美国复习
美国文学史期末复习资料全
美国⽂学史期末复习资料全美国⽂学（本科）试题5I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases andput your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each)1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established atJamestown, Virginia in 1607 .2. became the first American writer.3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the values that dominated much of the early American writing.4. In American literature, the 18th century was an age of and Revolution.5. Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece.6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared.7. The signing of symbolized the birth of an independent American nation.8. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was .9. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win international fame.10. is the summit of American Romanticism.11. With the publication of Emerson’s in 1836,American Romanticism reached its summit.12. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel.13.Henry James’ major fictional theme is.14. brought the Romantic period to an end. So the age of Realism came into existence.15. The Poetic style invented by Whitman is now called .16. “Because I could not stop for Death---” is written by.17. The term The Gilded Age is given by to describe the post-civil war years.18. Theodore Dreiser’s first novel is.19. The leader of the literary movement Imagism is .20. is the spokesman for Lost Generation.II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answersor completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each)1. The first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity was .A. Bret HarteB. Mark TwainC. Henry JamesD. William Dean Howells2. Which of the following is the masterpiece of Mark Twain?A. The Gilded AgeB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. Jumping Frog3. Which writer has no naturalist tendency?A. Mark TwainB. Jack LondonC. Theodore DreiserD. Frank Norris4. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in andThoreau.A. JeffersonB. EmersonC. FreneauD. Oversoul5. Which of the following doesn’t belong to Dreiser’s “Trilogy of Desire”?A. The FinancierB. The TitanC. The StoicD. An American Tragedy6. Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick?A. Hester PrynneB. Mr. HooperC. AhabD. PearlC. transcendentalismD. veritism9. Jack London was at his height of his powers when he wrote , which is deeply influenced by Darwinism.A. The Sea WolfB. To Build a FireC. The Call of the WildD. Martin Eden10. The Cop and the Anthem is written by .A. O. HenryB. Henry JamesC. Jack LondonD. Mark Twain11. “Two small people, without dislike or suspicion.” is a line in the poem The River-Merchant’s Wife:A Letter written by .A. T. S. EliotB.Robert FrostC.Ezra PoundD. Carl Sandburg12. The imagist poets followed three principles, they are , direct treatment and economy of expression.A. blank verseB. rhythmC. free verseD. common speech13. Of the following American writers, who has NOT been an expatriate in Paris?A. Ernest HemingwayB. Ezra PoundC. F. S. FitzgeraldD. Emily Dickinson14. Who was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s?A. Ernest HemingwayB. Ezra PoundC. John SteinbeckD. F. S. Fitzgerald15. The first writings that we call American were the narratives and of the early settlements.A. journalsB. poetryC. dramaD. folklores16. An American Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1828 by .A. Samuel JohnsonB. Noah WebsterC. Daniel WebsterD. Daniel Defoe17. Walden is written by .A. EmersonB. ThoreauC. PoeD. Hawthorne18. is famous for psychological realism.A. Mark TwainB. William Dean HowellsC. Henry JamesD. Walt Whitman19. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. NatureB. WaldenC. On BeautyD. Self-Reliance20. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?A.The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Nature21. Santiago is the character in Hemingway’s novel.A. In Our TimeB. The Old Man and the SeaC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. The Sun Also Rises22. Which of the following is a much harsher realism?A. local colorismB. naturalismC. romanticismD. imagism23. Who is the arbiter of 19th century literary realism in America?A. Mark TwainB. Bret HarteC. William Dean HowellsD. Henry James24. F. S. Fitzgerald is NOT the author of .A. The Great GatsbyB. Tender is the NightC. A Farewell to the ArmsD. This Side of Paradise25. The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as .A. Mark TwainB. F. S. FitzgeraldC. Walt WhitmanD. Stephen Crane26. Charles Drouet is a character in the novel of______.A. The AmericanB. The Portrait of a LadyC.Sister CarrieD. The Gift of the Magi27. American literature produced only one female poet during the 19th century. She was .A. Anne BradstreetB. Jane AustenC. Emily DickinsonD. Harriet Beecher28. read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.A. Robert FrostB. T. S. EliotC. Carl SandburgD. Ezra Pound29. With Howells, James and Mark Twain active on the scene, became the major trend in the 70s and 80s of the 19th century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism30. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough”. This is the shortest poem written by .A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC.Ezra PoundD. Wallace StevensIII. Comment on the following poems. Put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 10 points for each) 1.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Eveningby: Robert FrostWhose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound’s the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.1. I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—by: Emily DickinsonI heard a Fly buzz — when I died —The Stillness in the RoomWas like the Stillness in the Air —Between the Heaves of Storm —The Eyes around — had wrung them dry —And Breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset — when the KingBe witnessed — in the Room —I willed my Keepsakes — Signed awayWhat portion of me beAssignable — and then it wasThere interposed a Fly —With Blue — uncertain stumbling Buzz —Between the light — and me —And then the Windows failed — and thenI could not see to see —IV. Give brief answers to the following and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 15 points for each)1. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, the Romantic Period is called “the American Renaissance”. Briefly discuss what the features of American literature in this period are.2. How does Sister Carrie embody Dreiser’2008-2009学年度第⼆期《美国⽂学史及作品选读》（2006级本科）期末考试A卷参考答案命题⼈：王琪、丁华良、祝⼩丁I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases andput your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each)1. 16072. John Smith3. Puritan4. Reason5. The Autobiography6. Common Sense7. The Declaration of Independence8. Philip Freneau 9. Sketch Book 10. Transcendentalism11. Nature 12. The Scarlet Letter 13. international theme 14. The civil war15. free verse 16. Emily Dickinson 17. Mark Twain18. Sister Carrie 19. Ezra Pound 20. Ernest HemingwayII. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each)1 --- 5: A C A B D 6 --- 10: C D B C A11 ---15:C B D C A 16 --- 20: B B C A A21 ---25: B B C C D 26 --- 30: C C A C CIII. Comment on the following poems. Put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 10 points for each)1. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" was Frost's favorite of his own poems and Frost in a letter to Louis Untermeyer called it "my best bid for remembrance."This poem illustrates many of the qualities most characteristic of Frost, including the attention to natural detail, the relationship between humans and nature, and the strong theme suggested by individual lines. The speaker in the poem, a traveler by horse on the darkest night of the year, stops to watch a woods filling up with snow. He thinks the owner of the woods is someone who lives in the village and will not see him stopping there. While he is attracted by the beauty of thewoods and nature, he is reminded by his little horse and realizes that he has obligations which pull him away from the lure of nature. The speaker describes the beauty and temptation of the woods as “lovely, dark and deep,” but reminds himself that he must not remain there, because he has “promises to keep,” and a long journey ahead of him. He has to complete his obligations and then make his aspirations to be realized. Through the symbolic woods and horse, we also get to know that the speaker has strong self-awareness and self-discipline.In another way, the poem can be analyzed from the perspective of aspiration and realization. Aspiration is something to be worked at. We enjoy the fruit of our realization only when we reach our destination. But from the spiritual point of view, we notice something else that is the transformation of aspiration and realization. Today's aspiration transforms itself into tomorrow's realization. Again, tomorrow's realization is the pathfinder of a higher and deeper goal. There is no end to our realization, and there is no end of our aspiration as long as you are alive. Our journey is eternal, and the road that we are taking on is also eternal. All aspirations become realization till the end of one’s life.The poem is written in iambic tetrameter in the Rubaiyat stanza created by Edward Fitzgerald. Each verse (save the last) follows an a-a-b-a rhyming scheme, with the following verse's a's rhyming with that verse's b, which is a chain rhyme. Overall, the rhyme scheme is AABA-BBCB-CCDC-DDDD.2. The poetess is watching her own death and recording the process. Instead of seeing God and hearing the songs of angels yearned for by Puritans upon death she heard a fly buzz, which is really ironic. Fly: sets off the stillness in the room;blocks off the light (from heaven);suggests a coming decadence→ the speaker loses the opportunity of gaining immortality after deathThe fly plays an important role in the speaker’s experience of death. The poem is, in part, about “the conflict between preconception and perception.” The person on his or her deathbed shifts perspective from “the ritual of dying” to “the fact of death.” The fly, by interrupting the dying speaker with its “Blue —uncertain stumbling Buzz —” obliterates his or her false notions of death. The sound of the fly represents “the last conscious link with reality.” The poem lacks any hint of a life after death.IV. Give brief answers to the following and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 15 points for each)1.(1) The whole nation had a strong sense of optimism and the mood of “feeling good”, giving birth tothe spectacular outburst of romantic feeling.(2) The English counterpart exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the young nation.(3) Taking foreign influence in consideration, the great works of American writers still carriedtypically American romantic color.(4) The young nation had brought forth its own philosophy. Transcendentalism stresses man’scapacity of knowing truth intuitively, and of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.2.(1) In this novel, Dreiser expressed his naturalistic pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of lifeand attacking the conventional moral standards.(2) The novel best embodies his naturalistic belief that while men are controlled by heredity, instinctand chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence.(3) To Sister Carrie, the world is cold and harsh. Alone, helpless, she moves along like a mechanismdriven by desire and catches blindly at any opportunities for a better existence, opportunities first offered by Drouet, and then by Hurstwood. A feather in the wind, she was totally at the mercy of forces she cannot comprehend, still less to say control. The famous picture of Carrie sitting in a rocking chair in her room in the evening, rocking back and forth, is a picture of Carrie’s drifting with the tide. She has no control, no freedom of will.美国⽂学（本科）试题6I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases: (20%, 1 point for each)1. In 1817, the stately poem called “Thanatopsis” introduced the best poet, ______, to appear in America up to that time.2. James Fennimore Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure and______.3. Ralph Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of ______ movement, yet henever applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.4. Herman Melville’s novel ______ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of aseemingly supernatural white whale.5. In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote ______ which became the first work by anAmerican writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.6. In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at ______ Pond.7. After his death, ______ became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Cornerof Westminster Abbey.8. The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outburst ofthe ______.9. The arbiter of 19th century literary realism in America was ______.10. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, which is poetry without a fixed beator regular rhyme scheme.11. ______ is considered the founder of psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in theimpressions made by life on the spectator.12. ______ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.13. O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions inorder to get money for a Christmas present for each other.14. ______ was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “Imagist” movement.15. In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald completed his best novel ______. It is the story of an idealist who wasdestroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.16. Ernest Hemingway’s stature as a writer was confir med with the publication of his novel ______ in1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.17. ______ was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.18. William Faulkner considered __________ to be “the first truly American writer”.19. As a genre, naturalism emphasized heredity and ______ as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances.20. A series of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine was entitled ______.II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions.Choose the one that is the best in each case: (30%, 1 point for each) 1. Moby Dick was dedicated to ____.。
(完整)美国文学复习整理
美国文学复习整理一、殖民主义时期的文学（colonial settlements)＆理性和革命时期文学（revolutionary period）（文艺复兴时期)1.清教主义的shaping influence2.代表人物“T he Tenth Muse”第一位移民诗人2. Philip Freneau 菲利普·佛瑞诺有宗教隐喻，关注本土地貌、人文.写印第安人故事。
美国诗歌之父 father of American poetry代表作《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle3。
Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊起草了独立宣言 The Declaration of Independence 17764.Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因拥护独立宣言代表作：《常识》Common Sense《理性时代》The Age of Reason5.Jonathan Edwards乔纳森·埃德沃兹大觉醒运动的代表人物 the Great Awakening6.Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林代表作：《自传》The Autobiography《穷理查德历书》Poor Richard's Almanac美国梦的代表二．浪漫主义时期的文学(American Romanticism）早期浪漫主义（Early Romantic Period）1.背景：1> 时间：18世纪末到内战爆发前夕（1861）2> 条件：○1国家的快速发展，大量移民和工业化发展错误!小说的发展，期刊杂志（periodical)出现错误!受英国文学的影响2.浪漫主义的基本特征1>Stressing emotion rather than reason2>Stressing freedom and individuality3>Idealism rather than materialism4>Writing about nature, medieval legends（中世纪传说）and with supernaturalelements。
美国文学复习题有答案
美国文学复习题有答案
1. 谁是美国文学史上第一位重要的诗人？
答案：爱德华·泰勒（Edward Taylor）。
2. 19世纪美国文学中，哪位作家的作品以幽默和讽刺著称？
答案：马克·吐温（Mark Twain）。
3. 简述赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》中的主要冲突。
答案：《白鲸》中的主要冲突是船长亚哈对白鲸莫比·迪克的复仇。
4. 谁是“垮掉的一代”文学运动中最著名的诗人？
答案：艾伦·金斯伯格（Allen Ginsberg）。
5. 在菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》中，盖茨比的悲剧结局是什么？
答案：盖茨比被威尔逊误杀，因为他认为盖茨比是导致他妻子死亡
的罪魁祸首。
6. 描述艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌风格。
答案：艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌风格以简洁、使用短句和强烈个人情
感表达为特点。
7. 谁是20世纪美国文学中“南方文艺复兴”的代表人物？
答案：威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）。
8. 在《杀死一只知更鸟》中，阿提克斯·芬奇律师为何受到小镇居民
的尊敬？
答案：阿提克斯·芬奇律师因坚持正义和平等，为一个被错误指控
的黑人辩护而受到尊敬。
9. 简述海明威的“冰山理论”。
答案：海明威的“冰山理论”是指在写作中只展示故事的表面部分，而将更深层的意义和情感留给读者去揣摩。
10. 在《愤怒的葡萄》中，约德一家的旅程象征着什么？
答案：约德一家的旅程象征着美国大萧条时期农民的苦难和对更
好生活的不懈追求。
美国社会与文化复习题答案
美国社会与文化复习题答案美国社会与文化复习题答案美国社会与文化是一个广阔而复杂的话题，涉及到历史、地理、民族、宗教、教育、艺术、娱乐等多个方面。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关键的问题和答案，以帮助读者更好地理解美国社会与文化。
1. 美国的宪法是什么？它对美国社会起到了什么作用？美国宪法是美国的最高法律文件，于1787年制定并于1789年生效。
它确立了美国的政治结构和权力分配，规定了公民的权利和自由。
宪法赋予了美国政府的权力，并保护了个人的权利。
它对美国社会起到了稳定和规范的作用，确保了公民的基本权利和自由。
2. 美国的种族和民族多样性是如何形成的？美国的种族和民族多样性是由于历史上的移民潮和奴隶制度的存在。
自殖民时期以来，美国吸引了来自世界各地的移民，包括欧洲、非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲。
这些移民带来了不同的文化和传统，形成了今天美国多元化的社会。
3. 美国的宗教信仰情况如何？美国是一个宗教自由的国家，宪法保护公民的宗教信仰自由。
美国有各种各样的宗教信仰，包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教、佛教、印度教等。
宗教在美国社会中扮演着重要的角色，对人们的价值观和行为产生影响。
4. 美国的教育体系是怎样的？美国的教育体系是分级的，包括幼儿教育、小学、中学、高中和大学。
教育在美国被认为是一个重要的价值和机会，每个州都有义务提供基本的教育。
大学教育在美国非常重要，许多人认为高等教育是获得成功的关键。
5. 美国的娱乐文化对世界产生了什么影响？美国的娱乐文化对世界产生了巨大的影响。
美国的电影、音乐、电视节目和体育赛事在全球范围内广受欢迎。
好莱坞电影产业是全球最大的电影产业之一，美国音乐家和艺术家也享有很高的声誉。
美国的娱乐文化塑造了全球流行文化的一部分，促进了国际间的文化交流。
6. 美国的社会问题有哪些？美国面临着一系列社会问题，其中一些是长期存在的，一些是新兴的。
例如，种族不平等、贫富差距、犯罪问题、毒品滥用、性别不平等、枪支暴力等。
美国历史文化期末复习资料
美国历史文化期末复习资料美国历史文化期末复习资料美国历史文化是一门涵盖广泛的学科，涉及到从殖民地时期到现代的各个方面。
在期末复习中，我们可以通过对不同时期的重要事件、人物和文化特点的了解，来全面理解美国历史的发展脉络。
本文将从美国历史的几个重要时期入手，为大家提供一些复习资料。
1. 殖民地时期（1607-1776）殖民地时期是美国历史的起点，也是美国文化的源头。
在这个时期，英国殖民者在北美建立了13个殖民地，逐渐形成了独立的社会和政治体系。
重要事件包括詹姆斯敦殖民地的建立、五月花号的抵达、马萨诸塞湾殖民地的建立等。
值得注意的是，殖民地时期的美国文化受到了英国文化的深刻影响，包括宗教、法律和政治制度等方面。
2. 独立战争与建国时期（1775-1789）独立战争是美国历史上的重要转折点，也是美国独立的标志。
这场战争是美国殖民地与英国的解放战争，于1776年宣告独立。
重要事件包括波士顿茶叶事件、独立宣言的起草和签署、约克敦议会的召开等。
在建国时期，美国制定了宪法，并建立了联邦制政府。
这个时期的美国文化受到启蒙思想的影响，强调个人自由和民主原则。
3. 西进运动与印第安人的命运（1800-1850）西进运动是美国历史中的重要时期，也是美国国土扩张的时期。
在这个时期，美国通过购买路易斯安那领土、佛罗里达和得克萨斯的并入，以及与墨西哥的战争等方式，逐渐扩大了国土。
同时，这个时期也是印第安人命运的转折点，他们被迫迁徙到西部的保留地。
重要事件包括印第安人移民法案的通过、小大角战役的发生、俄勒冈储备地的建立等。
西进运动对美国文化产生了深远的影响，形成了西部开拓精神和牛仔文化。
4. 南北战争与重建时期（1861-1877）南北战争是美国历史上最为重要的战争之一，也是美国社会和文化的分水岭。
这场战争是南方农奴制度与北方工业资本主义制度之间的冲突，最终导致南方的失败和废除奴隶制。
重要事件包括福特史岱儿堡战役的发生、解放宣言的颁布、阿巴拉契亚山脉战役的胜利等。
美国历史复习题集及答案
美国历史复习题集及答案1. 美国独立战争是在哪一年爆发的？请简要叙述独立战争的背景和原因。
答案：美国独立战争于1775年爆发。
独立战争的背景是英国在殖民地实施了一系列不公平的政策，包括征税和限制殖民地发展的法规。
殖民地的居民感到愤怒，并且认为自己应该享有与英国本土居民相同的权利。
而独立战争的原因主要是对权利和自由的追求，以及对英国殖民统治不满的积累。
2. 请列举三位美国独立战争期间的重要人物及其贡献。
答案：- 乔治·华盛顿（George Washington）：作为美国大陆军的指挥官，他领导了殖民地抵抗英国军队，并在独立战争中扮演了关键角色。
他的领导能力和军事策略在战争的胜利中起到了重要作用。
- 托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）：作为《独立宣言》的起草人之一，他以其清晰的文笔和追求自由平等的理念，为美国独立的思想基础做出了重要贡献。
他后来也成为美国第三任总统。
- 约翰·亚当斯（John Adams）：作为独立战争期间的外交家和政治家，他在争取国际支持、谈判和签署《巴黎和约》上发挥了重要作用。
他后来也成为美国第二任总统。
3. 请简述美国宪法的基本原则及其对美国政府和社会的影响。
答案：美国宪法的基本原则包括三权分立、联邦制和人权保护。
三权分立意味着行政、立法和司法权力被分散到不同的机构，并相互制衡，以避免滥权和集权。
联邦制是指中央政府和州政府之间的权力分配和协作体系。
人权保护则确保了公民的基本权利和自由不受侵犯。
这些原则对美国政府和社会产生了深远影响。
首先，三权分立保证了政府的稳定和权力平衡，避免了独裁和专制的出现。
其次，联邦制使政府更加贴近民众，能更好地满足各州和地区的不同需求。
最后，人权保护确保了美国公民的言论自由、宗教自由、选举权以及其他基本权利的保护。
这些原则共同塑造了美国的政治体系和社会价值观。
4. 请简要描述美国内战的原因和影响。
答案：美国内战发生于1861年至1865年。
第18课 美国的独立 复习提纲
第18课美国的独立——美国独立战争一、美国独立战争爆发的原因：1、根本原因：英国的殖民统治阻碍了北美资本主义的发展。
2、直接原因（导火线）：1773年波士顿倾茶事件。
二美国独立战争的过程：1.开始标志：1775年，来克星顿枪声2、建军：1775年,第二届大陆会议召开，决定组建大陆军，华盛顿任总司令。
3、建国：1776年7月4日，《独立宣言》发表，标志美国诞生。
强调：《独立宣言》发表宣告北美13个殖民地脱离英国而独立，标志着美国诞生；《独立宣言》被称为“第一个人权宣言”。
4.转折：1777年，萨拉托加大捷。
5.胜利：1781年，约克镇之战。
6.结束：（真正独立）：1783年，英国被迫承认美国独立。
三美国独立战争的性质：（双重性）既是一场民族解放战争，又是一场资产阶级革命。
四、美国独立战争的意义：1、结束了英国的殖民统治,实现了国家的独立；2、确立了比较民主的资产阶级政治体制,有利于美国资本主义的发展；3、对欧洲和拉丁美洲的革命也起了推动作用。
五、 1787年美国宪法：1、制定的原因：美国建立后，各州都有自己的州宪法，各行其是，矛盾重重，代表国家的全国政府软弱无力。
2、制定：1787年、费城、华盛顿、制宪会议3、内容：宪法依据分权制衡原则设计了一个资产阶级联邦制共国:A、行政、立法、司法三权分立,总统、国会与最高法院及其相关机构各司其职,相互制衡;B、联邦政府与地方政府分享权力;C、总统和议员由选举产生。
4、评价：(1)1787年美国宪法是世界上第一部资产阶级成文宪法,对后来许多国家的政治变革产生了重要影响。
(2)使美国联邦政府的权力大大加强，促进了美国资本主义的发展。
高中英语美国文化复习 题集附答案
高中英语美国文化复习题集附答案高中英语美国文化复习题集附答案1. Multiple Choice Questions1. In which year did the American Civil War end?a) 1865b) 1776c) 1945d) 1918Answer: a) 18652. Who is considered the founding father of the United States?a) George Washingtonb) Abraham Lincolnc) Thomas Jeffersond) Benjamin FranklinAnswer: a) George Washington3. Which of the following is a famous American landmark?a) Big Benb) Eiffel Towerc) Statue of Libertyd) Sydney Opera HouseAnswer: c) Statue of Liberty4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?a) Thomas Jeffersonb) John F. Kennedyc) Franklin D. Rooseveltd) Abraham LincolnAnswer: a) Thomas Jefferson5. Which sport is considered America's favorite pastime?a) Soccerb) Baseballc) Basketballd) FootballAnswer: b) Baseball2. True or False Questions1. The United States has 50 states.Answer: True2. Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated in the United States. Answer: True3. The American flag has 50 stars, each representing a state.Answer: True4. The Great Wall of China is located in the United States.Answer: False5. The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.Answer: True3. Short Answer Questions1. Who was the first African American President of the United States?Answer: Barack Obama2. What is the capital of the United States?Answer: Washington, D.C.3. Who is the current President of the United States?Answer: Joe Biden4. Name one famous American inventor.Answer: Thomas Edison5. What is the national motto of the United States?Answer: "In God We Trust"4. Essay QuestionDescribe the significance of the Civil Rights Movement in American history. Provide examples of key events and individuals who played a role in the movement.Answer: The Civil Rights Movement was a pivotal moment in American history that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. It spanned from the 1950s to the 1960s and was characterized by nonviolent protests, demonstrations, and legal battles.One key event of the Civil Rights Movement was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. It was sparked by Rosa Parks, an African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. This act of resistance led to a mass boycott of the city's buses by African Americans, demanding an end to segregated seating. The boycott lasted for over a year and ultimately resulted in a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional.Another significant event was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. It was organized by civil rights activists, including Martin Luther King Jr., and drew approximately 250,000 participants. During this march, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, calling for racial equality and an end to discrimination. The march increased public awareness of the civil rights movement and put pressure on the government to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Key individuals who played a role in the Civil Rights Movement include Martin Luther King Jr., who became the face of the movement due to his charismatic leadership and nonviolent philosophy. His efforts and speeches inspired millions of people to join the fight for equality. Other notablefigures include Rosa Parks, who sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and Malcolm X, a prominent civil rights activist who advocated for black empowerment through self-defense.The Civil Rights Movement resulted in significant achievements, such as the desegregation of schools, the end of Jim Crow laws, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to protect African Americans' right to vote. It laid the foundation for future social justice movements and transformed the landscape of American society.In conclusion, the Civil Rights Movement marked a turning point in American history. It was a struggle for equality and justice, led by courageous individuals who fought against racial discrimination. Through their efforts, they brought about lasting change and paved the way for a more inclusive and equal society.。
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美国
数量
人口
增长率 人种 移民
农产品
自 然 环 境
类型 地形 分布 地势源自气候类型特点 特点
人 文 环 境
居民
农业
农业带
经济
工业
工业区
河流
工业部门
主要河流
高新技术产业
资源： 煤、铁、石油
城市
读P83图9.6美国的地形图，找出并记忆： 海洋：太平洋、大西洋、墨西哥湾 邻国：加拿大、墨西哥 平原：大平原、中央平原 山脉：科迪勒拉山系、落基山脉、阿巴拉契亚山脉 河流：密西西比河 湖泊：苏必利尔湖、密歇根湖、休伦湖、伊利湖、安大略湖 海外州：阿拉斯加、夏威夷 读P85图9.10美国本土农业带的分布图，找出并记忆： 农业带：乳畜带（形成的自然、社会原因）、玉米带（形成原因）、 小麦区、棉花带、亚热带作物带、畜牧和灌溉农业区、小麦和林牧业 区、水果和灌溉农业区、混合农业区 读P86图9.11美国主要的工业区和工业城市图，找出并记忆： 工业区：东北部（形成条件）、南部、西部 主要城市：华盛顿、纽约、匹兹堡、底特律、芝加哥、休斯敦、 西雅图、旧金山、洛杉矶
直击中考，强化提升
（1）大西洋 阿巴拉契亚 堪培拉 （2）太平洋 C （3）发达 服务 高新 （4）C （5）阿拉斯加 灌溉、航运 （6）东部为山地，中部为平原
（1）写出名称：海洋B____；山脉C_____；城市D_______ （2）美国中学生詹姆暑假到澳大利亚旅游，先从美国乘船穿越____洋到澳大利亚东海岸 ，再沿南回归线自东向西，依次穿过的三大地形区为（ ） A.高原、平原、山地 B.山地、平原、山地 C.山地、平原、高原 D.山地、高原、平原 （3）从经济发展水平看，澳大利亚与美国同属____国家；目前澳大利亚_____业已超过 工矿业、农牧业，成为该国的经济支柱；美国经济增长目前主要得益于_____产业的蓬勃 发展。 （4）下面是詹姆在澳大利亚旅游写的一段文字，正确的是（ ） A.澳大利亚地处热带，动植物资源种类极为繁多，被誉为“世界活化石博物馆” B.在首都堪培拉我见到了贝壳状的歌剧院 C.在澳大利亚的国徽上我见到了袋鼠与鸸鹋的图 案 D.在中部平原上我见到了大量劳动力在稻田精耕细作 （5）图中A代表的是美国的海外州______。密西西比河为美国农业生产提供了哪些有利 条件？________。 （6）两国地形分布的共同特点是_________。
以旧引新，深化知识
（1）专业化 耕地面积广，劳动力不足 日本土地狭小，农机小型化，难见到大 型农业机械。 （2）美国大部分国土处于温带，热带面 积小
（1）一位日本农场主到美国小麦农业区考察后有这样一段描述：我们驱车百余千 米仍不见一个村庄，到处都是一望无际的金黄麦田。赶到农场时，场院停放着许 多台高大的收割机把我吓了一跳，呀，它的轮子足有一人高呢！ 日本农场主的描述反映出美国农业生产的另一特点：______。从材料中可看出这 种特点形成的原因主要是什么？_________。 你认为日本农场主惊讶的主要原因是什么？________________。 （2）美国是当今世界上最大的农产品出口国，但咖啡、可可、天然橡胶等热带农 产品仍需大量进口。其原因是____________。