of building. The disruption of road and rail traffic, so often experienced when a flyover, an underpass or a service is being constructed, can be minimized in those constructions incorporating prefabrication.Prefabrication is by no means a new idea, but in the past, unimaginative uniformity in design, together with limited materials, led to a natural distaste for this form of construction in this field, as a far more variety in the shapes and sizes of prefabricated units. In fact, nowadays, there remains very little in the world of building and civil engineering that cannot be constructed effectively and attractively by means of prefabricated units.Housing manufacturing-assembling building. This new technology is how going on » As mentioned above, the site is the scene of construction materials shipped from the factory to the semi-finished products, construction units to the scene to do a certain type treatment, and the assembly of semi-finished housing. Construction sites no longer gong, carpenters, steel workers and other types of work-share then fine, construction workers from past and more complex trades role for a single change in the profile of train She, electric drills and other tools of the assembly role. This assembly manufacturing housing has been to avoid the shortcomings of the traditional building and construction very quickly, can be completed in the near future. Housing for manufacturing enterprises, workers significantly reduced labor intensity,cross-operation to facilitate an orderly manner; housing assembly for each procedure can be like the installation of the equipment as check their accuracy and to ensure the quality of manufactured housing, construction, to reduce the noise, Reduce material stacked venue is conducive to the protection of the environment because of industrial production and assembly at the scene of the standard so that manufacturers reduce the cost of housing, and easily meet the room decoration and equipment installation requirements. Therefore, the assembly of manufactured housing for the many advantages of traditional housing construction methods can not be compared.Generally speaking, prefabricated construction in relation to buildings divided into two classes. Where the prefabricated units are entirely or almost entirely produced in a factory and transported to the site, the method of construction is known as factory industrialized building or system building. On the other hand, if the component are mainly produced by the contractor in a yard adjacent to the site, it is known as on-site industrialized building.Many large building contractors have developed their own organizations of system building for houses and flats, and have often been successful in securing contracts in direct competition with traditional building.The main advantage of factory industrialized building is that the prefabricated units can be produced to a very high standard of precision and a consistently high quality. Consequently, the tolerance margins, which are so necessary in traditional building methods, can be greatly reduced. Of course, careful planning and diligent supervision by the designer, together with the utmost standardization, are essential to attain these objectives. The working conditions in a factory are far more amenable than those on a site, and this permits continuous production. Since unskilled labor is mainly employed in the production of the units, construction should prove to be less costly.To gain the maximum advantage from this system, there must always be clear liaison between the factory and site organizations. The units should be delivered precisely when they are required and site manpowerand plant should be ready to incorporate them into the construction on their arrival. The failure of proper co-ordination results in unnecessary delay, which defeats the principal object of this method.Effective transport is an essential factor in the factory system, if it is to function as an economical operation. The transportation of large units can often be a serious handicap, although lightweight materials have to a certain extent alleviated the problem of abnormally heavy loads. The on-site system has a distinct advantage in this respect, in that no transport problem exists. Proper co-ordination between the site and the adjoining unit-producing yard will provide units, as and the standards attained in many production yards are very high. Temporary buildings are often erected and production methods are fast becoming highly mechanized.Concrete, whether ordinary or lightweight, has for some time been the principal material used for producing prefabricated units, both for buildings and civil engineering projects. In the construction of houses, blocks o f multi-storey flats, office blocks and similar buildings, numerous proprietary systems have been introduced in recent years, using concrete units, for practically every section of the building. illustrates the general arrangement of a typical block of multi-storey flats composed almost entirely of factory-made concrete units. Details of the intersections of various units are shown in both alternative system for multi-storey flats and similar large buildings is to erect a framework of load-bearing reinforced concrete horizontal perimeter beam units and vertical mullion units. Between these are fixed concrete external cladding panels. Quite often, factory-made units are delivered complete with window and door frames, service ducts, insulation etc…….and invariably they are finished to receive decorations. This reduces site works considerably.预制装配式结构众所周知“时间就是金钱”。