英语：Unit6 More reading 语言点(牛津上海S2B)
company.
6. throw away 7. take up 占据；开始从事 8. leak… into 渗透,泄漏 9. recycle 使再循环，反复利用
recycling bins 10. take the lead 带头，做榜样
dropped one in the process.
13. do one’s part 尽自己的职责
The gardener did his part well when cultivating the plants.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
4. transport 运输 n. transportation
5. end up 结束；告终 end up + in/ as
doing 如果你那样驾驶汽车,你最终要进医院。 If you drive the car like that，you’ll end up in hospital． 他最终成了这家公司的所有人。
Unit 6
More reading The problem of packaging
1. a major / large source of 主要来源
2. make up “构成”， be made up of “由…构成”
3. wrapper n. 包装材料，包装纸 v. wrap (wrapped, ---)
他总是带头做任何事。
He always takes the lead in doing
anything.
11. separate ….into
12. process 1) v. 加工，处理 It may take a few weeks for these wasted paper to be processed. 2) n. 过程 a slow process I started moving these vases but
沪教版高一英语Unit+6+More+Reading
Unit 6 More Reading1. manage (vt.)(1) 经营，管理[= run]manage a house / money / a business(2) 设法做到manage to do sth. = succeed in doing = be able to do sth. 成功做到某事In spite of all the challenges, he managed to enter his dream university.(3) 应对[通常与can / could 连用]Peter: Do you need any help?Eric: No, thanks. I can manage.management (n.) 管理manager (n.) 管理者，经理sales manager 销售经理department manger 部门经理general manager 总经理2. go back to + place 回去，回到* go back home/ therego back to + time 追溯= date from= date back to (无被动)The ancient tower goes back to the 3rd century B.C.3. association 协会, 联合,联盟NBA =National Basketball Association 美职篮associate (vt) 联合；联系associate A with B 把A与B联系起来Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.* associate with sb (vi) 与…打交道I object to my son associating with such people.4. sponsor (vt) 赞助, 主办a government-sponsored project 政府扶持的工程sponsor the orphan 资助孤儿a sponsored walk 募捐性质的步行ChenKun has participated in a sponsored walk since 2010.(n) 赞助人Unless he can find a sponsor he'll be forced to retire from athletics.5. bankers across = throughout the USA 全美国的银行家[仅需了解，不做重点要求。
高二英语下unit6课文牛津上海版
cause.
Other cosmetic companies
Promise to make you look younger and more beautiful.
Use persuasive and expensive advertising campaigns.
eg. There is no question that the laser will continue to revolutionize the field of chemistry. 毫无疑问，激光将继续使化学领域发生变革。
14 ) refill v. 再装满；灌满。
eg. When you’re done with those, you could refill it with new titles. 当你看完这些内容时，你可以重新载入一 批新的书籍。
Skimming and scanning:
1.What is the Body Shop? A global business. 2. What does The Body Shop sell? Cosmetics. 3. What is the link between The Body Shop
b: Their expensive packaging.
4. Why did Anita Roddick use simple, truthful language to explain her products?
She thought it was immoral to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics.
牛津上海版英语六年级上册Unit6reading2说课稿
我所教授的六年级学生正处于青少年时期，他们充满活力，好奇心强，对新鲜事物有较高的兴趣。他们的认知水平正处于从具体形象思维向抽象逻辑思维过渡的阶段，已经具备了一定的阅读和写作能力，但仍在一定程度上需要借助图像和实物来辅助理解。学生们普遍对英语学习保持积极态度，但部分学生对英语阅读存在一定的恐惧心理，学习习惯方面，部分学生课堂参与度较高，能够积极发言，而部分学生则较为内向，需要引导和鼓励。
4.对学生的表现给予及时的反馈和表扬，增强他们的自信心和学习动力。
5.将环保主题与学生的生活实际相结合，让他们意识到环保知识在日常生活中的重要性，从而提高学习的内在动机。
三、教学方法与手段
（一）教学策略
在本节课中，我将采用任务型教学法和交际式教学法。任务型教学法强调学生在真实语境中完成特定任务，从而促进他们的语言运用能力和思维能力的发展。交际式教学法则注重师生之间以及学生之间的互动，通过对话和交流促进学生的语言学习和认知发展。选择这些方法的理论依据是现代外语教学理论，即学习语言的过程不仅仅是被动地接受和记忆，更是主动地参与和运用。通过真实任务的完成和交际互动，学生能够更好地理解和运用所学知识，提高语言实际运用能力。
在整个课程体系中，Unit6是第六个单元，属于高年级阶段。通过学习本单元，学生能够提高自己的阅读理解能力，掌握一定的环保知识，培养自己的环保意识。
本节课的主要知识点有：1.掌握故事的主要情节和人物；2.学习与环保相关的词汇和表达方式；3.理解并运用一般过去时态描述过去发生的事情；4.培养学生的阅读理解和写作能力。
（二）新知讲授
在新知讲授阶段，我会采取以下步骤逐步呈现知识点，引导学生深入理解：首先，我会带领学生一起阅读故事，边读边解释生词和短语的意思；其次，我会引导学生关注故事中的环保主题，让学生思考环保问题的重要性；然后，我会通过举例和练习，讲解一般过去时态的用法；最后，我会组织学生进行小组讨论，让他们运用所学知识讨论环保问题。
牛津上海英语六年级上册 Unit6 reading (共20张PPT)
1234
4-2
Jill lives __f_a_r__a_w__a__y__f_r_o__m___ school. She goes to school __b_y__f_e__r_r_y_____. It takes her about _f_o_r_t_y___m__i_n_u__t_e_s____. 1234
often _________________.
People’s Square
the Bund
Jinmao Building
It takes him____________. Last Saturday,
Shanghai Science Museum he____________________. It_____________________.
How long do they spend getting there?
• With a classmate, ask and answer questions, like this:
S1: How long does it take you to get to …?
S2: It takes me about ___ minutes to get there.
Yu Garden
Century Park
Next Sunday, he___________________. It ___________________.
Hongqiao Airport
Pudong Airport
Homework
Thank you !
1234
Look and say
10 mins
5 mins
It takes me about fifteen minutes to get to the supermarket.
最新牛津上海版高二下More-Reading
最新牛津上海版高二下More-Reading牛津上海版高二下More ReadingUnit 1 More reading P12-13For health and beautyRead the article below from a website on exercise.Aerobics is one of the most beneficial and also one of the most beautiful forms of exercise. Any physical activity that makes your pulse get quicker and your breathing get deeper is a kind of aerobic exercise. The word 'aerobic' means 'with oxygen' or 'having oxygen'. Aerobic exercise therefore aims at making the heart and lungs work at a higher rate so as to supply more oxygen to the muscles. The benefits of aerobic exercise include having a stronger heart, lower blood pressure, stronger bones, better sleep, less body fat, more energy and less stress.It is suggested that you do aerobic exercise for twenty to forty minutes, three to four times a week. Only then will you begin to reach your optimal level of general fitness. When you exercise, the speed at which your heart beats, or your pulse rate, tells you how intense your workout is. People who are not fit but want to lose weight should keep their pulse rates low and do moderate exercise for a longer time. People who are quite fit can do exercises that require large amounts of energy. They can even compete in marathons. There are many forms of aerobic exercise, including running, swimming, cycling and skiing. Walking is the most common form of aerobic exercise. Most people do it every day! It is low intensity and is recommended for beginners. Running is suitable for almost everyone, but it is important to remember not to overdo it.You must pace yourself and always wear good quality shoes.By doing this type of balanced, relaxing exercise, our responses get quicker, our mind sharper, and we become more efficient and productive.To sum up, aerobic exercise is good for everyone. It can lead to a better quality of life!Unit 2 More reading P26A smile a day keeps the doctor awayRead the following leaflet about the benefits of laughter in our lives.Have you ever heard the proverb 'laughter is the best medicine'? Everyone knows that it is fun to laugh and that laughing makes you feel good. Now doctors and researchers are telling us that laughter is good for our health and may even prevent illnesses such as heart disease. Laughter helps reduce stress and lower blood pressure and pulse rates. It strengthens the immune system and helps us deal with pain just like real medicine does. In fact, laughter is so good for our health that laughing 100 times a day is equivalent to exercising for ten minutes on a rowing machine!Laughter is also good for our minds. When people are stressed, they watch funny films to laugh away emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. This is why laughter is increasingly being used in hospitals as a form of therapy. More and more hospitals are encouraging patients to laugh. They have started showing comedies on hospital TVs and, on the advice of doctors, clowns visit some hospitals to bring laughter to the patients.One group who arranges such visits is the Humour Foundation, an Australian charity. Set up in 1997, it runs the Clown Doctor programme. This programme uses clown doctors to help children who are ill or who have undergone surgery feelbetter. They cheer these children up with jokes, magic shows, songs and balloons.You cannot deny the truth that laughter is good for you. The city's hospitals are now starting their own clown doctor programme and are looking for your help. Anyone with a sense of humour and a desire to help others can apply. If you would like to volunteer, please contact the Public Health Bureau for more details. Remember a smile a day keeps the doctor away!Unit 3 More reading P42-43Different cultures, different coloursFind out how people in different cultures think about colour by reading this leaflet for business travellers published by an international business magazine.Different cultures do not always agree on their colour associations. Depending on the country, it can make a big difference whether you wear red or white to a wedding, or what colour you wrap presents in. Therefore, it is essential that you should remember which colours are used in different circumstances in different places. In this way, you will not offend anyone or embarrass yourself.● Want to impress your host on that business trip to China? Red is the perfect colour for wrapping gifts. It is used on red packets and red lanterns during the Spring Festival, and is even the colour of wedding dresses, symbolizing happiness and prosperity.● Avoid using black for gifts in the USA! Black is the colour worn to funerals in the USA and Europe, as it is the colour of darkness and night.● You could ruin a party in many Asian countries by dressing completely in white. Since it is the colour of winter, the time whenplants shed their leaves and die, it is considered to be a colour of death and mourning in some countries.● Don't wear white to a wedding in Europe! Only the bride should wear white, as it is a colour of virtue and purity. Stick to a formal suit and tie for men, and a smart dress for women.● Travelling to Spain, Italy or Brazil? Then forget about wearing purple clothes, as purple is the colour of mourning in these countries.● Unpack that white coat if you're going to the USA, unl ess you want to be mistaken fora doctor or a nurse. They wear white in many countries because it is a calming and relaxing colour.Unit 4 More reading P57-58The origins of artRead about the origins of art from an article in a journal on archaeology.Some of the oldest artwork yet discovered was found in 1879 in Altamira, Spain. Amateur archaeologist Marcelino de Satuola and his nine-year-old daughter were investigating a cave on his property. As the father dug in the cave floor looking for ancient artefacts, his daughter Maria explored another room in the cave. Suddenly, she shouted, 'Look, Father! Bulls!' The father hurried to take a peek. On the low ceiling of the cave he found colourful paintings of a kind of bison that Satuola knew to be extinct, along with images of horses, deer and wild boar.Based on his knowledge as an archaeologist, Satuola maintained that the paintings dated from the Stone Age. However, his claims were greeted with ridicule by the scientific community. Other archaeologists thought the colours seemed too bright and the images too lifelike to have been created byancient man. Even though other discoveries of cave paintings soon followed, it was not until 1902 that any of these finds were accepted as genuine. Researchers now believe that these cave paintings are between 10,000 and 20,000 years old.We may now know the age of the paintings, but the reason why they were created is yet a mystery. The painters may have wanted to record past hunts or tell a story, or they could have used the paintings for some kind of magical or religious purpose. We simply do not know. However, we do know that, at least in one way, Stone Age people were not so different from ourselves--they found inspiration and pleasure in art.Unit 5 More reading P74-75A Helping the environmentRead this leaflet describing one way in which you can help the environment.We are all aware of the many threats to the environment and the need to act in a responsible manner to protect the world which we all share. Many people say that they are in favour of the 'green movement'. However, it is often difficult to find anything practical which you can do to help, and you may feel that you cannot take any action to support the cause. One thing you can do is to try to buy 'green' products.For example, let us consider the problem of the ozone layer. Around the Earth, there is a thin layer of ozone, a kind of gas protecting us from many of the harmful rays of the Sun.A few years ago, scientists in the Antarctic became aware of holes growing in the ozone layer. As these holes get bigger, harmful rays from the Sun are increasingly reaching us, causing crop damage and cancer. This is a big problem in countries near the polar regions, like Australia, where skin cancer caused in partby ozone depletion is now considered a national epidemic.Further research into the problem showed that the ozone layer is being destroyed by gases called CFCs. These gases are released into the atmosphere by the chemicals used in aerosol cans, refrigerators and air conditioners. To help save the ozone layer, many manufacturers have stopped producing aerosol cans that use CFCs. They have switchedto other less harmful chemicals, and labelled their cans 'ozone-friendly' or 'no CFCs'.The problem of refrigerators and air conditioners has been more difficult to solve. However, more and more manufacturers are now producing refrigerators and air conditioners that do not use CFCs. Therefore, when you go shopping you should choose ozone-friendly products. Then you will be doing something to help the environment. Unit 6 More reading P88A The problem of packagingRead this magazine article to find out how even small things can make a difference when it comes to the environment.A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 per cent of the total. T o understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, thecompanies set up recycling bins in every neighbourhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories--metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.。
八年级下学期英语沪教牛津版Unit6_Reading_B_课文知识训练
Unit6 Reading B课文知识训练单项选择1. —Can you answer this question?—Sorry, I can ____ understand it.A. hardlyB. almostC. quiteD. nearly2. Don’t be ____. The baby is asleep.A. quietB. noisyC. quietlyD. noisily3. I had no choice but ____ as the teacher had told me.A. doB. doingC. to doD. does4. Tim and I have nothing ____ common.A. atB. inC. withD. on5. We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so ____.A. quickB. quicklyC. usefulD. usefully6. The horses ____ on the grassland every day.A. run freeB. run awayC. run outD. run after参考答案及解析1. A 根据句意，答语应为否定含义，只能用hardly表示“几乎不”。
almost几乎都，差不多；quite 相当，十分；nearly几乎，差不多。
故选A。
2. B 句意：“别吵，宝宝在睡觉”。
be后应用形容词noisy “吵闹的”，而noisily为副词。
3. C have no choice but to do… 除了做…别无选择。
固定用法。
4. B have (nothing)… in common 在…方面(没)有共同点。
5. B 此处用副词修饰动词，根据句意，选quickly。
6. A 句意：“这些马每天都在草原上自由自在地奔跑。
” run free (动物) 四处自由走动，自由自在；run away逃跑；run out用完，用尽；run after追赶。
牛津英语模块6 Unit 2 Reading--Language Points教学课件 (共20张P
Imitati
You could have been more careful in the quiz. You made too many mistakes.
Sentence imitation:
1).到他意识到自己的观点是错误的时候，他已经差不 多写完论文了。
By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had already finished his papers.
2).到我们到达的时候为止，所有的客人已经走了。 By the time we arrived, all the guests had already left.
1. be surrounded by 2. be aware of 3. achieve success in something 4. meet a goal 5. a physical disability 6. be happy with one’s life 7. remain cheerful 8. be rushed to a top hospital 9. live apart from her parents 10. be in good spirits 11. the secret to happiness 12. have appreciation for good things
in life 13. adapt to one’s new life 14. stay positive/optimistic 15. amaze the world by … 16. cheer sb. up
牛津上海英语六年级上册 Unit6Reading(共22张PPT)
Arts and Crafts room
/
/
project /‘pr dʒekt/
They’ll look at the class projects in the Arts and Crafts room.
What will parents do?
have tea and cakes with teachers Music room
What will they do then?
What will they do after that?
Finally, they’ll have tea and cakes with the teachers in the Music room at four twenty-five.
Open Dayp_ro_g_r_a_m_m__e__ for Rose Garden School
财政局领导班子党的群众路线教育实 践活动 对照检 查材料 局领导班子虽然能严格遵守党的政治 原则、 政治立 场、政 治观点, 贯彻执 行党的 路 线、方针、政策和区决策部署,始终同 党央保 持高度 一致, 但对财 政工作 的地位 、
作用认识上存在一定的片面性。 在党的群众路线教育实践活动,我局坚 持开门 搞活动 ,采取 积极走 出去调 研、主 动 请进来座谈,并通过书面函件、联系电 话、调 查问卷 等多种 方式, 广泛听 取社会 各 界对局领导班子的意见和建议。一是 局领导 讲党课 6次,局 领导主 持的专 题学习 活
When 2.00 p.m. _2_.1_5__p_._m__ _2_.3_0__p_._m__ _3_.1_0__p_._m__ _4_.0_0__p_._m__
_4_.2_5__p_._m__
九年级英语上册 Chapter 6 Memory Reading 2课文语言知识整理 上海牛津版
Chapter 6 Memory一. 教学内容：Chapter 6 Memory Reading 2（一）课文语言知识整理（二）课后习题总结二. 知识总结与归纳（一）课文语言知识整理1. get older 变老bee worse 变差2. memory n.记忆memorize v. 记忆3. be essential for 对……至关重要4. injure=hurt v. 弄伤5. be angry with sb. 对某人生气6. one way of doing sth. 做某事的一种方法7. imagine=pretend, make a picture in one’s mind 想象8. amazing adj.惊人的9. be connected with…=be joined/linked with…与……相连10. hear about 听说hear ofhear from（二）课后习题总结C Find the meaningsbasic and sunlight.2. ANN: I wonder what it’s like to be an astronaut.DON: I don’t know, but I imagine it’s exciting.3. PIERRE: The British and French have built a long tunnel to connect France and Britain.PANSY: We’ve built three tunnels to link Puxi and Pudong.4. I was very sorry to hear about the death of your grandmother.5. RON: I had an accident this morning. I fell down some stairs and landed on my head.JOE: Oh, I hope you don’t lost your memory ! How did the accident happen?RON: What accident?6. CINDY: My boyfriend is trying to lose some weight. He’s using the ‘see-food’ method , but it’s not very s uccessful.BESSY: You mean, seafood, like fish and crabs?CINDY: No, see-food. If he sees food, he eats it!C21. For your homework tonight, I want you to memorize the names of all the planets in their correct order. (learn so that you remember well)2. Last night’s game between Eastern and Western had a dramatic ending. Western scored a goal in the last minute of the game, to win the match. ( very exciting)3. The teacher said, ‘Your marks are too low. If you want to improve , you must wor k much harder!’ (do better)4. The small aeroplane which crashed near an airport in France yesterday killed three people and injured twelve others. (hurt)D Read and thinkD1KEITH: Why couldn’t Arthur’s Grandad remember the other two things?PENNY: Oh, that was just part of his (1) joke . It shows that people forget things as they get (2) old . But he was just being funny.KEITH: In Joyce’s article, why was that man angry with his wife?PENNY: Well, he thought she (3) never visited him in hospital. She did visit him really, but he (4) forgot about it after a few minutes.KEITH: Can you explain what Pansy says? What does she mean by the ‘(5) link method’?PENNY: She means that you must make a (6) picture in your (7) mind . It must link two things together in an unusual way. So if you are trying to learn a new English word, you could try to think of a funny picture to help you remember that word.KEITH: What kind of picture is best?PENNY: It’s best if the picture is (8) silly , (9) strange and (10) colourful .KEITH: Whose article contains some stories about people who have memorized thousands of things?PENNY: Oh, that’s in the article by (11) Tony , of course.KEITH: What does the story about President Kennedy’s death show us?PENNY: It shows that when a (12) dramatic thing happens, people remember it well, and they also remember (13) where they were at that time, and (14) what were doing.。
上海版牛津英语S2B课文原文
S2B Unit 1Suffering to be beautiful.Read the transcript below from a radio programme called Head to Head.<Host:> Good morning. Today's topic is beauty. What is beauty? And, to what lengths can or should we go to make ourselves more beautiful? In the studio today are twobeautiful women to help answer these questions! Sue Leslie, a former model who isnow a successful businesswoman, and Elizabeth Cade, a writer and lecturer. Sue,perhaps we could start with you. Is beauty important?<SL:> Well, first, thanks for the compliment, Mary. Now, I think that in today's world, it is important to look your best. You should watch what you eat and keep yourself fit.And if that's not enough, then cosmetic surgery can change people's lives.<Host:> Elizabeth, what's your viewpoint?<EC:> I think it's up to everyone to decide what is right for them, but I do feel that people should be happy with themselves, regardless of how they look. There is too muchemphasis on appearance these days. Seldom do people think about the real dangersof this obsession with looks, both from eating disorders and from having cosmeticsurgery. Also, many people feel unhappy because they just don't happen to fitsociety's current ideas of what is beautiful.<Host:> Since you're a historian, perhaps you could give us a brief historical perspective on this.<EC:> Well, there are lots of examples of societies in which people have done some horrendous things to try to make themselves look more beautiful. For instance,some European women used to have their bottom ribs removed so that they wouldhave thin waists. Neck stretching was fashionable in some parts of South-East Asia.In Africa, there were tribes which stretched their ear lobes or lips. I think it isridiculous that people—usually women—have been forced by society to enduresuch considerable pain and suffering.<SL:> So do I. But times have changed. No one forces people to come to 'Sue's Salon', my health studio. They're free to come, and they enjoy coming because after a coursethere, they look as if they were ten years younger. So I don't see any real point indiscussing all these quaint old customs.<EC:> But there really is no difference between then and now! That is why today, millions of women alter their bodies. They have eye operations, facelifts and many otheroperations just to make other people think they are more beautiful.<SL:> Yes, but it's their own choice.<EC:> I don't agree. Society still judges people on how they look, and so forces them to worry about their appearance. Judging people by their appearance is silly. Weshould judge the whole person.<Host:> Well, I think that sets out some of the issues very well, so now, let's take our first call....S2B Unit 1 More reading.For health and beauty.Read the article below from a website on exercise.Aerobics is one of the most beneficial and also one of the most beautiful forms ofexercise. Any physical activity that makes your pulse get quicker and your breathing get deeper is a kind of aerobic exercise. The word 'aerobic' means 'with oxygen1or 'having oxygen'. Aerobic exercise therefore aims at making the heart and lungs work at a higher rate so as to supply more oxygen to the muscles. The benefits of aerobic exercise include having a stronger heart, lower blood pressure, stronger bones, better sleep, less body fat, more energy and less stress.It is suggested that you do aerobic exercise for twenty to forty minutes, three to four times a week. Only then will you begin to reach your optimal level of general fitness. When you exercise, the speed at which your heart beats, or your pulse rate, tells you how intense your workout is. People who are not fit but want to lose weight should keep their pulse rates low and do moderate exercise for a longer time. People who are quite fit can do exercises that require large amounts of energy. They can even compete in marathons.There are many forms of aerobic exercise, including running, swimming, cycling and skiing. Walking is the most common form of aerobic exercise. Most people do it every day! It is low intensity and is recommended for beginners. Running is suitable for almost everyone, but it is important to remember not to overdo it. Y ou must pace yourself and always wear good quality shoes. By doing this type of balanced, relaxing exercise, our responses get quicker, our mind sharper, and we become more efficient and productive.To sum up, aerobic exercise is good for everyone. It can lead to a better quality of life!S2B Unit 2A practical jokeRead this article on a humour website to see an example of a practical joke.We can define a joke as something you say that causes laughter, and a practical joke as something you do that causes laughter. A practical joke is a trick that is played on an unsuspecting victim to make look silly or embarrassed.In Richard Boston's Book of Practical Jokes, the writer tells the story of a practical joke played on a Mr. Potts who worked in a newspaper office. The impression that Mr. Potts regarded his colleagues as inferiors made him unpopular. His colleagues decided to play a joke on him that might make him feel more humble.Now it so happened that Mr. Potts always wore the same hat to work. It was a rather unpleasant-looking green colour. When he arrived at the office every morning at precisely ten o'clock, he would hang his hat on a peg and proceed to his desk. When he left in the afternoon, he reversed the process. He took his hat from the peg, placed it on his head, said 'Good afternoon', and departed for home.One day, when he was out of the room, his colleagues examined the hat very carefully. Then they went to a nearby shops and bought a hat exactly like it, but quite a bit larger. When they returned to the office, Mr. Potts was still out, so they exchanged the new hat for the old one.At the end of the afternoon, Mr. Potts got up to leave. When he put his hat on his head, however, it dropped down over his eyes. After he left the office, everyone roared with laughter.The next day, to every one surprise, Mr. Potts turned up with his hat in its normal position. His colleagues were puzzled by this, and while Mr. Potts was out they studied the hat carefully. They found that Mr. Potts had fixed some pieces of newspaper round inside of the hat to reduce its diameter and make it smaller.The next day they decided to take Mr. Potts's old hat from their cupboard where they had concealedit. They made it smaller in the same way, and replaced the new hat with the old one. At the end of the day, Mr. Potts got up to leave as usual. When he put his hat on this time, however, it stuck right on top of his head. Again, everyone roared with laughter when he left the office.Mr. Potts's colleagues changed the hats every day. The result was that on alternate days he wore the big hat and the small one. In the end, the belief that an illness was making his head change size from day to day led Mr. Potts to go to a doctor. 'Nonsense', said the doctor. 'There is no such disease.'S2B Unit 2 More ReadingA smiles a day keeps the doctor awayRead the following leaflet about the benefits of laughter in our lives.Have you ever heard the proverb 'laughter is the best medicine'? Everyone knows that it is fun to laugh and that laughing makes you feel good. Now doctors and researchers are telling us that laughter is good for our health and may even prevent illnesses such as heart disease. Laughter helps reduce stress and lower blood pressure and pulse rates. It strengthens the immune system and helps us deal with pain just like real medicine does. In fact, laughter is so good for our health that laughing 100 times a day is equivalent to exercising for ten minutes on a rowing machine!Laughter is also good for our minds. When people are stressed, they watch funny films to laugh away emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. This is why laughter is increasingly being used in hospitals as a form of therapy. More and more hospitals are encouraging patients to laugh. They have started showing comedies on hospital TVs and, on the advice of doctors, clowns visit come hospitals to bring laughter to the patients.One group who arranges such visits is the Humour Foundation, an Australian charity. Set up in 1997,it runs the Clown Doctor programme. This programme uses clown doctors to help children who are ill or who have undergone surgery feel better. They cheer these children up with jokes, magic shows, songs and balloons.Y ou cannot deny the truth that laughter is good for you. The city's hospitals are now starting their own clown doctor programme and are looking for your help. Anyone with a sense of humour and a desire to help others can apply. If you would like to volunteer, please contact the Public Health Bureau for more details. Remember—a smile a day keeps the doctor away!S2B Unit 3The many meanings of colourWhat do colours tell us about ourselves and the word around us? Read this magazine article to find out.The study of colour and personality is a fascinating mixture of scientific facts and emotional guesswork. Swiss psychologist Max Lüscher has spent most of his life studying colour, and has developed a colour test which helps explain your personality.According to Lüscher, people who choose red on the test are energetic and adventurous, looking for excitement. Those who prefer blue are calm and in control, and prefer a peaceful life. Green means firmness, a dislike of change and a fear of failure. Y ellow means you are open and free, ambitious and optimistic.Each colour affects us in a different way. Blue and green often remind people of peace and quiet. Blue is the colour of the sky and the sea, and green is the colour of plants and trees. People’s pulse rates decrease and they feel more relaxed when they see safe and familiar colours such as blue and green. Red, however, is rare in nature. It is the colour of blood and meat, of hunting and injuries. It is also the colour offire. It is only natural that red should make people tense. When people see the colour red, their pulse rates increase. The darkest nights are black—a colour often associated with fear.In our daily life, colours are often used by the food industry. Next time you are in a supermarket, think about the colours around you and on the products. That food companies often use red, green, orange and yellow is not surprising. All of these are regarded as the main 'appetite' colours that help persuade people to buy more food. Fast-food restaurants often use red for two reasons. Not only does it stimulate the appetite, but it also makes people feel energetic, so that after they have eaten they will leave more quickly, thus making space for more customers.It is no secret why banks like to use more serious, restful colours such as blue, brown and green. These persuade people to think of the bank as a safe and reliable place. Y ellow makes us think of sunshine and holidays, which is the reason why travel agents use it.Colours are used in flags, as well. Over 80% of countries have red—the colour of action—in their national flags. Light blue, which symbolizes peace, is the colour of the United Nations. Many environmental groups have chosen green, which reminds people of nature, as their colour.Colour is a powerful tool. It can be used to help us, to warn us, to relax us, to control us and to make us buy things.S2B Unit 3 More readingFind out how people in different cultures think about colour by reading this leaflet for business travelers published by an international business magazine.Different cultures do not always agree on their colour associations. Depending on the country, it can make a big difference whether you wear red or white to a wedding, or what colour you wrap presents in. Therefore, it is essential that you should remember which colours are used in different circumstances in different places. In this way, you will not offend anyone or embarrass yourself.●Want to impress your host on that business trip to China? Red is the perfect colour forwrapping gifts. It is used on red packets and red lanterns during the Spring Festival, and iseven the colour of wedding dresses, symbolizing happiness and prosperity.●Avoid using black for gifts in the USA! Black is the colour worn to funerals in the USA andEurope, as it is the colour of darkness and night.●Y ou could ruin a party in many Asian countries by dressing completely in white. Since it is thecolour of winter, the time when plants shed their leaves and die, it is considered to be a colourof death and mourning in some countries.●Don't wear white to a wedding in Europe! Only the bride should wear white, as it is a colourof virtue and purity. Stick to a formal suit and tie for men, and a smart dress for women.●Travelling to Spain, Italy or Brazil? Then forget about wearing purple clothes, as purple is thecolour of mourning in these countries.●Unpack that white coat if you're going to the USA, unless you want to be mistaken for adoctor or a nurse. They wear white in many countries because it is a calming and relaxingcolour.S2B Unit 4The Vincent V an Gogh exhibitionAn exhibition of some of the paintings of Vincent V an Gogh will open at the Culture Centre next week. Read an art critic’s review of V an Gogh’s life and work.Vincent V an Gogh is probably the world famous painter. Many people wonder if he deserves such a reputation. Certainly, he was not a success in his lifetime. Although he produced more than 800 paintings,he sold only one, for about US $80. No gallery showed his work during his life. Few people may have even heard of him. His fame developed slowly after his death in 1890, but it has never stop growing. One hundred years later, in 1990, a Japanese businessman paid US $82 million for one of his works—a world record.He was born in the Netherlands in 1853. As a young man, he tried many different jobs. He worked in an art dealer’s company, but he must have disliked it, because he left. He we nt to England and became a language teacher. Then, looking for a deeper purpose in life, he worked as a missionary among the poor in Belgium, but he quarrelled with his superiors and abandoned that career as well. Finally, he decided to become a painter.For the rest of his life, he depended on the financial support of his brother Theo, the only person who believed in his ability. For ten years, from 1880 to 1890, V an Gogh produced his best paintings, until, sadly, he took his own life.It would be easy to say that he was mad. He had difficulty getting along with people, often arguing with them. After one quarrel, in late 1888, he was so upset that he cut off part of his own ear and gave it to a young girl. Later, from 1889 to 1890, he spent a year in a mental hospital. Y et, for most of his life he was completely sane. We know this because he wrote hundreds of letters to Theo expressing his idea and his work, and these letters show the clarity of his thinking.Does he deserve the fame he now possesses? Certainly. I admire his work tremendously. His paintings are realistic, not abstract. At the same time, they are not like photographs. The bright colours and thick strokes of his paintings make the strong feelings inside him visible. Even when his subjects are flowers, trees of the sky, his paintings are full of powerful, honest emotions, emotions which finally killed him.We are undoubtedly lucky to have the chance to view these masterpieces. V an Gogh exhibitions are very rare. This is the cultural event of the decade. Y ou may have to spend hours in the queue, but do not miss this chance—his paintings might not come this way again for many years.S2B Unit 4 More ReadingThe origins of artRead about the origins of art from an article in a journal on archaeology.Some of the oldest artwork yet discovered was found in 1879 in Altamira, Spain. Amateur archaeologist Marcelino de Satuola and his nine-year-old daughter were investigating a cave on his property. As the father dug in the cave floor looking for ancient artefacts, his daughter Maria explored another room in the cave. Suddenly, she shouted, ‘Look, Father! Bulls!’ The father hurried to take a peek. On the low ceiling of the cave he found colourful paintings of a kind of bison that Satuola knew to be extinct, along with images of horses, deer and wild boar.Based on his knowledge as an archaeologist, Satuola maintained that the paintings dated from the Stone Age. However, his claims were greeted with ridicule by the scientific community. Other archaeologists thought the colours seemed too bright and the images too lifelike to have been created by ancient man. Even though other discoveries of cave paintings soon followed, it was not until 1902 that any of these finds were accepted as genuine. Researchers now believe that these cave paintings are between 10,000 and 20,000 years old.We may now know the age of the paintings, but the reason why they were created is yet a mystery. The painters may have wanted to tell a story, or they could have used the paintings for some kind of magical or religious purpose. We simply do not know. However, we do know that, at least in one way,Stone Age people were not so different from ourselves—they found inspiration and pleasure in art.S2B Unit 5Green orchidsRead this story from a book on environmental issues.Life is a series of choices, and we cannot always foresee the consequences.Harry Saleem, and obese man with too much money and power, faced a choice. Outside his office waited his personal doctor, bringing him vital news about the only medicine which could save his life. On the other side of the world, one of his engineers waited for his decision on an important matter of business.His secretary asked whether she should bring the doctor in. And then the billionaire businessman made his decision.‘No, let the fool wait,’ growled Saleem, ‘Business comes first.’ Despite the health problems caused by his huge weight, he was still obsessed with making money. He raised a fat finger, and one of his staff hurried to switch on a large television set.The screen flashed to life, and Saleem's engineer appeared. The man talked by satellite directly to his master although they were thousands of miles apart. ‘It's all ready to blow, Mr. Saleem,’ he said, ‘just say the word.’His engineer was standing above Pakan V alley in south America. A few months ago, it had been a rainforest. Then Saleem's men had come, cutting down all the valuable trees and forcing the villagers to move out. Across the bottom of the valley, a dam had been built. This would provide power for the factories which Saleem planned to build in the area. The factories would bring him vast profits.He saw no reason to delay. He ordered the engineer to press the button. The camera panned away into the distance, and then a cloud of dust rose up, followed shortly by a dull explosion. A mighty river changed its course, and water flooded into the doomed Pakan V alley.‘Good, that's that. Turn it off. Now get that doctor in here,’ he commanded. The doctor came in with a worried look and started to examine his wealthy patient. ‘Y ou're doing very well, Mr. Saleem,’ he said finally. ‘The mew medicine is saving your life. The only difficulty is getting more of it.’‘Can you get more? Money is no problem,’ Saleem said. ‘Tell me what you need, and we'll get it.’‘The main ingredient of this medicine came from a newly-discovered plant—a small, green orchid,’the doctor explained. ‘We'll need many of them to make enough medicine. They are very rare. There's only one place in the world where they grow.’‘Where?’ demanded the businessman, impatiently.The doctor smiled. ‘Well, luckily the orchids come from some land which you own, sir, so there won't be any difficulty finding them. They're from a place in south America known as Pakan V alley.’S2B Unit 5 More ReadingHelping the environmentRead this leaflet describing one way in which you can help the environment.We are all aware of the many threats to the environment and the need to act in a responsible manner to protect the world which we all share. Many people say that they are in favor of the green movement. However, it is often difficult to find anything practical which you can do to help, and you may feel that you cannot take any action to support the cause. One thing you can do is to try to buy green products.For example, let us consider the problem of the ozone layer. Around the earth, there is a thin layer of ozone, a kind of gas protecting us from many of the harmful rays of the sun. A few years ago, scientistsin the Antarctic became aware of holes growing in the ozone layers. As these holes get bigger, harmful rays from the sun are increasingly reaching us, causing crop damage and cancer. This is a big problem in countries near the polar regions, like Australia, where skin cancer caused in part by ozone depletion is now considered a national epidemic.Further research into the problem showed that the ozone layer is being destroyed by gases called CFCs. These gases are released into the atmosphere by the chemicals used in aerosol cans, refrigerators and air conditioners. To help save the ozone layer, many manufacturers have stopped producing aerosol cans that use CFCs. They have switched to other less harmful chemicals, and labeled their cans ozone-friendly or no CFCs.The problem of refrigerators and air conditioners has been more difficult to solve. However, more and more manufacturers are now producing refrigerators and air conditioners that do not use CFCs. Therefore, when you go shopping you should choose ozone-friendly products. Then you will be doing something to help the environment.S2B Unit 6Unique and unconventionalRead this brochure to see how one company engages in a new way of doing business.Like all industries, the cosmetics industry wants to make money. It promises to make you younger and more beautiful. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream. These dreams are sold to customers with persuasive and expensive advertising campaigns. Pictures of youthful girls are used to sell anti-ageing creams to fifty-year-old women. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often doubling their cost.The cosmetics industry also wants to be sure that the products are not harmful. It does not want a customer to be poisoned by a lipstick, or blinded by a new type of eye make-up. Its products proven unsafe, a company is likely to be sued for millions of dollars. To avoid this, many cosmetic products are tested on animals to ensure that they are harmless. These painful tests include force-feeding, injections, applying the product to the skin or dripping it into the eyes of the helpless animals.Then came the body shop. in 1976 an amazing, unconventional woman called Anita Roddick decided to open a small shop in England. she ignored all the accepted principles of the cosmetics industry. yet, the body shop now has over 2100 shops worldwide. her company prospering, Anita revolutionized the industry.Anita wanted to sell simple, natural products for the skin and hair. She thought it was immoral to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics. Therefore, she explained the qualities (and limitations) of each product in simple, truthful language. banning images of beautiful women in her shops, she promoted health, not beauty.She thought that packaging was unimportant, so she started a refilling and recycling service which is unique in the cosmetics industry. in every shop, there is a refill bar. This allows customers to refill their old bottles, thus saving waste.Last, she thought that cosmetics should not be tested on animals. she refused to sell such products. The body shop has campaigned against animal testing. it has also funded research into alternative ways of testing product safety.Remarkably, the body shop has become a global business without spending any money on advertising. at first Anita attracted wide publicity by explaining her views and later by holdingpro-environment campaigns. these helped the causes which she supported, and also publicized the body shop. she encouraged all her staff to take part in local campaigns. she also taught them to believe that profits, although important, are not the only aim of a business.S2B Unit 6 More ReadingThe problem of packagingRead this magazine article to find out how even small things can make a difference when it comes to the environment.A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 per cent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991,Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.。