四级阅读必考的四大逻辑关系
阅读理解中的逻辑关系解题技巧课件
阅读理解中的逻辑关系解题技巧课件在阅读理解中，逻辑关系的把握对于准确理解文章含义、正确回答问题起着至关重要的作用。
掌握逻辑关系解题技巧，能够帮助我们更快速、更有效地读懂文章，提高答题的准确性。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨阅读理解中常见的逻辑关系及其解题技巧。
一、常见的逻辑关系1、因果关系因果关系是指某个事件或情况导致了另一个事件或情况的发生。
在文章中，通常会使用“因为”“所以”“由于”“致使”“从而”等词语来表示因果关系。
例如：“因为下雨，所以他取消了出行计划。
”这里“下雨”是原因，“取消出行计划”是结果。
2、转折关系转折关系表示前后内容在意思上发生了相反或相对的变化。
常见的转折词有“但是”“然而”“可是”“不过”“却”等。
比如：“他虽然努力学习，但是成绩依然不理想。
”“努力学习”与“成绩不理想”形成了转折。
3、并列关系并列关系是指几个事物或情况在同一层面上相互独立、同等重要。
表示并列关系的词语有“和”“以及”“同时”“一方面……另一方面……”等。
例如：“他喜欢阅读和写作。
”“阅读”和“写作”是并列的两个爱好。
4、递进关系递进关系表示在原有基础上进一步发展或加深。
常用的递进词有“不仅……而且……”“甚至”“更”等。
如：“他不仅学习好，而且品德优秀。
”强调了在学习好的基础上，品德更加优秀。
5、条件关系条件关系说明某个结果的产生需要一定的条件。
常见的条件词有“只要……就……”“只有……才……”“除非……否则……”等。
例如：“只要你努力，就一定能成功。
”“努力”是成功的条件。
二、解题技巧1、关注逻辑关联词在阅读文章时，要特别留意出现的逻辑关联词，它们往往是提示逻辑关系的重要标志。
一旦发现这些词语，要迅速判断其所属的逻辑关系类型，并根据这种关系来理解前后文的含义。
例如，当看到“因为……所以……”时，要明确前面是原因，后面是结果；看到“虽然……但是……”时，要知道重点通常在“但是”后面的内容。
2、结合上下文理解仅仅依靠逻辑关联词还不够，必须结合上下文的具体内容来准确把握逻辑关系。
大学英语四六级仔细阅读答案规律总结
大学英语四六级仔细阅读答案规律总结SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-SANYHUASANYUA8Q8-大学英语四六级仔细阅读答案规律总结1.中心思想与正确答案有什么关系?中心思想是答案。
这个特征具有最明显的科学性。
首先，一篇论证合理的文章，其使用的每个字词、每一句话都应该是为中心思想服务的，而大学英语四六级考试中所选的文章肯定是写得好的文章，所以文章中的所有细节都应该是服务于中心思想的。
其次，大纲要求命题专家在出题时，也得让考生在思考文章中心的基础上答题，所以考题的正确答案必须与中心思想一致，否则就违背了考试大纲。
所以，有了这两点依据，我们可以相信，如果某一选项与中心思想(文章的中心思想或段落的中心思想)一致，它很可能是正确答案。
2.照抄原文的选项和同义替换的选项与正确答案有什么关系?照抄原文一般不是答案；同义替换可能是答案。
“偷天换日”是出题人常用的又一伎俩，利用考生做题时间紧，很多细节来不及细看，甚至来不及将所有的四个选项看完这一薄弱之处，将干扰项做成与原文句子结构及词汇都几乎一模一样的形式，只略微改动其中的一个词或几个词，从而造成意思上的变化；或者利用原文中的词来伪造选项或断章取义，使干扰项亦真亦假，是非难辨。
这种干扰项多半是前半句甚至是前大半句是原文内容，只是换了最后几个词，让人防不胜防。
我们在做题时就得心中有数，对照抄原文的选项要小心上当，而对选项中原文词句的同义替换敏感。
3.含义肯定的选项和含义不肯定的选项与正确答案有什么关系?含义肯定、绝对的一般不是答案，含义不肯定的可能是答案。
前面我们谈到考点“路标”时曾说过：强烈的表达容易成为考点，原因是它们都有一个共同特点：概念绝对，答案惟一，无论是命题还是答题，不会产生歧义和疑问，因此容易命题，答案不会模棱两可。
但到了选项之后，情况正好相反，肯定、绝对的选项往往容易把话说过了，而不肯定的选项却因为涵盖面宽，容易成为答案。
英语文章中常见的逻辑关系
英语文章中常见的逻辑关系1.并列关系and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;2.递进关系also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;3.因果关系because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;4.转折关系but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;5.让步关系although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow6.列举（顺序）关系first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;8.时间关系when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;9.条件关系if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;10.举例关系such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;关联词运用实例说明1．表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstratea) Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point.b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c) Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all.d) These are, after all, very familiar species.e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment.f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular.k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n) We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2．表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's morea) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b) And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "k) The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich.o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be.t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.3．表示强调above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubta) Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.d) Books and people certainly affected him.e) Most of the essays were very good indeed.f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.l) Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p) Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.4．表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yeta) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0. 5 per bowl.l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.5．表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlya) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c) Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.d) Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatf) Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.6．表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, truea) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.7．表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusa) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.c) Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.d) The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.e) In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.f) The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.g) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 8．表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yeta) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c) Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.g) In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m) It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p) They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.9．表示结论as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarizea)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．b)At last, we were able to afford a house．c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus．d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning．e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office．f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization．h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education.i)In sum，we need to cut costs．j) In summary, do not sell your shares.k) To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.l) To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.10．表示顺序and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d) Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f) First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "i) And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.j) Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k) First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen.l) But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m) The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n) To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o) I' m not going to Vegas. To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work.。
(完整版)英语阅读逻辑关系词
英语阅读逻辑关系词1．因果关系过渡词语：…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second plac e…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not…until; later; formerly; previously;prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比较关系过渡词语：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; simil arly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an example; you may say…11．对比关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a ma tter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all。
大学英语四六级阅读技巧之弄清文章中的逻辑关联——弄清段落之间的逻辑关联
大学英语四六级阅读技巧之弄清文章中的逻辑关联——弄清段落之间的逻辑关联大学英语四六级阅读技巧之弄清文章中的逻辑关联——弄清段落之间的逻辑关联来源：文都教育同学们在做大学英语四六级阅读的时候，明明觉得里面没有不认识的单词，但还是觉得文章读得似懂非懂，做题也做不对答案，问题出在哪儿呢？文都教育大学英语四六级名师结合多年的教学经验，分析得出很大一部分原因在于同学们在做题时没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关联，包括句子之间的关联和段落之间的关联。
如何弄清段落之间的关联呢？文章的各段落是按照某种逻辑顺序发展的。
在阅读时，只要抓住了逻辑的主线，就能很好地理解作者的意思。
段落之间都有哪些逻辑顺序呢？文都教育大学英语四六级名师带你一起梳理。
1)时空顺序在英语文章中，事件的发生、发展都是按照一定的时间、空间以及事情的重要性等逻辑顺序来组织的。
我们的头脑中如果有了一个明确的逻辑顺序，把握了事件在时间、空间发展上的连续性，就有助于快速地理解和抓住中心思想。
这种逻辑关系多见于记叙文、说明文中。
2)对比或比较对比就是把两件事或者是一件事的某两个方面进行对比，从中发现一个事件和另外一个事件的区别，或者是突出一个事件的重要特征和重要性等等。
而比较通常指出的是两种事物的相似之处。
用对比和比较法展开段落主要有两种方式：一是首先叙述完一件事情，再叙述另一件，指出其不同或相同之处，另一种方式是对两件事情同时逐点进行比较。
3)因果关系这类文章通过对事物的成因、结果作出分析，以说明事物的特点，从而证明观点的正确。
或由因推果，由果论因，或由果推果。
有时候是一个原因导致多种结果，有时是多个原因导致一个结果，有时则是多个原因导致多个结果。
这是一种在事实基础上分析来龙去脉的方法。
4)并列关系文章各部分之间的关系是平行的，就是并列式。
这种结构方式一般应用于议论文，但在一些抒情散文和写景散文中也常常见到。
这类文章通常被分成若干部分，从若干方面来叙写、说明和议论，每个部分都是独立完整的部分，各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
大学英语四级考试阅读常见考点
大学英语四级考试阅读常见考点大学英语四级考试阅读常见考点英语四级阅读备考除了具备一定的实力之外还要掌握一定的做题方法，下面我们一起来看一下店铺为大家整理的英语四级阅读常见考点出处，希望对大家有所帮助。
常见阅读考点出处之一逻辑关系：转折四六级大纲在阅读理解部分都指出：测试学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力。
因此，为了有针对性的考查大家对书面信息的获取能力，经过对历年真题的归纳总结发现，四六级考点出处有一定特征。
其中第一大特征就是在逻辑关系处出考题。
店铺先带大家看看大家最熟悉的考点出处：转折处出考点。
常见转折关联词有：but, however, yet, nevertheless, while(然而), on the contrary等等。
真题再现大家先试试身手，不会的话，记得找出真题再做一遍哟!例1：A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs –leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.(2010.6, cet4 )51. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?A. The poorly managed state of her house.B. The high financial costs adding up.C. Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.D. Her daughter's repeated complaints.【答案】D【解析】本段主要描述了Carla T oebe因上网严重影响到生活，最后一句后半句通过转折指出，是她4个女儿的不停抱怨才让她最终意识到自己有了问题(had a problem)，而这一问题正是题干中提到的“spending too much time on the Internet”。
四级作文逻辑关系连接词
四级作文逻辑关系连接词四级作文逻辑关系连接词1.表示强调的连接词indeed, apparently, oddly enough, after all, significantly, interestingly, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly2.表示比较的连接词like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally3.表示对比或转折的连接词but, yet, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on one hand, on the other hand, unlike, instead (of), conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, yet, in contrast, rather than, unfortunately4.表示列举的连接词for example, for instance, such as, take … for example, except (for), to illustrate, for one thing, for another (thing)5.表示时间的连接词eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, meanwhile, recently, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after a while6.表示顺序的连接词first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, to start with, first of all, in the first place, next, last, above all, last but not the least, first and foremost7.表示可能的连接词presumably, probably, perhaps8.用于解释的连接词in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, insimpler terms9.表示结果的连接词as a result, therefore, so, accordingly, consequently, hence10.表示递进的连接词what is more, in addition, and, besides, furthermore, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again11.表示让步的连接词although, after all, in spite of, despite, for all, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen12.表示总结的连接词to sum up, all in all, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, by and large, on the whole, in brief, in short。
四级阅读abcd规律
四级阅读abcd规律
在四级考试中，阅读理解是最为重要的一部分。
针对阅读理解的不同题型，我们可以采用abcd规律进行答题。
abcd规律即：A 与文章内容无关的选项，B 与文章内容相反的选项，C 与文章内容部分相符的选项，D 与文章内容完全相符的选项。
A 选项是与文章完全无关的选项，这种选项通常是一些陈词滥调、空话套话等等，它们并没有任何与文章相关的信息，如果不认真阅读文章的话，就很容易被这些选项误导而做错题。
B 选项是与文章内容相反的选项，这种选项通常会与文章中的信息相反，或者是一些误导性信息。
这种选项往往是为了考察考生的理解力和注意力，所以在选择答案时要仔细阅读每个选项，不要被表面的语言迷惑。
C 选项是与文章内容部分相符的选项，这种选项通常会涉及到文章中的某一个细节或者是局部信息，但并没有完全反映出文章的主旨和中心思想，所以在选择答案时要特别注意。
D 选项是与文章内容完全相符的选项，这种选项通常是文章中的中心思想或者主旨，或者是文章中给出的某一个确凿的信息。
在选择答案时，我们要把握文章的主旨和中心思想，选择与此相符的选项。
通过abcd规律，我们可以更加准确地选择出正确的答案，提高
我们的阅读理解能力，从而在四级考试中获得更好的成绩。
- 1 -。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
四级阅读必考的四大逻辑关系
不少考生提到在备考英语四级考试时，发现阅读中有不少句子超出自己的理解范围。
对于这些句子，我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。
但是如果是在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时，考生比较偏向于一遍一遍地读句子，最后不但没读懂还浪费了时间，影响下面的答题。
下面巨微英语来为大家解析英语四级阅读中常见的四种逻辑关系。
其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释
句子题。
对于这样的题目，我们在不能读懂句子的情况下，能够把握的就是句子的内在关系，即逻辑。
逻辑在解释句子题中的运用尤为重要，以前有学生反映，在考试中其实句子根本就不能读懂，而利用逻辑就能迅速排除选项，从而找到正确的答案。
所以说，逻辑是我们英语四级阅读中的隐形解题帮手，考生们一定要尤为关注。
下面是巨微英语为大家整理出来的英语四级阅读中经常出现的
四大逻辑关系，把握了它们就等于掌握了英语四级阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。
1. 因果关系
因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with
果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce 如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.
在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to
如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply
D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to
He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort.
E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.
2. 对比转折关系
A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand
在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。
While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。
B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however
巨微英语提醒：转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。
3. 比较关系
A 同级比较the same to
B 比较级：more than、-er than
C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain
D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to
E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over
F 最高级，本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding
G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively
H 否定+比较=最高级No one is more outstanding than him.
从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。
4. 否定关系
显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither
隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of
否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable 双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
巨微英语提醒那些准备英语四级的同学，在平时的阅读练习中不妨多多留意句子中的逻辑关系，将以上的归纳知识运用到做题中去，对于理解文章大意将很有帮助。