高考英语一轮复习 话题语篇专攻练12 史地博览(一)外研版

话题语篇专攻练12史地博览(一)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解ATristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1, 510 miles southwest of its nearest, St. Helena, and 1, 950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(上将)of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second—and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is Easter Island(复活节岛), which lies 1, 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2, 300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.【文章大意】文章介绍了Tristan da Cunha群岛的地理情况、名字的由来和隶属情况。

1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha______.A. was named after its discovererB. got its name from Holland settlersC. was named by the British governmentD. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506. . . 可知, 这个岛屿是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的, 故选A。

2. Which of the following is most famous for moai?A. Tristan da Cunha.B. Pitcairn Island.C. Easter Island.D. St. Helena.【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

根据第二段以及第三段第二句They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. 可知复活节岛因摩艾最为出名, 故选C。

3. Which country does Easter Island belong to?A. Britain.B. Holland.C. Portugal.D. Chile.【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据最后一段On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory可以推断, Easter Island属于Chile, 故选D。

B(2017·长沙模拟) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change.Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 【文章大意】是否可以在有历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑? 文章对此问题进行了讨论。

4. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A. Some of them are not attractive.B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve.C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive. 可知, 作者认为并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。

故A正确。

5. Which of the following is true according to the author?A. We should reproduce the same old buildings.B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.【解析】选C。