非谓语动词及虚拟语气
语法实用指南虚拟语气的情态动词与非谓语动词
语法实用指南虚拟语气的情态动词与非谓语动词虚拟语气是英语语法中重要的一部分，它用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等含义。
具体而言，虚拟语气通常由情态动词和非谓语动词来表示。
本文将为你提供一个语法实用指南，详细介绍虚拟语气的情态动词和非谓语动词的用法。
一、虚拟语气的情态动词1. 用于表示假设的情态动词情态动词"should"和"wish"可用于表达假设。
例如：- If I were you, I should make a decision as soon as possible.（虚拟条件句假设）- I wish I could speak fluent French.（对现在状态的希望）2. 用于表示愿望的情态动词情态动词"would"和"wish"还可用于表达愿望。
例如：- I would like to travel around the world.（对未来的愿望）- I wish you would stop making noise.（对现在的愿望）3. 用于表示建议的情态动词情态动词"should"和"wish"也可用于表示建议。
例如：- You should take a rest if you feel tired.（对现在状态的建议）- I wish you would listen to me.（对现在的建议）4. 用于表示命令的情态动词情态动词"would"可用于表示命令，语气委婉。
例如：- Would you please close the door?（对现在状态的命令）二、虚拟语气的非谓语动词1. 用于表示目的的非谓语动词不定式"to" + 动词原形可用于表示目的。
例如：- He bought a book to learn English.（目的）- She returned early to catch the train.（目的）2. 用于表示条件的非谓语动词不定式的"if"从句可用于表示条件。
非谓语动词和虚拟语气专项练习
动名词专项练习1. He thought that ____A. the effort doing the job was not worthB. the effort was not worth in doing the jobC. it was not worth the effort doing the jobD. it was not worth the effort by doing the job2. It’s no use ____ me not to worry.A. you tellB. your tellingC. for you to have toldD. having told3. That young man still denies ____ the fire behind the store.A. startB. to startC. having startedD. to have started4. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay makingB. your delaying makingC. your delaying to makeD. you delay to make5. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested____ at the next town.A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. having stopped6. Mark often attempted to escape ___ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to have been finedC. to be finedD. being fined7. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _____ from you sometime.A. to have heardB. to hearC. for hearingD. hearing8. They are considering ___ before the prices go up.A. of buying the houseB. with buying he houseC. buying the houseD. to buy the house9. No one had told Smith about ___ a lecture the following day.A. there beingB. there beC. there would beD. there was10. Ann never dreams of ____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chanceB. there to be a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chance11. I have no objection ___ your story again.A. to hearingB. to have heardC. to hearD. to having heard12. I have no objection ___ the evening with them.A. to spendB. to spendingC. of spendingD. spending13. The match was cancelled because most of the members____ a match without a standard court.A. objected to havingB. were objected to haveC. objected to haveD. were objected to having14. The traditional approach ____ with complex problem is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A. to dealingB. in dealingC. dealingD. to deal15. He gives people the impression ___ all his life abroad.A. of having spentB. to have spentC. of being spentD. to spend16. The man in the corner confessed to ___ a lie to the manager of the company.A. have toldB. be toldC. being toldD. having told17. After___ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed18. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ___ for her examination.A. to prepareB. to be preparedC. preparingD. being prepared19. Your hair wants-__. You’d better have it done tomorrow.A. cutB. to cutC. cuttingD. being cut20. People appreciate____ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A. to workB. to have workedC. workingD. having workedKeys：1-5 CBCBC6-10 D DCAA11-15 ABAAA16-29 DACCC动词不定式1. I would rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ___ room with someone else.A. shareB. to shareC. sharingD. to have shared2. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____ in broad daylight yesterday.A. being robbedB. having been robbedC. to have been robbedD. robbed3. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.A. to have been translatedB. to translateC. to be translatedD. to have translated4. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. on which to baseB. which to base onC. to base onD. to be based on5. There is more land in Australia than the government knows____.A. what to do withB. how to doC. to do with itD. to do it6. ____ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.A. To becomeB. BecomeC. One becomesD. On becoming7. Mr. Smith advised us to withdraw___.A. so that get not involvedB. so as to get not involvedC. so as not to get involvedD. so that not to get involved8. I have heard both teachers and students ____ well of him.A. to speakB. spokenC. to have spokenD. speak9. My sister’s professor had her ___ paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.A. rewrittenB. to rewriteC. rewriteD. rewriting10. In the course of a day students do far more than just ____ classes.A. attendB. attendedC. to attendD. attending11. I’d rather read than watch television; the problems seem _____ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse12. Mrs. Brown is supposed ___ for Italy last week.A. to have leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. to have been left13. He moved away from his parents, and missed them ___ enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. too much toB. enough toC. very much toD. much so as to14. This box is too heavy, ____ give me a hand?A. would you mindB. would you pleaseC. will you like toD. will you please to15. They are going to have the serviceman ___ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A. installB. to installC. to be installedD. installed16. As a public relation’s officer, he is said ___ some very influential people.A. to knowB. to have been knowingC. to be knowingD. to have known17. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers_____ before their time.A. be bloomedB. bloomedC. bloomD. blooming18. If I had remembered ___ the window, the thief would not have got in.A. to closeB. closingC. to have closedD. having closed19. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ___ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made20. The project, ___ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A. accomplishedB. being accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplishedKeys:1-5 ACAAA6-10 ACDCA11-15 BAABA16-20 ACABC分词1. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____ on benches, chairs or boxes.A. having seatedB. seatingC. seatedD. having been seated2. ____ the temperature falling so rapidly we couldn’t go on with the experiment.A. SinceB. forC. AsD. With3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. been encouragedC. being encouragedD. be encouraged4. So many directors ___, the board meeting had to be put off.A. were absentB. been absentC. had been absentD. being absent5. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ___ it closely.A. followedB. to followC. followingD. being followed6. All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled7. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. consideredB. be consideredC. consideringD. having considered8. _____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal9. A new technique ____, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. working outB. having worked outC. having been worked outD. to have been worked out10. ____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $ 21,000.A. Judged the bestB. Judging the bestC. To be judged the bestD. Having judged the best11. _____in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A. To look atB. Looking atC. Looked atD. To be looked at12. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____in China.A. being cultivatedB. been cultivatedC. having cultivatedD. cultivating13. You will see this product ____ wherever you go.A. advertisedB. advertisingC. advertiseD. to be advertised14. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _____ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.A. beingB. beenC. to beD. having been15. The computer works very fast___ data at the speed of light.A. having handledB. handledC. handlingD. handles16. ____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off theedge of the earth.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. Being believed17. Having no maoney but____ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. not wanting anyoneC. wanted no oneD. to want no one18. The speaker, ____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A. having knownB. being knownC. knowingD. known19. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _____.A. scoldingB. to scoldC. having scoldD. scolded20. While ____ the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.A. having orbitedB. being orbitedC. having been orbitedD. orbiting21. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing22. ____ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.A. Since the loss of 50,000 soldiersB. Because of 50,000 soldiers having lostC. Having lost 50,000 soldiersD. 50,000 soldiers were lost23. ____ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A. To be givenB. Having been givenC. Having givenD. Giving24. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one___.A. to correctB. correctingC. having correctedD. being corrected25. Homework ___ on time will lead to better grades.A. doneB. be doneC. having doneD. to have been done26. His remarks left me ___ about his real purpose.A. wonderedB. wonderC. to wonderD. wondering27. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ___.A. being settledB. to be settledC. had settledD. as settled28. When I caught him ___ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A. cheatingB. cheatC. to cheatD. to be cheating29. Don’t get your schedule ____; stay with us in this class.A. to changeB. changingC. changedD. change30. In Australia the Asians make their influence____ in businesses large and small.A. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to be felt31. The children went there to watch the iron tower ___.A. to erectB. be erectedC. erectingD. being erected32. The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informing33. If you want ____ you have to get the fund somewhere.A. that the job is doneB. the job doneC. to have done the jobD. the job that is done34. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported school must be established in every town ____ 50 households or more.A. havingB. to haveC. to have hadD. having had35. The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of a mountain.A. isolatedB. isolatingC. being isolatedD. having been isolated36. The president promised to keep all the board members_____ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informB. be informedC. informingD. informed37. All the tasks ____ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.A. been fulfilledB. were fulfilledC. having been fulfilledD. had been fulfilled38. I worked so late in the office that I hardly had time ___ the last bus.A. to have caughtB. to catchC. catchingD. having caught39.____ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.A. comparingB. to compareC. ComparedD. compare40.They got the work ___ before the rainy season set in.A. to doB. doneC. doingD. didKeys：1-5 CDCDC6-10 DAACA11-15 CAAAC16-20 BBDDD21-25 CCBDA26-30 DDACC31-35 DCBAA36-40 DCCCB虚拟语气1. If I you, I wouldn’t answer the call.a. beb. amc. wasd. were2. If we yesterday, we the work.a. weren’t interrupted / would finishb. didn’t interrupted / would have finishedc. hadn’t interrupted / had finishedd. hadn’t been interrupted / would have finished3. --Did you submit your application for a Master’s degree?--Not yet. If I to see my father, I would have.a. didn’t gob. haven’t goc. wouldn’t have goned. hadn’t gone4. Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but if you had spent lesstime in playing football.a. wouldn’t they have been betterb. wouldn’t they be betterc. won’t they be betterd. won’t they have been better5. --Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?--No, if he had, I don’t believe broken the living room window.a. would he haveb. he hadc. he would haved. he has6. , I’d have told you.a. If I would have known itb. If I had have known itc. Had I known itd. Should I know it7. today, he would get there by Friday.a. Would he leaveb. Was he leavesc. Were he to leaved. If he leaves8. If the sun tomorrow, what would we do?a. will not riseb. had not risec. would not rised. were not to rise9. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the houses; if she ever found out, Iam sure .a. she’d never forgive meb. she never forgives mec. she’ll never forgive med. she does never forgive me10. If you had not helped them, they in London.a. would still beb. will still bec. would have still goned. will have still gone11. The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier, at thestationa. we’d meet themb. we’ll meet himc. we’d have met themd. we’ve met them12. If I had time, see that new movie at the University Theater.a. I’llb. I shallc. I mayd. I’d13. Without your help, we so much.a. will not achieveb. didn’t achievec. don’t achieved. wouldn’t have achieved14. I have come yesterday, but I couldn’t.a. was to haveb. mustc. ought tod. have to15. His doctor suggested that he his right hand.a. avoid to useb. has avoided usingc. avoid usingd. avoided to use16. The professor gave orders that the test before 5:30.a. be finishedb. will finishc. will be finishedd. shall finish17. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on weeknight.a. not watchb. must not to watchc. not be watchingd. have not watch18. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I there.a. wasb. werec. had beend. went19. I should have gone to the opera yesterday. It was very good. I wish Iyesterday off.a. have hadb. hadc. haved. had had20. Kumar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish heme now.a. teachesb. will teachc. has taughtd. would teach21. It is imperative that you there in prison.a. beb. will bec. willd. are22. She speaks as if she on the spot.a. wasb. werec. had beend. is23. It looks it is going to rain.a. thatb. asc. as ifd. like that24. It is about time the police illegal horse betting.a. do away withb. did away withc. did awayd. should do away with25. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.a. dob. didn’t doc. don’td. didn’t26. I’d just as soon those important papers with you.a. that you won’t takeb. your not takingc. please don’t y ou taked. you didn’t take27. But for the sun’s heat, nothing .a. could liveb. will livec. can lived. may live28. We strongly urge that you interfere in this matter.a. don’tb. won’tc. notd. are not going to29. If only we a phone! I am tired of lining up outside the public phone box.a. haveb. hadc. will haved. are to have30. I could go myself but I would sooner you .a. gob. have gonec. will god. wentKeys：1-5 dddac6-10 cccac11-15 cddcc16-20 aacdd21-25 abcbb26-30 dacbd。
独立主格,非谓语动词,虚拟语气
用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没有带钱）5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：没有努力）6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。
（事实：我并非陌生人）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg：1．If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：①if+主语+were to do主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+should+do③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg：1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
CET-4语法总结
一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1.一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2.完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---T o see i s to b el i ev e.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, w a tch, ob serv e, no tic e, l oo k a t, h ear, l i sten to, smell, ta ste, feel+ d o表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ d o ing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him wor k in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him wor ki ng in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes go od; It feels co mforta ble.2) 使役动词h av e b id ma ke l et 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d l i ke to h av e J oh n d o it.I h av e my p ac kag e w eigh ed.Paul d o esn’t ha v e to b e mad e to l ear n.3) h elp h elp sb d o h elp sb to d o h elp d o h elp to d o四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-i n g形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、n eed/w an t 后的-i ng形式具有被动的意思。
非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、分词短语、不定式短语和动名词短语。
1.不定式：to do，常用于表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例如：She went to the market to buy some vegetables.
2.动名词：doing，可作主语、宾语、表语等，常用于表示动作的
进行与持续。
例如：Reading is her favorite hobby.
3.现在分词：doing，表示与主语同时或者正在进行的动作。
例如：The boy standing over there is my friend.
4.过去分词：done，可用作形容词或者与助动词连用表示完成的
动作。
例如：The work was done by the team.
5.分词短语：having done，表示在完成某个动作之后发生的事情。
例如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed.
6.不定式短语：to be done，表示被动或者完成的动作。
例如：The report is to be submitted by tomorrow.
7.动名词短语：enjoying swimming，表示主语进行的动作是令人愉快的。
例如：She enjoys swimming in the sea.
除了以上七种形态外，非谓语动词还可以组成短语或者从句，常用于虚拟语气、句子的修饰、分句或者非限制性定语从句等。
完全掌握非谓语动词的用法对于提高英语写作和阅读水平非常重要。
英语语法(虚拟语气,名词性从句,情态动词,非谓语动词)
非谓语动词非谓语动词的种类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）不定式：表将来、表目的1. 表示将要发生的动作或即将要做的事。
即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如：I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。
2.表示同时发生的动作，即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如：Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的？(say 与heard 几乎同时发生)3.表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。
如：Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
不定式省略to的基本规律一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let, make, have 等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如：My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
I don't like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。
注意：当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to二、感觉动词后省略to的情况see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如：I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。
英语语法的难点
英语语法的难点
英语语法的难点包括词序、时态、语态、虚拟语气、倒装、非谓语动词等等。
这些难点都需要我们花费大量的时间和精力去学习和应用，因为它们在英语的表达和理解中起着至关重要的作用。
词序的正确运用可以让我们的表达更加清晰和准确；时态和语态的使用则可以让我们更好地表达过去、现在和未来的事件和情况；虚拟语气则常常用于表达假设、愿望和虚拟情况；倒装则可以使我们的语言更富有变化和表现力；非谓语动词则能够帮助我们更加简洁和明了地表达复杂的句子结构。
虽然英语语法的难点很多，但只要我们保持耐心和努力，通过不断地练习和实践，我们一定能够征服这些难点，用更加流利和准确的英语来表达我们的思想和情感。
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非谓语动词
感叹句： 感叹句： 1. What +a/an+形容词 单数名词 主语 谓语 其 形容词+单数名词 主语+谓语 形容词 单数名词+主语 谓语+其 他 2. What +形容词 复数名词 主语 谓语 其他 形容词+复数名词 主语+谓语 形容词 复数名词+主语 谓语+其他 3. What +a/an+形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语 形容词+不可数名词 主语+谓语 形容词 不可数名词+主语 谓语+ 其他 4. How +形容词 主语 谓语 其他 形容词+主语 谓语+其他 形容词 主语+谓语 5. How +副词 主语 谓语 其他 副词+主语 谓语+其他 副词 主语+谓语 6. How +主语 谓语 其他 主语+谓语 主语 谓语+其他
省略句： ）双方都知道。 省略句：1）双方都知道。Terrible weather.2）相 ） 同的成分。 同的成分。 They learn English and we French.3） ） 在used to, ought to, have to, would like to, wish to, be going to等，省to后的动词原形。 后的动词原形。 等 后的动词原形 祈使句：表请求、命令、劝告、 祈使句：表请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句 子。1）动词原形开头。Do it right now. 2）否定： ）动词原形开头。 ）否定： Don’t do that. 3)加please 或用 或用let: Please turn on 加 the radio./ Let’s go home. 强调句： 被强调部分(主语 强调句：It is/ was+被强调部分 主语，宾语，状语） 被强调部分 主语，宾语，状语） +that/who+其他 其他. 其他 It is Tom who comes here very early.
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stop try
to do sth 停下来接着做另一件事
doing sth 停止做某事 to do sth 努力/试图做某事 doing sth 尝试着做某事 to do sth 意欲/想/企图做某事 doing sth 意味着做某事 to do sth （做完某事）接着做另一件事 doing sth 继续做同一件事 (=go on with sth)
That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____the police D A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in
注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to:
can not help but do…(不得不）
B. getting D. having got
2, I asked him (not say) not to say anything about our contract until the end of the mouth.
translation
• 当我走进来时，他假装没有看到我。 (pretend)
2)不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时， 如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带 to,否则不定式要带to.如：
I felt so embarrassed that I couldn't do anything but A there when I first met my present boss. A. Sit B. to sit B. sitting D. sat
• Do you remember (introduce) introducing Prof. Li to Miss wang during his first visit to China. • He remembers D to Paris when he was a very small child. • A. to take B. taking • C. to be taken D. being taken
He pretended not to see me when I entered. • 杰克希望长大后成为一名运动员。(want) He wants to be a sportsman when he grows up.
2、不定式中的to是否省略
1)感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch 以及使役动词have, let, make 等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些 动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加 上to.如： Mum makes me eat eggs every day. I’m made to eat eggs every day (by mum).
非谓语动词及虚拟气
非谓语动词
不定式 非谓语动词 动名词 分 词 现在分词 过去分词
非谓语动词可充当的成分
He works hard to catch up with his brothers. Doing morning exercises is good for us. A falling leaf a fallen leaf The film gets more and more exciting. We were excited about the news. Hearing a knock on the door, he went to open it. Moved by his performance, the audience applauded for half an hour.
afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, offer, pretend等。
1.The manager promised c me a position in his company.
A. got C. to get
Do you have any difficulty d a visa to Britain.
A. to get
C. to have gotten
B. get
D. getting
The boys next door used (like) to like making model planes, but they seem to have stopped doing that now. There’s no use (bargain)bargaining any more. It’s a fixed price. Have you gotten used (live) to living in Britain now.?
4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动 名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语， 但意义上又区别，要特别注意。
forget / remember to do sth 忘记/记住去做某事 doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事
53. If I had remembered ____ A the window, the thief would not have got in. A. to close C. to have closed B. closing D. having closed
2) 动词need, require, want和be worth
need/require/want
doing/to be done
sb. to do sth. cleaning. to be cleaned.
The window needs/requires/wants
be worth
+n. doing
非谓语动词的三种形式
语态 时态
主动 to do to have done doing having done doing having done
被动 to be done to have been done being done having been done being done having been done
A. to listen B. to be listening C. listening D. being listening I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) talking with his classmates.
Correct the mistakes
5、分词 现在分词和过去分词
1）区别：掌握八个字。 分词
现在分词：主动、进行 过去分词：被动、完成
2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以 表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念 不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发 生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在 进行，还未完成。
分词作定语和表语
• I noticed that there was a man (draw) pictures on the ground. drawing • Going abroad to have a holiday will be an (excite) exciting experience.
2) can’t help, can’t stand, give up, feel like, put off, be busy, have difficulty /trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time, be used to, see to, be opposed to, be sentenced to, admit to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to… Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ___ c for her exam. A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared
• The little girl practices to play the piano every day. The little girl practices playing the piano every day. • Do you mind me to smoke here? Do you mind my smoking here? • Jean doesn’t feel like to clean the house. Jean doesn’t feel like cleaning the house.
can do nothing but do…
can not do anything but do…(只能做) 3)在情态动词如：had better, would rather… than之后不用to, 动词help后，toБайду номын сангаас可带可不带。
• You’d better B the water until it has been boiled. • A. not to drink B. not drink • C. not drunk D. not drinking • I prefer to go to the beach rather than C at home. • A. to stay B. staying • C. stay D. have stayed
The place is worth visiting.(主动表被动含 义。
• The wine in the fridge just wants (cool) coolingfor a couple of minutes. • The mistakes require C before handing them in. • A. to correct B. being correct • C. to be corrected D. correct