高考英语语法专题——专题11名词
上海高考英语语法复习11名词性从句
主语从句
3. when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
__W__h_y____ he refuses to work with you is still a
mystery.
__W__h_e_n___ we must finish our task is an
同位语从句
2. 名词+ wh-引导的从句 I have no idea ___w__h_a_t ____ happened to
him. The question __w_h_e_t_h_e_r___ we could get the
loan from the bank made us upset.
It seems (appears, turns out, occurs) (to sb) that…
Translation
据报道, 强台风将于明天早上登陆上海。 It is reported that strong typhoon will land in Shanghai tomorrow morning.
名词性从句
英语语法复习十一
名词性从句分类
___主_语____从句， ___表_语____从句， __同__位_语___从句， ___宾_语____从句。
名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1. 陈述句作名词性从句, 用 that 引导, 在从句里不作成分, 但不能省
(除宾语从句)。 2. 一般疑问句作名词性从句, 只能用 whether 引导
(除宾语从句用if / whether 均可)。 3. 特殊疑问句作名词性从句, 用连接代词 who / whose / whom / what
高考英语知识清单 (强化版)-专题11 特殊句式 (解析版)
专题11 特殊句式（解析版）Part 1：知识点梳理1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；2.省略的基本原则及用法；3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
知识点1倒装1：完全倒装完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood twotables and four chairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were1,000 students.2：部分倒装部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know whathad happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realizethe importance of English.not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he knowFrench,but also he is expert atit.neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it,nordo I care about it.so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装So busy is he that hecannot go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is,he haslearned a lot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So人或事can I.May you be in good用于表示祝愿的祈使句中health!Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件it in this way.知识点2 省略1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。
届高考英语一轮复习 语法专题训练部分 专题11 名词性从句 03综合演练
综合演练(名词性从句)It was reported__1__there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning.No one saw__2__on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck but fortunately，nobody got injured.__3__will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain about__4__the driver was guilty.__5__the police should do now is__6__they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because__7__the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was__8__the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn't admit the fact__9__he was overspeed driving at the turning.The police doubted__10__what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.[语篇解读] 本文为应用文，报道了一起交通事故。
1．解析：句意：据报道，今天早上在罗马大街的拐角处发生了一起交通事故。
“It be ＋过去分词＋that”为固定句式，其中it为形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试：专题11 名词性从句(知识梳理+考点精讲精练)(原卷版)
专题11 名词性从句养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
1.掌握连接代词和连接副词以及从属连词的用法2.掌握主语从句的考点3.掌握宾语从句的考点4.掌握表语从句的考点5.掌握同位语从句的考点1名词性从句的分类名词性从句，包括四种从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
因为主语、宾语、表语、同位语这四种成分均可以由名词构成，所以这四种从句在主句中都充当了名词的作用，故将这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
2名词性从句的连接词分类1.that（无含义，不充当成分）2.whether,if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分）3.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在从句中做状语）4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句）一、主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
☞That she will succeed is certain.☞It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词(含答案)
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词一、单选题1.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot.A. scissorsB. sectionC. skinD. sympathy2.He graduated from a medical research ______ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.A. dataB. attendanceC. contextD. institute3.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrumentD. requirement4.The employer will bear 80% medical ______ for the employee during the employment period.A. discountB. fareC. feeD. fine5.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A. distanceB. reachC. limitD. arrival6.The of an area of land is a line in people's imagination that separates it from other areas.A. boundaryB. hurdleC. ceilingD. neighborhood7.Finding information in today's world is easy. The________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. knowledgeB. abilityC. competitionD. challenge8.The League member is brave, honest and hard-working. In a word, he is a good boy of many______.A. qualitiesB. principlesC. rewardsD. opinions9.Still a little left on the chair, seeing that, Grandma shouted to the little boy.A. bread, wasB. breads, wereC. bread, wereD. breads, was10.What Darwin said was an attack on people's religious .A. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefesD. believes11.Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.A. inspirationB. compositionC. occupationD. combination12.What is known to my families is that many are in my brother's album.A. stampB. stampsC. booksD. stampes13.The students didn't find much______ about the topic on the website.A. reportB. articleC. informationD. progress14.In universities in China, classes are often arranged in more flexible ___ and a lot of jobs areoffered to the students after graduation.A. patternsB. ranksC. gradesD. scales15.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________.A. theoryB. stormC. routineD. project16.For years，scientists have been worried about the________of air pollution on the earth'snatural conditions.A. effectB. resultC. accountD. cause17.How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for anywesterner to learn such a totally different language.A. adventureB. achievementC. trendD. challenge18.Thanks to the special chemical ________ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economicplant grows well there.A. compositionB. competenceC. constructionD. conclusion19.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you'll see one small step that started it all.A. reputationB. expectationC. recreationD. foundation20.Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and_________.A. burdenB. depressionC. benefitD. sacrifice21.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____________ of global climate change.A. resultB. causeC. warningD. reflection22.—Whose umbrella is it?—It's ________.A. somebody else'sB. Somebody elseC. Somebody's else'sD. Somebody's else23.An important component of any trip to a ______ you haven't visited is a map.A. destinationB. dimensionC. dictationD. distinction24."May I take your order now?" "We'd like three black _______ and two green _______."A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas25.The rising crime is a major_______ of society.A. responsibilityB. conditionC. causeD. concern26.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A. appreciationB. agreementC. attentionD. achievement27.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance28.He sold this car for only 2000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful________.A. costB. worthC. valueD. bargain29.Excuse me, can you change this for me?A. five-pound noteB. five pound noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes30.People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative _______ from superiors.A. considerationB. consequencesC. expectationsD. reactions31.Take it easy. As your best friend, I will help you in my ________.A. powerB. forceC. energyD. strength32.Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .A. distinctionB. innovationC. potentialD. appreciation33.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________ .A. attemptB. experimentC. flightD. glance34.I asked her if she would attend Barbara's party to be held the next week, but she made no______.A. responseB. explanationC. conceptD. affection35.When I turned back, I noticed again there was no _________of him in the mirror.A. pictureB. shadowC. reflectionD. figure36.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick37.If people find out what you are doing here, it will completely ruin your________.A. fortuneB. chanceC. destinationD. reputation38.He wanted to look for a(n) _________suited to his abilities.A. pensionB. preventionC. occupationD. permission39.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A. requireB. inquireC. acquireD. address40.Judging from her _________, I guess she must come from the West of America.A. voiceB. soundC. noiseD. accent41.The ______ is the degree to which something is good or bad.A. qualityB. quantityC. scale42.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination.A. conceptB. responsibilityC. identityD. personality43.Have you heard the traffic ________that happened in Yatai Street last week?A. accidentB. affairC. incidentD. event二、语法填空44.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________ (describe)．45.The cinema has little________ (attract) for some people.46.Some students hold the view that universities should be centers of ________ (cultural).47.The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the ________ (challenge) faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.48.Good books are of great ________ (valuable) to students.5答案一、单选题1.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。
透析高考英语语法专题—名词(精)
3.以o结尾的名词变复数无规律可言，但中学阶段以o结尾变复数加es的单词可概括为“两人两菜”：Negro黑人；hero英雄；tomato番茄；potato马铃薯。其他加s。
4.以f/fe结尾的名词变复数也无规律可言，但中学阶段以f/fe结尾变复数改f/fe为v加es的单词可概括为“贼(thief)的妻子(wife)头戴树叶(leave)用架子(shelf)上的半(half)把小刀(knife)结束了一只狼(wolf)的生命(life)”。其他加s。
翻译下列句子
1. I'd like a coffee.
2. Travelling on that lonely island was a terrible experience.
结论：
不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下，可以使用。
如a coffee意为“一杯咖啡”，此时coffee变成个体名词；“He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”，此时failure具体化，由抽象名词变为个体名词。
写出下列各组词的复数形式
（一）
class__________match__________box__________ brush__________
（二）
play__________ story___________
（三）
tomato__________ potato__________zoo __________hero __________
指出画线部分单词的含义
1. Healthy diet should includevegetables.
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题 11-名词性从句专题练习(含高考真题)
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题11-名词性从句专题练习距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
[基础练习】1.单句填空1.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _______you think your real interests lie.2.Frank Hurdey, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images,most of_______had never before been published.3.Many young people,most of________were well-educated, beaded for remote regions to chase their dreams.4.Some people think that the great Chinese.scholar Confucius,_________lived roughly from 551B.C to 479 B.C, influenced the development of chopsticks5.________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.6.It is often the case_______ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.7. We need to get to the root of the problem_______ we can solve it8.We must find out_______Karl is coming, so that we can book a room for him.9.It was believe_______on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors good harvest.10.For ten years, there was no evidence________this figure existed.11.There's no doubt________ more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day?12.The ideal nap depends on________you want from that nap.13.It is_________is written on the signs inside the bus that matters.II.单句改错1.I was wondering why was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly.2.Which impresses me most is Miss Zhang's way of teaching.3.The school can even hold a competition to see whom can cook the most delicious food4.They are only concerned that whether they can get high grades.5.How much one enjoys his travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.[巩固练习】单句填空1.[2021 广东四市联考,43]After a typically dry summer, California is heading into ________normally is the most dangerous time for wildfires when fall comes.2.[2021 北京朝阳区期中,19]What we do and________we act affect everyone, not just ourselves.3.[2021 湖北黄冈质量检测,62]___________makes the Harbin festival special are the scale and size of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting.4.[2021 天津河西区期中,14]He did not see the film last night. That is_________he had to help his little sister with her homework.5.[2021江苏南京六校联考,65]Taking a gap year before you move into further education offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on________university is right for you.6.[2020广东深圳二测,68]The syrup(糖浆)finally turned into a solid coating, like the crystal on the surface of haws. That is______ they are also called bingtanghulu.7.[2020陕西五校联考,61]It is expected______over 100,000 people will take part in the massive parade at Beijing's Tian'anmen Square on the morning of Oct 1.8.[2020贵州贵阳四校联考,70]And there you can learn _________people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.9.[2020山东省实验中学二诊,65]And that's really ________makes the whole journey so much fun.10.[2020山东潍坊期中,60This is_______many people fall short: You should wash your hands for at least 20 seconds.单句改错1. Do not let any failures discourage you forever in your daily life, for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.2.Fear of failure is that prevents people from making great achievements.3. What a dic tionary can meet the users’ needs has been a key to the assessment of the quality of the dictionary.4. Water is a basic resource for all cultures, especially the old cultures in Europe and Asia, so that is because the Access Water project focuses on water.5. Nowadays, more and more parents tend to take the strong wish seriously what more freedom and encouragement should be provided for their children.[拔高练习】Passage1(2020四川仁寿县教考联盟联考改编)It was a hot summer day ___1____found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The____2____(close)I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for a 1l-year-old boy in 1961.Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air ___3_____ instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of pure___4_____(happy).I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.There I sat, considering my next move.Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy , rows and rows of it.I chose five candy bars, ___5____brought my total to 25 cents.I hurried ___6______ (direct)to my backyard,____7_____an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, siting in the shade against its strong trunk,I read my books and ate my candy.As I sat in my own ___8_____(person)heaven,I started to think about having more. That's _____9_ a fantastic life-changing idea popped into my head: ___10_____I could get more money,I could buy anything I wanted. That's how the idea all started.短文改错（2021 四川成都摸底测试）Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 ,I was stuck at home for a period of time, lived a life Id never experienced. At first,I hated the virus for causing panic. Besides,I gradually became thankful for that I learned. Everyone joined together and fight together, from which I understand what a great nation we live in it. Ialso understand how closely people are connecting That's because we should help each other out in time of difficult. In addition, we should also take step and review our relationship with nature.I believe everyone has leaned something and the reflection will ensure us a better tomorrow and a bright future.参考答案：课前检测:1.what 2.whether 3.where 4.that 5.who 6.what 7.how 8.whoever 9.whether/if 10.that基础练习：单句填空 1.where 2.which 3.whom 4.who 5.while/Though/Though 6.that 7.before 8.when 9.that 10.that 11 .that 12.what 13.what单句改错：1.why-what 2.Which-What 3.whom- who 4.删除that 5.what-who巩固练习单句填空：1.what 2.how 3.what 4.because 5.whether 6.why 7.that 8.how 9.what 10.where单句改错：1.that-how 2.that-what 3.what-whether 4.because-why 5.what-that拔高练习：语法填空：1.that 2.closer 3.that/which 4.happiness 5.which 6.directly 7.where 8.personal 9.when 10.If单位改错:1.lived- living 2.Besides-However 3.that-what 4.fight-fought 5.删除it 6.connecting-connected 7.because-why 8.difficult-difficulty 9.step-steps 10.bright-brighter高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
专题11 语法填空说明类专练——高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷【通用版】
专题十一语法填空说明类专练——高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
考点01：冠词考点02：代词考点03：介词和介词短语考点04：名词考点05：形容词和副词考点06：非谓语动词考点07：动词的时态和语态考点08：定语从句考点09：名词性从句考点10：并列连词考点11：状语从句1. Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrowhutong ①_________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ②_________ (build) system of ring roads.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ③_________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ④_________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ⑤_________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ⑥_________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ⑦_________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ⑧_________ (record) everything I discovered.The ⑨_________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ⑩_________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.2. Emojis are small symbols representing ideas, emotions or feelings, ①_________ come in different categories, such as faces and people, plants and animals, and food and drink.When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis ②_________ (limit) to 176 simple designs. Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate. It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language. People like them because they add ③_________ (emotion) meaning, and are quick and easy ④_________ (use). In fact, this is similar ⑤_________ the gestures we use when we speak. With a smiling or sad face ⑥_________ (add) to a message or post, your reader can "see" your facial expression while ⑦_________ (read) your words.Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they can't find the appropriate words. The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature. The intention of these ⑧_________ (adapt) is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.In all, emojis have ⑨_________ tendency to pop up all over the place. But this makes others, especially educators, worry that we are losing the ability to communicate ⑩_________ (proper) using the written word, or even the spoken word.3. In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ①_____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ②_____ gives an indication of whethersomeone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ③_____(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ④_____(consider) healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ⑤_____ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ⑥_____(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ⑦_____(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ⑧_____(sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people ⑨_____(live) in the countryside, including ⑩_____(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.4. There are two main sets of modem Olympic Gaines—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both ① _____(hold) every four years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics ②_____(usual) take place two years before the Summer Games.In the Summer Olympics, there are running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. And in the Winter Olympics, there are competitions like skiing and ice skating ③_____ need snow and ice. That's why they are called the Winter Olympics.In ancient times, ④_____(athlete) from the Greek world competed against each other just for the honour of ⑤_____(win). No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! Nowadays any country can take part ⑥_____ the Olympic Gaines if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has ⑦_____(it) own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, and team sports.For each Olympics, a special village is built for athletes ⑧_____(live) in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. As ⑨_____ matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity. It's a great ⑩_____(responsible) but also a great honour to be chosen.5. Beijing Opera, ①_________(know) as China's national opera, also called Peking Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a combination of music, dance, art and acrobatics (杂技). It is the most influential and representative of all operas in China. It is called Beijing Opera because it is formed in Beijing. Beijing Opera has ②_________ history of 200 years and its origin can date back to old local operas, especially Anhui Opera, ③_________ was very popular in northern China in the 18th century. In 1790, the first Anhui Opera performance ④_________ (hold) in Beijing to celebrate the Emperor's birthday.Later, some other Anhui Opera troupes (班子) ⑤_________ (continue) performing in Beijing. Anhui Opera was easy ⑥_________ (move) and good at absorbing the acting styles of other types of operas. Beijing accumulated many local operas, ⑦_________ (make) Anhui Opera improve quickly.⑧_________ the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, after the marriage for 10 years, Beijing Opera finally formed, and became the ⑨_________ (big) of all operas in China. We can ⑩_________ (honest) say that Beijing Opera is the most important opera in China.6. Some scientists say there ①_______(be) no enough land for Earth in the near future. So, some other places should be found by us to live. While some scientists are considering building communities on the moon and Mars, other scientists feel independent space stations could bring many more ②_______ (benefit).So, what is wrong ③_______ the moon or Mars? Firstly, the distances are a problem. The moon is about 384,000 kilometres from Earth. Mars is over 55 million kilometres away. The journey to the moon takes from four to eight days, ④_______ the one to Mars takes from six to eight months. It will be both time-consuming(费时的) and ⑤_______ (danger) to get settlers to these distant places. Moreover, it takes a message up to 44 minutes to go from Earth to Mars, ⑥_______ (make) fast communication impossible. However, ⑦_______ space station circling Earth is just a few hours away, ⑧_______ makes the trip much cheaper and communication ⑨_______ (relative) easy. Furthermore, the absence of light at night on the moon and Mars isn't a good thing either. On a space station, however, the sun's energy can be made available, which ⑩_______ (support) mankind living there 24 hours a day.答案以及解析1.答案：to；built；which/that；wonders；but；Having visited；was amazed；recording；remarkable；means解析：①介词 from...to..."从……到……"，是固定用法。
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1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，69)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。
由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。
3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语。
a sense ofachievem ent “成就感”。
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.答案：days few修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。
every few days “每隔几天”。
8．(2016·江苏高考，阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt，由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects。
9．(2016·北京高考，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列。
10．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语，stress “压力，紧张”，是不可数名词。
句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受。
一、可数名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
(一)名词复数的规则变化(二)名词复数的不规则变化二、不可数名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。
1．常考的不可数名词2．抽象名词具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：3．物质名词的复数现象(1)有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物。
paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文)custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)arm(胳膊)—arms(武器，装备)air(空气)—airs(摆架子，装腔作势)(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式，表示由大量该物质组成的事物。
sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠)water(水)—waters(水域，水体)time(时间)—times(时代)wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)(3)有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类，如food, wine,metal, fish, vegetable等。
The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名词的所有格1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加's表示其所有格。
today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加's所有格。
for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4．无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加's，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.答案：measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断，主语应用复数形式measures。
2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a wide variety of ________ (apple).答案：apples a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”，修饰复数名词。
句意：在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。
3．The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案：lives 句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式，由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语。
4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________(communicate).答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词， a form ofcommunication “一种沟通方式”。
5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.答案：choice 形容词no后面应跟名词。
have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”，固定搭配。
6．Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校将做出调整。
make adjustments是固定表达，意为“做出调整”。
7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.答案：thought 句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案。
认真考虑，然后告诉我。
some后应跟名词，thought “思索，考虑”。
8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungrystomach.答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空后是名词stomach，提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故用child的所有格形式。
9．When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.答案：balance 句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。