乡村文化旅游来自加拿大的案例研究外文文献翻译
乡村旅游外文文献综述
乡村旅游外文文献综述随着城市化进程的加速和人们生活水平的提高，乡村旅游逐渐受到人们的关注和青睐。
乡村旅游不仅能够提供一种远离城市喧嚣的休闲方式，还能够让人们更加了解乡村文化和乡村生活。
本文将对乡村旅游的外文文献进行综述，以期为乡村旅游研究提供参考。
一、乡村旅游的定义乡村旅游是指游客在乡村地区进行的旅游活动，包括体验农村生活、了解乡村文化、参观农村景点等。
二、乡村旅游的影响1.经济影响乡村旅游能够促进当地经济的发展，提高农民的收入。
研究表明，乡村旅游对当地农村经济的拉动效应显著，能够创造大量的就业机会，提高农民的收入水平。
2.环境影响乡村旅游对环境的影响是双重的。
一方面，乡村旅游能够促进环境保护，提高人们对环境的意识。
另一方面，乡村旅游也可能会对环境造成污染和破坏。
3.社会影响乡村旅游能够促进乡村社会的发展，提高农民的社会地位。
同时，乡村旅游也能够促进不同地区之间的文化交流和了解。
三、乡村旅游的发展趋势1.多元化随着人们对旅游的需求不断增加，乡村旅游也将逐渐向多元化方向发展。
未来的乡村旅游将融合更多的元素，如文化、户外运动、健康养生等。
2.智能化随着科技的不断进步，未来的乡村旅游将更加智能化。
游客能够通过智能手机进行线上预订、线下导航、语音导览等。
3.可持续发展未来的乡村旅游将更加注重可持续发展，保护当地的环境和文化遗产。
同时，乡村旅游也将更加注重社会责任，关注当地居民的生活和福利。
四、乡村旅游的挑战1.规划和管理乡村旅游的规划和管理是乡村旅游发展的重要保障。
但是，目前一些地区的乡村旅游规划和管理还存在不足，需要加强。
2.品质和服务乡村旅游的品质和服务也是乡村旅游发展的重要因素。
但是，目前一些地区的乡村旅游品质和服务还存在不足，需要加强。
3.环境和文化保护乡村旅游的发展必须注重环境和文化保护。
但是，目前一些地区的乡村旅游存在环境和文化破坏的问题，需要加强保护。
五、结论乡村旅游是一种具有广阔发展前景的旅游形式，能够促进当地经济、环境和社会的发展。
乡村旅游中英文对照外文翻译文献
乡村旅游中英文对照外文翻译文献Assessment of Rural Tourism in Turkey Using SWOT Analysisn:XXX。
located at the crossroads of Asia。
Europe。
and Africa。
covers an area of approximately 780,000 square kilometers and has a coastline of 8,000 kilometers。
According to the 2000 n census。
the country has a n of 67,803,927.with approximately 35% XXX has nearly 37,000 villages。
with two-thirds of them having pXXX。
one-third of XXX.Body:XXX years。
In order to assess the potential of rural tourism in XXX。
a SWOT (Strengths。
Weaknesses。
Opportunities。
and Threats) analysis was conducted.Strengths:Turkey has a rich cultural heritage。
with many XXX。
as well as natural beauty。
such as mountains。
forests。
XXX。
XXX。
XXX.XXX:One of the main XXX。
many rural areas lack access to basic services such as XXX。
XXX.Opportunities:There is a growing XXX has recognized this trend and has XXX。
文旅融合 乡村旅游英文文献
文旅融合乡村旅游英文文献Rural Tourism and Cultural Integration。
Abstract。
Introduction。
Sigificance of rural tourism for cultural preservation and sustainable development。
Moreover, rural tourism can also contribute to sustainable development in rural areas. Sustainable rural tourism can help to create jobs and boost local economies, while at the same time protecting the natural environment and cultural heritage. It is important to note, however, that tourism development must be balanced with environmental and cultural conservation efforts to ensure long-term sustainability.Role of cultural integration in enhancing the rural tourism experience。
The integration of cultural elements is critical in enhancing the rural tourism experience. The authenticity and uniqueness of rural culture is what attracts tourists to rural areas in the first place. By integrating cultural elements into tourism activities, visitors can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of local traditions and lifestyles. Cultural integration can involve a wide range of activities, such ascultural festivals, traditional crafts demonstrations, and culinary experiences.Case study: Rural tourism project in China。
乡村旅游外文翻译文献
乡村旅游外文翻译文献中英文(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Wilson S, Fesenmaier D R, Fesenmaier J, et al. Factors for success in rural tourism development.[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2001, 40(2):132-138.英文原文Factors for success in rural tourism tourism development SUZANNE WILSON, DANIEL FESENMAIER, JULIE FESENMAIER, AND JOHNC. V AN ESSince the 1970s,economic restructuring and farm crisis have reduced rural communities' economic development options, making older development strategies less viable and forcing many to look for nontraditional ways to sustain themselves. One of the most popular nontraditional rural development strategies has been tourism and its associated entrepreneurship rural development strategies has been tourism and its associated entrepreneurship opportunities because of tourism's ability to bring in dollars and to generate jobs and support retail growth. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine those factors that have helped rural communities successfully develop tourism and its entrepreneurship opportunities. Several focus groups were conducted with local businesspersons and leaders in six rural Illinois communities. The results clearly demonstrate the importance of the communityapproach to tourism development and that rural tourism development and entrepreneurship cannot work without the participation and collaboration of businesspersons directly and indirectly involved in tourism.Since the 1970s, economic restructuring and the farm crisis have severely reduced rural communities ’ econom ic opportunities. Economic restructuring has caused a loss of rural manufacturing plants and many jobs. The 1980s farm crisis in the Midwest also led to a decline in the numbers of farmers and restructured farm ownership, forcing some farm families to augment their incomes with off-farm jobs, to depart farming, or to declare bankruptcy. The farm crisis and the loss of manufacturing jobs had substantial ripple effects in rural communities. As rural joblessness rates rose above urban levels, real income growth stagnated in rural areas (Sears and Reid 1992). Many stores and agribusinesses disappeared from small rural towns. Not surprisingly, a 1992 statewide survey in Illinois found that 39% of rural residents perceived their economic prospects as worsening (Walzer 1993).These changes limited rural communities ’ economic development options, making older development strategies such as manufacturing less viable and forcing many to look for nontraditional ways to sustain themselves . One of the most popular nontraditional rural development strategies has been tourism and its associated entrepreneurship opportunities (Edgell and Harbaugh 1993; Luloff et al. 1994). Rural areashave a special appeal to tourists because of the mystique associated with rural areas and their distinct cultural, historic, ethnic, and geographic characteristics (Edgell and Harbaugh 1993). Rural tourism also is less costly and easier to establish than other rural economic development strategies such as manufacturing. Rural tourism can be development strategies such as manufacturing. Rural tourism can be developed locally with participation from local government and small businesses, and its development is not necessarily dependent on outside firms or companies.Although tourism can be expensive to develop in certain cases (e.g., large resort areas) or can involve large firms and chains, rural tourism can be developed with relatively little investment credit, training, and capital. Hence, rural tourism can be less costly to develop as compared to other economic development strategies; additionally, rural tourism need not involve dependency on outside firms and their decisions on whether they want to be in an area. Rural tourism provides a base for these small businesses that might not otherwise be in rural communities because of their small populations. Tourism particularly helps two types of small businesses in rural areas—those directly involved in tourism (e.g., attractions and hotels/motels) and those indirectly involved in tourism (e.g., gas stations and grocery stores).Additionally, rural tourism works well with existing rural enterprises such as farms (e.g., U-Pick farms) and can generate important secondaryincome for farm households (Oppermann 1996).Nonetheless, rural tourism remains one of the few viable economic options for rural communities .Like other economic development strategies, rural tourism requires several components to be successful. Tourism development involves(1) attractions: the natural and manmade features both within and adjacent to a community; (2) promotion: the marketing of a community and its tourism attractions to potential tourists;(3) tourism infrastructure: access facilities (roads, airports, trains, and buses),water and power services, parking, signs, and recreation facilities; (4) services: lodging, restaurants, and the various retail businesses needed to take care of tourists’ needs; (5) hospitality: how tourists are treated by both community residents and employees in tourism businesses and attractions (Gunn 1988). Left out of this list are tourism entrepreneurs and their role in fostering these components. While the above components and a community’ s assets are clearly important to tourism development, only the widespread participation and contribution of rural tourism entrepreneurs can ensure a broad-based foundation for successful tourism development. A research literature has emerged on how to best facilitate the development of tourism. One view, drawing heavily on the economic literature, argues that tourism and its associated entrepreneurship opportunities are best developed by helping and creating individuals businesses and then letting them compete in the marketplace for a reviewand description of this view). This view, however, has been critiqued because (1) it views tourism and tourism-related businesses as isolated from the larger community and its issues;(2) it does not recognize the interdependence of the various sectors and actors involved in tourism; and (3)most small tourism business, especially those in rural areas, do not have the individual resources to promote either themselves or the community as a tourist product (Gunn 1988; Murphy 1985; Palmer and Bejou 1995).Opposing this view is the community approach to tourism development and entrepreneurship (Murphy 1985). As its name implies, the approach argues that tourism is a community product and that, along with entrepreneurial skills and the presence of tourist businesses, it is also necessary to have the community and local capabilities (e.g., local leadership and formal and informal networks) directly involved in tourism development and promotion effort (Murphy 1985). While the community approach may be an effective way to develop and promote tourism, creating the necessary intercommunity cooperation and collaboration is a complex and difficult process. Businesses are asked to share resources while simultaneously competing. Local governments may see collaborating to develop tourism as risky, or they may be worried about losing control over local decision making (Huang and Stewart 1996; Jamal and Getz 1995). Because of these problems, research on collaboration and those factors that allow for community development oftourism is needed . The purpose of the present study is to identify and examine those factors that help rural communities successfully develop tourism and its entrepreneurship opportunities. The present study makes an additional contribution to the research literature by including rural tourism entrepreneurs, an overlooked group in rural tourism research (Stokowski 1990).A Complete Tourism PackageAs is recognized in the tourism literature, successful tourism involves getting tourists to stay longer than the time it takes simply to visit a major attraction and having repeat tourists. One focus group participant expressed it thus: “to succeed a community has to be a destination rather than a place to stop off.” Communities that have been successful at getting tourists to visit, stay, spend money, and come back have developed high-quality tourism attractions and put together successful tourism packages involving the community, its surrounding area, and businesses involved in tourism. While the less successful communities all have major tourist attractions, they have not developed the package of attractions and businesses necessary to attract and hold tourists; nor have they been able to promote their areas as effectively.Focus group participants felt that the key to putting together a successful tourism package is having a community that appeals to tourists. Through zoning, other local government activities (e.g., beautificationcampaigns), and participation of all businesses in the area, successful communities have worked to make their communities attractive to tourists. They also have worked to make sites and businesses around tourism attractions appealing to tourists. In the less successful communities, lack of cooperation from local government and businesses created problems such as eyesores and unattractive environments surrounding attractions.Similarly, many participants felt that successful rural tourism communities have created the right mix of businesses for tourism, including adequate lodging, restaurants, a group of attractions that entice tourists to stay, and shops where tourists can spend money locally. These communities have worked to get businesses and attractions that would attract certain groups of tourists, especially families and upper-middle-class individuals with relatively large disposable incomes. They tried to package together individual tourist attractions (e.g., fishing, hunting, boating, golfing, and canoeing) that complement each other. While the less successful communities have not managed to do these things, focus group participants in all the communities clearly realized that the right mix of tourism businesses and attractions can increase the stay of tourists and the amount of money that they spend locally.Communities with successful tourism have worked to sponsor special events that tie in with local tourist attractions, such as fishingtournaments for communities with outdoor tourist recreation attractions and historical festivals for towns with historic sites. These special events not only have drawn tourists to the area but have helped promote local tourism as a package. Perhaps most important, successful tourism communities not only have worked to create a complete tourism package, but they have tried to understand and promote what it was that brought the tourists to the town in the first place. Businesspersons and local leaders in successful communities have promoted their communities as having a high-quality tourism product. Many focus group participants recognized that advertising tourism in their communities involves promoting the community as a whole rather than simply promoting one or two attractions. They realized the attractions of rural tourism—rural communities can be a relatively inexpensive tourism experience, and they have an appeal of being calm—and have tried to promote their communities as having a relaxed rural way of life.中文译文乡村旅游发展成功因素作者:苏珊娜·威尔逊，丹尼尔·费森梅尔，朱莉·费森梅尔，约翰·瓦尔20世纪70年代以来, 经济体制的改革和农业危机使得农村社区经济发展的选择减少, 同时促使老年人发展战略可行性降低, 迫使人们去寻找非传统的方式来维持生计。
古村落乡村文化旅游古镇旅游外文文献翻译2014年
文献出处：Roberta M, Jolliffe L. Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from Canada [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2014, 30(2): 307-322.原文Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from CanadaRoberta ; JolliffeAbstractTourism has become a development tool for many rural and more isolated areas to supplement traditional industries that are often in decline. In this paper, development of cultural rural tourism is examined in a case study of a French Acadian region on an island in eastern Canada. The roles of culture and community-based partnerships are considered in a proposed framework with four evolving development stages. The findings suggest that the framework is useful for rural tourism development; that culture, which is often well preserved in rural areas, is a valuable resource to include; and that community-based partnerships such as cooperatives may be very effective.Keywords: cultural tourism; rural development; community-based partnership IntroductionRural communities and peripheral areas such as islands face the challenge of continuous economic development. Where primary traditional industries such as fishing and farming are in decline, tourism often becomes another tool to help create jobs and to raise the standards of living. These areas realize this potential through development of local resources, culture, and heritage. The integration of such alternative sources may help to sustain local economies and to encourage local development. Actually many tourists seek rural destinations which offer pleasant experiences related to the natural environment, historic heritage, and cultural patterns. It is this culture and heritage that are often well preserved between generations in rural areas and it is in periods of economic decline that their residents seem to cling more to a distinct heritage. Culture and tourism then become resources for socioeconomic development in rural and peripheral communities. This has beenobserved in studying cultural tourism in many of the small islands of the North Atlantic.The rural tourism concept has many interpretations (Page and Getz, 1997 and Sharpley et al., 1997).Bramwell and Lane (1994) propose that rural tourism can include activities and interests in farms, nature, adventure, sport, health, education, arts, and heritage. In 1996, Pedford expands the concept into living history such as rural customs and folklore, local and family traditions, values, beliefs, and common heritage.Turnock (1999) further broadens the view of rural tourism to embrace all aspects of leisure appropriate in the countryside. Given these various findings, the concepts for this particular study are integrated as cultural rural tourism. This is defined as referring to a distinct rural community with its own traditions, heritage, arts, lifestyles, places, and values as preserved between generations. Tourists visit these areas to be informed about the culture and to experience folklore, customs, natural landscapes, and historical landmarks. They might also enjoy other activities in a rural setting such as nature, adventure, sports, festivals, crafts, and general sightseeing. This concept fits the WTO (1994) finding that environmental and cultural heritage are major themes that can be conserved for future use while benefiting the present. Cultural rural tourism developmentTo help understand the cultural rural tourism process, a framework is proposed for analysis of the development activities that occur in the case study. The framework is based on a variety of sources that indicate a niche for providing tourists an educational, adventuresome, and enriching experience. The sources include the model by Lewis (1998), the tourism product lifecycle findings of Butler (1980) and Hill (1993), and the findings by Prohaska (1995) for the development of cultural tourism in island destinations, which are often rural areas. Also considered are Pedford’s findings (1996) that local residents need to become involved as part of an area’s living history to aide local cultural tourism. The host provides the knowledge of traditions and folklore which contribute to tourists’authentic experiences without endangering the resource concerned. This fits with the US National Trust Heritage Tourism program that promotes heritage development by balancing short-term gainand long-term preservation. The framework as shown inTable 2 incorporates the findings of these studies.Stage one is the initial evolution when a rural region employs the tourism concept in its economic development process. This involves the integration of cultural and rural resources into the socioeconomic planning for a community. The process seems to begin slowly when a few tourists arrive in the community and some residents see an opportunity. This stage includes more of individual offerings. The second stage evolves from this simple start. It is the stage to plan and to implement strategies that start to benefit the whole region. This will develop into more formal plans based on cooperation among the community’s residents, organizations, and businesses. In rural areas, this might involve partnerships between local and regional groups as well as national organizations and various levels of government. Page and Getz (1997)discuss the importance of community cooperation and partnerships in rural tourism. Prohaska (1995) also notes that local hosts tend to seek government assistance for heritage areas with unique or distinct identities that have been developed over generations. At this stage, examples may include festivals and special cultural events to attract more tourists into an area.The third stage is developing the plans into more advanced and formal cultural rural tourism offerings that benefit the community in the short-term and conserve the resources for the long-term. At this stage, there are increased efficiency and effective development of more permanent attractions, activities, and educational programs of the natural environment, historical sites, and cultural experiences. A tourism organization for the region also takes control of the process to ensure more coherent and integrated marketing of the area. The final stage is the fully centralized planning and implementing of tourism in the rural region. At this point, the planning should be responsible, appropriate, and enduring for short and long-term community benefits while also preserving its resources. It is at this fourth stage that five principles proposed by the US National Trust play a role to help guide the preservation of long-term cultural rural tourism. These principles include authenticity and quality, education and interpretation, preservation and protection, local priorities and capacity,and partnerships (Prohaska 1995). In general, this framework is like a pyramid with a few people at the top in stage one starting the process slowly. By stage four, the base is broad and includes many people and organizations working in team efforts in the process for the benefit of the whole region.译文古村落和乡村文化旅游:来自加拿大的案例研究作者：罗伯塔; 乔利夫摘要旅游业已经成为许多农村和偏远地区的重点开发产业，用以补充当地的传统产业。
加拿大的传统文化英文作文
加拿大的传统文化英文作文英文：Canada is a country with a rich and diverse traditional culture. The traditional culture of Canada is influenced by the indigenous peoples, as well as by the French andBritish settlers who arrived in the country centuries ago.One of the most important aspects of Canadiantraditional culture is the celebration of multiculturalism. Canada is known for its diverse population, with people from all over the world living together in harmony. This has led to a rich tapestry of traditions and customs from different cultures being celebrated and shared across the country. For example, in my hometown, we have an annual multicultural festival where people from different cultural backgrounds come together to share their traditional food, music, and dance. It's a wonderful celebration of the diversity of our country.Another important aspect of Canadian traditionalculture is the celebration of indigenous traditions. The indigenous peoples of Canada have a rich and vibrantculture that has been passed down through generations. In my community, we have a powwow every summer where indigenous dancers and drummers come together to celebrate their culture and traditions. It's a powerful and moving experience to witness the beauty and strength of indigenous traditions.中文：加拿大是一个拥有丰富多样传统文化的国家。
乡村旅游外文文献综述
乡村旅游外文文献综述乡村旅游是指以农村为主要旅游目的地，以农村风光、民俗文化、乡土风情、农业生态等为旅游资源，以农村旅游活动为主要内容的旅游形式。
随着人们对自然、环保、健康等需求的不断提高，乡村旅游已成为旅游业中的一股新兴力量。
本文将综述乡村旅游的相关外文文献，以期为读者提供更全面的了解和认识。
一、乡村旅游的定义与特点1. 《乡村旅游的定义与发展》（李光耀，2011）该文指出，乡村旅游是指以农村为主要旅游目的地，以农村风光、民俗文化、乡土风情、农业生态等为旅游资源，以农村旅游活动为主要内容的旅游形式。
乡村旅游的特点是文化性、生态性、休闲性，具有自然景观、民俗风情、农业生态等多方面的旅游资源。
2. 《乡村旅游的定义、特点与发展趋势》（王秋菊，2016）该文认为，乡村旅游是指以农村为主要旅游目的地，以农村自然景观、人文景观、生态景观为主要旅游资源，以农村文化、民俗、风情等为旅游内容，以满足人们对休闲、度假、旅游等多种需求为目的的旅游形式。
乡村旅游的特点是多元化、生态化、文化化、个性化，具有独特的地域文化、农村生态、人文风情等多方面的旅游资源。
二、乡村旅游的发展现状与问题1. 《乡村旅游发展现状与问题研究》（王璐，2015）该文指出，当前我国乡村旅游发展存在一些问题，如旅游产品单一、开发不成熟、服务质量不高等。
同时，乡村旅游也面临着市场需求的不断变化、政策环境的不稳定等挑战。
因此，要加强乡村旅游的规划、开发和管理，提高旅游产品质量和服务水平，加强品牌建设和市场营销，提高乡村旅游的竞争力和可持续发展能力。
2. 《乡村旅游发展面临的问题及对策研究》（张玉婷，2017）该文认为，当前我国乡村旅游发展面临着旅游资源开发不足、旅游产品单一、服务质量不高等问题。
同时，乡村旅游也面临着市场需求的不断变化、政策环境的不稳定等挑战。
因此，要加强乡村旅游的规划、开发和管理，提高旅游产品质量和服务水平，加强品牌建设和市场营销，提高乡村旅游的竞争力和可持续发展能力。
关于旅游的外文文献
关于旅游的外文文献旅游已经成为全球最重要的经济产业之一，也是人们最常见的休闲方式之一。
以下是关于旅游的外文文献：1. 'Tourism and Sustainable Development' by David B. Weaver (2002)这篇文章探讨了旅游业对可持续发展的影响和贡献。
作者分析了旅游业对经济、社会和环境的影响，并提出了一些可行的解决方案，以使旅游业能够更好地实现可持续发展。
2. 'Tourism and Economic Development' by Richard Sharpley (2014)这篇文章探讨了旅游业对经济发展的影响，以及旅游业如何成为促进经济发展的工具。
作者分析了旅游业对就业、收入和国际贸易的影响，并提供了一些案例来支持这些观点。
3. 'Tourism and Culture' by Kaye Sung Chon and Turgut Var (2012)这篇文章探讨了旅游业与文化之间的联系。
作者提供了一些案例来说明旅游业如何对文化遗产的保护和传承产生积极影响，同时也指出了旅游业对文化产业的挑战和机遇。
4. 'Tourism and Climate Change' by Daniel Scott and C. Michael Hall (2011)这篇文章探讨了旅游业对气候变化的影响和贡献，以及旅游业如何应对气候变化。
作者提供了一些案例来说明旅游业如何减少碳排放和推广可再生能源等方面的努力。
5. 'Tourism and Technology' by Dimitrios Buhalis and Adele Ladkin (2015)这篇文章探讨了旅游业与技术之间的联系。
作者分析了移动设备、社交媒体、虚拟现实等技术对旅游业的影响，并提出了一些未来的趋势和挑战。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
文献出处：MacDonald R, Jolliffe L. Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from Canada [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003, 30(2): 307-322.原文Cultural rural tourism: Evidence from CanadaRoberta ; JolliffeAbstractTourism has become a development tool for many rural and more isolated areas to supplement traditional industries that are often in decline. In this paper, development of cultural rural tourism is examined in a case study of a French Acadian region on an island in eastern Canada. The roles of culture and community-based partnerships are considered in a proposed framework with four evolving development stages. The findings suggest that the framework is useful for rural tourism development; that culture, which is often well preserved in rural areas, is a valuable resource to include; and that community-based partnerships such as cooperatives may be very effective.Keywords: cultural tourism; rural development; community-based partnership IntroductionRural communities and peripheral areas such as islands face the challenge of continuous economic development. Where primary traditional industries such as fishing and farming are in decline, tourism often becomes another tool to help create jobs and to raise the standards of living. These areas realize this potential throughdevelopment of local resources, culture, and heritage. The integration of such alternative sources may help to sustain local economies and to encourage local development. Actually many tourists seek rural destinations which offer pleasant experiences related to the natural environment, historic heritage, and cultural patterns. It is this culture and heritage that are often well preserved between generations in rural areas and it is in periods of economic decline that their residents seem to cling more to a distinct heritage. Culture and tourism then become resources for socioeconomic development in rural and peripheral communities. This has been observed in studying cultural tourism in many of the small islands of the North Atlantic.The rural tourism concept has many interpretations (Page and Getz, 1997 and Sharpley et al., 1997).Bramwell and Lane (1994) propose that rural tourism can include activities and interests in farms, nature, adventure, sport, health, education, arts, and heritage. In 1996, Pedford expands the concept into living history such as rural customs and folklore, local and family traditions, values, beliefs, and common heritage.Turnock (1999) further broadens the view of rural tourism to embrace all aspects of leisure appropriate in the countryside. Given these various findings, the concepts for this particular study are integrated as cultural rural tourism. This is defined as referring to a distinct rural community with its own traditions, heritage, arts, lifestyles, places, and values as preserved between generations. Tourists visit these areas to be informed about the culture and to experience folklore, customs, natural landscapes, and historical landmarks. They might also enjoy other activities in a ruralsetting such as nature, adventure, sports, festivals, crafts, and general sightseeing. This concept fits the WTO (1994) finding that environmental and cultural heritage are major themes that can be conserved for future use while benefiting the present. Cultural rural tourism developmentTo help understand the cultural rural tourism process, a framework is proposed for analysis of the development activities that occur in the case study. The framework is based on a variety of sources that indicate a niche for providing tourists an educational, adventuresome, and enriching experience. The sources include the model by Lewis (1998), the tourism product lifecycle findings of Butler (1980) and Hill (1993), and the findings by Prohaska (1995) for the development of cultural tourism in island destinations, which are often rural areas. Also considered are Pedford’s findings (1996) that local residents need to become involved as part of an area’s living history to aide local cultural tourism. The host provides the knowledge of traditions and folklore which contribute to tourists’authentic experiences without endangering the resource concerned. This fits with the US National Trust Heritage Tourism program that promotes heritage development by balancing short-term gain and long-term preservation. The framework as shown inTable 2 incorporates the findings of these studies.Stage one is the initial evolution when a rural region employs the tourism concept in its economic development process. This involves the integration of cultural and rural resources into the socioeconomic planning for a community. The process seems to begin slowly when a few tourists arrive in the community and someresidents see an opportunity. This stage includes more of individual offerings. The second stage evolves from this simple start. It is the stage to plan and to implement strategies that start to benefit the whole region. This will develop into more formal plans based on cooperation among the community’s residents, organizations, and businesses. In rural areas, this might involve partnerships between local and regional groups as well as national organizations and various levels of government. Page and Getz (1997)discuss the importance of community cooperation and partnerships in rural tourism. Prohaska (1995) also notes that local hosts tend to seek government assistance for heritage areas with unique or distinct identities that have been developed over generations. At this stage, examples may include festivals and special cultural events to attract more tourists into an area.The third stage is developing the plans into more advanced and formal cultural rural tourism offerings that benefit the community in the short-term and conserve the resources for the long-term. At this stage, there are increased efficiency and effective development of more permanent attractions, activities, and educational programs of the natural environment, historical sites, and cultural experiences. A tourism organization for the region also takes control of the process to ensure more coherent and integrated marketing of the area. The final stage is the fully centralized planning and implementing of tourism in the rural region. At this point, the planning should be responsible, appropriate, and enduring for short and long-term community benefits while also preserving its resources. It is at this fourth stage that five principles proposed by the US National Trust play a role to help guide the preservation oflong-term cultural rural tourism. These principles include authenticity and quality, education and interpretation, preservation and protection, local priorities and capacity, and partnerships (Prohaska 1995). In general, this framework is like a pyramid with a few people at the top in stage one starting the process slowly. By stage four, the base is broad and includes many people and organizations working in team efforts in the process for the benefit of the whole region.译文乡村文化旅游:来自加拿大的案例研究罗伯塔; 乔利夫摘要旅游业已经成为许多农村和偏远地区的重点开发产业，用以补充当地的传统产业。