1992-2010考研英语翻译题集
考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010
1994年英译汉试题71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。
考研翻译真题解析
1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题(附带答案和详细解析)
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. ___1___ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times. ___3___ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware. ___5___ more significantly, it will ___6___ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes___7___ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was ___8___ to the vocabu lary. In short, the___9___ importance of the shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. ___12___, when it has accomplished its ___13___, it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step ___15___ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. ［A］In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］With[解析] 本题考核知识点：介词的用法。
2010年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
C 优质报纸能保留大量的读者。 D 年轻的读者怀疑评论文章是否适合刊登在日报上 22. 二战之前，英国报纸评论的主要特点是 A 自由的主题。 B 风格随意 C 布局精心 D 观点激进 23. Shaw 和 Newsman 最有可能同意下列哪种说法 A 实现新闻业的目标是作家的责任 B 作家成为新闻工作者是鄙视的 C 作家可能被吸引到新闻工作中去 D 并不是所有作家都能胜任新闻工作 24. 从最后两端可以获知 Cardus 的那些信息 A 他的音乐评论也许不再吸引现在的读者 B 他作为音乐评论家的声誉一致备受争议 C 他的风格主要迎合现代专业人士的口味 D 他的作品未能跟上业余传统 25. 本文最好的标题是 A 过去美好时光中的报纸 B 报纸中消失的视角 C 新闻界令人悲哀的衰退 D 记忆中的杰出评论家
但为君故系列
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得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加， 起初只是一些新兴的网络公司对于某些特 定类型的在线交易系统试图争取独家专有权。后来，更多的公司竞相添加这样的 专利权，希望这样一个防御性的行为可以先下手为强。2005 年，IBM 公司在一 份法院报告中声称：尽管怀疑这种专利授权的法律基础，但它已经申请了 300 多份商业方法专利。同样，当一些华尔街投资公司出席某些反对其金融产品的法 庭案件时，他们会给其各类金融产品申请专利来作为自己的维权武器。 前面提到的 Bilski 案例牵扯到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风 险规避方法（注：也可译为“套期保值或对冲风险” ） 。上诉法院罕见地裁定，该 案件将不由三位法官听审，而是由全部十二名法官共同进行。另外，上诉法院还 宣布，它想探讨的另一件事情是是否应该“重审”道富银行的裁决。 联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。 最高法院最近做出了一系列的判 决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授 予了一些显而易见的“发明” 。乔治华盛顿大学法律学院的专利法律师 Harold C. Wegner 教授表示， “联邦巡回法院的法官们正在对最高法院的反专利动态做出反 应” 。 26. 商业方法专利权最近备受关注因为 A 他们对商业的价值有限 B 他们与资产配置有关系 C 他们的授予可能受到限制 D 他们的获批引起争议 27. 下面对于“美国道富银行案”的叙述中，哪一项是正确的 A 对该案件的裁决与法院的决议一致 B 该案件涉及一笔很大的商业交易 C 该案件已经被联邦巡回法院驳回 D 该案件有可能改变美国的法律惯例 28. “about-face”（第三段第一行）的意思最有可能是 A 善意缺失 B 敌意增加 C 态度改变 D 尊严提升 29. 由最后两段我们可以知道，商业方法专利权 A 不会受到法律挑战的影响 B 经常没必要的签发 C 降低对专利持有人的尊重 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
历年考研英语翻译汇总(完美打印版)
2010年46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。
49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
1992年考研英语真题与解析
1992 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. ___1___ it, astronauts willacquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times. ___3___ byreusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientificinquiry, as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware. ___5___ more significantly, it will ___6___materials and machines into space for industrial purposes ___7___ two decades ago when“sputnik ”(artificial satellite) w_a_s_8___to the vocabulary. In short, the ___9___ importance ofthe shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane.___12___, when it has accomplished its ___13___, it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about twoweeks.The space shuttle, the world ?s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step ___15___ making theimpossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. ［A ］In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］With[解析] 本题考核知识点：介词的用法。
1992年考研英语试题及参考答案（2）
Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage there four choices labelled A, B, C,and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by blackening(15 points) The key to the industrialization of space is the U. S. space shuttle.(46) it, astronautswill acquire a workhouse vehicle (47) of flying into space and returning many tiems. (48)_ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65 ,OOO pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for si-entific inquiry , as (49) as a variety of military hardware. (50) more significantly, itwill (51) materials and machines into space for industrial purposes (52) two decades agowhen "sputnik" ( artificial satellite) was (53) to vocabulary. In short, the (54) im-portance of the shuttle lies in its (55) as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle (56) is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an air-plane. (57), when it has accomplished its (58), it can be ready for (59) trip inabout two weeks.The space shuttle, the world' s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step (60) makingthe impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46. A. In B. On C. By D. With47. A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit48. A. Served B. Powered C. Forced D Reinforced49. A. far B. well C. much D. long .50. A. Then B. Or C. But D. So51 . A. supply B. introduce C. deliver D. transfer52. A. unimagined B. unsettled C. uncovered D. unsolved53. A. attributed B. contributed C. applied D. added54. A. general B. essential C. prevailing D. ultimate55. A. promise B. prosperity C. popularity D. priority56. A. exceptional B. strange C. unique D. rare57. A. Thus B. Whereas C. Nevertheless D. Yet58. A. venture B. mission C. commission D. responsibility59. A. new B. another C. certain D. subsequent60. A. for B. by C. in D. throughⅣ. Each of the fnllowing sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labelied A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the AN.SWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your cor-rection on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. ( 1O points)61. Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dlckens far more exciting thanA B CThackeray .D62. People cannot but feel puzzling , for they simply cannot understand how he could have madeA B C Dsuch a stupid mistake.63. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprisedA B Cus all.D64 . The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affect the quality of the products.A B C D65. I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.A B C D66. The problem of unemployment the govemments want solved is as serious as never in theseA B Cunderdeveloped countries .D67 . Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via sound, informationA Bwhich both the life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.C D68. It was not so much the many blows he received for the lack of fighting spirit that led toA B Chis losing the game.D69 . Those part-time students expected to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summerA B C Dvacation .70 . With production having gone up steadily , the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of rawA B C Dmaterials .V . Read the following passgge carefully and then tranlate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points) Intelligence' at best is an assumptive construct-the meaning of the word has never beenclear. (71 ) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior refeued to by the term than there ison how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence isone who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. Art intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's ca-pacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does notmeasure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It isnot supposed to-it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticise it for such failure isroughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity .The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject isessentially a comparative affair.(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure thatthe scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. It ishere that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at leastthree factors: the intention to do one's best, the knowledge required for understanding what youhave to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who arebeing compared , if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations inour culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable , and the value of intelligence test-ing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what weare interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child win do betteror worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require 'general intelligence' .(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only ifthe child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whomhe is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed .。
2010考研英语二 翻译题、参考答案和来源分析
2010考研英语二翻译题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，―可持续性‖已经成为了一个流行的词语。
但是，对特德宁来说，他对这个词有着自身的体会。
在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为续的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来。
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活。
在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约。
It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‖ Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，―那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，‖宁如是说。
1992年考研英语真题
1992年考研英语真题考研英语真题是练习和了解考试要求的重要资源之一。
通过解析和模拟真题，考生可以更好地了解考试形式、题型要求和答题技巧。
下面是1992年考研英语真题及参考答案，供考生参考。
参考答案：1992年考研英语真题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.People make sense of the world through stories. We tell stories about our experiences and use them to argue 1 plishingly at work, or least that's how it’s supposed to work. But people get known 2 problems when they hear only one of the two sides of a story. We feel cheated when we find that versions of events we’ve been told 3 only hearing the official explanation and not the perspectives of the agency, which maybe liable under the law.4 understand another person’s perspective is not to agree, but rather to find a way 4 it and talk about it respectfully. But to be5 to do that we need to develop our empathetic muscle. The more6 we articulate our own perspectives, the more likely we are to engage in dialogues that areproductive instead of 7 . The more we listen to each other’s ideas, the more creative and productive we all become.The point is that ideas and innovation do not happen in a 8 . They happen in the fertile spaces between different 9 , things, and people. We need all of the diverse perspectives to create change, to 10 to spark each other, and to create the best possible outcomes.1.[A]converted [B] appalled [C] unreservedly [D] explicitly2.[A]around [B] into [C] through [D]way3.[A]thereby [B]by [C]from [D]by way of4.[A]through [B]away [C]over [D]across5.[A]alert [B]entitled [C] sensitive [D] abandon6.[A]straightforward [B]effective [C] acceptable [D] sensitively7.[A] constructive [B]silent [C] uncertain [D]creative8.[A]vacuum [B] manner [C]void [D]cycle9.[A]minds [B] ways [C]ideas [D]steps10.[A]begin [B]purpose [C]tend [D]causeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following text:That Franklin Roosevelt was President of the United States four times seems natural to us citizens who were familiar with the events of his era.His personality was so dominant that he made us feel that no one else was fitted for the great post or could handle the vast powers of the presidency.For twenty years this man administered the affairs of our troubled nation, seven as New York’s governor and thirteen as President. It is difficult to imagine today the dark depression years when gloom hung over the land and a third of our population was unemployed, destitute and hungry. The nation that Roosevelt inherited in 1933 was in the depths of its most serious economic setback, (The Great Depression).How did he work, what methods got us out the Depression, and by what means did he manage to remove the gloom and build a never, more prosperous nation? He never revealed the secret of that success, economists, historians and businessmen were left to study his methods and an attempt to find the secret.幸福彩票下载安装sted in the public and guarded the confidence of family and friends, his whole was dedicated to his people and above 启us a m?45. Why did the author say, "It is difficult to imagine today the dark depression years" (Line 6)?A. Because it was a terrible time that no one would want to recall.B. Because people today are not familiar with the historical events.C. Because the country has since experienced a rapid development.D. Because it was too far away from the present time to remember.46. According to the author, what did Roosevelt's administration achieve?A. The abolishment of The Great Depression.B. The removal of gloom and poverty.C. The accomplishment of general prosperity.D. The establishment of his reputation.47. Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt as President?A. Skilled and all-knowing.B. Dominant and unique.C. Talented and business-minded.D. Confident and friendly.48. What does the author think of Roosevelt as the President?A. He was an extraordinary leader.B. He was a mysterious character.C. He was a socialist thinker.D. He was a modest achiever.Section Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPart BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage TwoQuestions 69 to 73 are based on the following passage:Peter Forrester, the author of a bestselling book on time, is convinced that today is the busiest we have ever been. Even when we are not doing anything, we are busy. The effect is that the train of thought is interrupted. Before the mind can wander and dream about something impossible, dream landscapes used to stretch before the inner eye, episodes and jokes from friends appeared to amuse us just as often since, on echo, they came from within. There is no time for boredom. Pascal Brukner says that many people avoid this state of mind by "interrupt-ing their life by filling it with nonsense." He complains that time has become a joke and 一the worst of it is wives and children are always around demanding attention.There is no place to hide, the day doesn’t cost the effort of dressing up. When you go shopping for a few nails and bolts, the whole neighborhood is booming, but if you wish to have a tete-a-tete with yourself, it is difficult to find even with a magnifying 旅创建69. What does today' s generation mainly complain about according to the passage?A. Being too busy for anything.B. Being bored all the time.C. Having too many distractions.D. Having no time to think or dream.70. What is true of people today according to Peter Forrester?A. They suffer from a lack of daydreaming.B. They are always on the move but achieving nothing.C. They are constantly thinking about impossible things.D. They can no longer tolerate any moments of silence.71. What does "filling time with nonsense" mean according to Pascal Brukner?A. People filling time with meaningless activities.B. People actively avoiding silence and boredom.C. People joking about how busy they are.D. People interrupting others' lives with their own problems.72. What does the author say about going shopping in the present day?A. It is a challenging task.B. It can be an overwhelming experience.C. It is an easy way to avoid boredom.D. It is a noisy and chaotic activity.73. What does the author imply in the last sentence?A. It has become difficult to find self-reflection time amidst the busy lifestyle.B. It is hard to find a quiet place in the neighborhood.C. Wives and children are a constant source of noise and interruptions.D. Looking at oneself closely can be a challenging task.。
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. （46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, （47）but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. （48）Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. （49）In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. （50）It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.解析：（46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救shaky不可靠的，站不住脚的to the effect 大意是；大致是说eat us up 吃掉我们【解析】本题考查的知识点是：固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。
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1992年翻译真题精解版(2009-09-02 11:53:56)标签：黄涛考研翻译分类：翻译篇1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语） is more（比较结构） agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构） there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it 指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
谓语是is roughly comparable to （comparable to这一词组表示类比，可译为“如同……一样”）criticizing a thermometer for…velocity。
（for 是动词criticizing要求的）。
参考译文：批评智力测验没有测试孩子的性格等情况，大概犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。
测试点：代词和名词指代；动词（criticize）+(for)介词短语；形容词短语举一反三：在翻译中遇到代词时一定要到前面去找其指代的内容，一般说来it, they, them都要求把其指代的名词说出来。
指代的依据一般是就近原则和单复数原则。
比如it只能指代前面的单数名词或整个句子。
73. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’ or ‘fair’ comparison.结构分析：Now since相当于now that, 引导的是个状语从句，一直到matter 结束，状语从句结束时应该用逗号，但英语经常把状语从句后的逗号省略，主句是we must be后面部分，be sure of 后面接的that宾语从句必须要省略介词of。
宾语从句里用the scale 做主语，后面接了介词加which引导的定语从句，the scale的谓语是provides.测试学专业词汇：subjects试验对象；scale尺度；参考译文：既然对智力的测试是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象作比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；宾语从句；专业词汇举一反三：1．在be+ 形容词+of+ that从句这个结构中of必须要省略，但接其它从句介词of不能省略，比如：be aware that(意识到)；be confident that(有信心)；还有关于测试学的专业词汇要多记。
2．英语中的状语和状语从句放到主句前面，但在结束之后经常省略逗号，因而造成翻译理解的障碍，要特别注意学会断句。
但状语从句放到主句后面的时候，不用打逗号。
比如：According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
这句话里用了according to介词短语做状语，但后面没有用逗号，全句应该这么理解：According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
另外还有As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past. 全句需要在future后面打个逗号，句子的层次就很清楚了。
74．The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.结构分析：全句的主句The first two must be equal for all who are being compared；其中for是个介词，理解为“对...来说”；all 是个代词，意思是所有被比较者，who引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词all. 被动结构是are being compared，应该理解“做比较”。
if引导的是个条件状语从句，主语是any comparison，后面的介词短语是个固定短语，in terms of (就...而言，从…方面)；第二被动结构是is to be made，应该翻译成主动意思。
equal属于熟词生义，理解为“一样的，同样的”。
参考译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；被动结构；介词短语in terms of举一反三：熟悉英语的被动句子的翻译，尽量翻译成为主动的意思。
75．On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.结构分析：On the whole是个介词短语，放在句首，要单独翻译。
全句的主语是such a conclusion；被动结构can be drawn做谓语；介词短语with a certain degree of confidence做状语，修饰前面的动词drawn。
but表示“但是”的意思，后面接了两个句子并列：第一是only if（只要）the child can be assumed to（被动结构）have had the same attitude towards the test as the others （others指代其他孩子）；其中短语the same…as.理解为（与….一样）；with whom 引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词the others。
代词he指代前面的孩子。
第二个并列结构是and only if引导的条件状语从句；被动结构was not punished翻译成主动，by lack of相当于for lack of （因为缺乏）；which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词information。
参考译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须能够假定，这个孩子对测试的态度和与其进行比较的其它孩子是相同的；并且能够假定，他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而受惩罚（被扣分测试点：并列结构；被动结构；定语从句；固定短语。