介词讲义完整版
介词(讲义)通用版英语六年级下册
介词一、介词的定义：介词一般位于名词或代词之前，在句中不单独做任何成分。
介词本身有独立的含义，但意义不够完整，在句中使用时，后面必须接有宾语构成介词短语后，才能表达完整的意义。
介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。
二、介词的用法：（一）表示时间的介词的用法：1. at, on, in（1）at 在句中用在钟点之前,意为“在……点钟”。
如：at six. 在6点。
（2）at用在固定短语中。
如：at noon在中午；at this time of year 一年这个时候（3）on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。
如：on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上；on a cold winter night 在一个寒冷的冬天的夜里；on May 20th 在5月20日（4）on用在星期前。
如：on Sunday在星期日（5）in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。
如：in 2008 在2008年；in October在10月；in spring 在春天；in the twentieth century 在二十世纪；in his twenties 在他二十多岁时；in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上2. before , after, in（1）in是以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于一般将来时态中。
如：I will come back in three days. 我三天以后回来。
如：She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。
（3）before 表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。
如：Check your papers carefully before you hand them in.【典例精析】Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996.A. onB. ofC. to,D. in【答案】D【解析】in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中随堂小练习1( ) 1. He often goes ______ school ______ six thirty ______ the morning.A. for; to; inB. to; at; inC. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2. ______ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. inB. onC. atD. for( )3. Joan hopes to come back ______ three days.A. afterB. forC. in（二）表示地点方位介词的用法：1. at, inat 后跟小地方；in后跟大地点2. in, on, toin表示在某一范围内的某方位；on表示与某地相邻关系；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围。
6年级 Lesson 3 -介词 讲义
第三讲介词一、课程总览二、知识讲解Vocabulary1. grow /grəʊ/ v.2. plant /plɑːnt/ v.3. seed /siːd/ v.4. enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ v.5. chance /tʃɑːns/ n.6. watch /wɒtʃ/ v.7. connect /kə'nekt/ v.8. real /riːl/ adj.grow /grəʊ/ 植物生长v. If a plant grows in a particular place, it exists and develops there.翻译：这些花今年长得最好。
__________________________________________答案：These flowers grow best this year.plant /plɑːnt/ 种植;栽种v. to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow.翻译：我们每年在花园里种西红柿和胡萝卜。
______________________________________________答案：We plant tomatoes and carrots in the garden every year.seed /siːd/ 种子n. a small hard object produced by plants, from which a new plant of the same kind grows.翻译：农民在春天播种。
_____________________________________________答案：Farmers plant seeds in spring.enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 享受……的乐趣;喜欢v. to get pleasure from something.翻译：我真的很喜欢那部电影。
介词讲义
介词介词：介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。
介词在句子中不能独立使用，它的后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词、短语来作宾语，构成介词短语。
1.方位介词（表示所处位置和地点的介词）2). 词义辨析in, outside, between①in: 在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置There are four girls in the room. 房间里有4个女孩。
②outside: 指“在……外面”There are many people outside the room. 房间外面有很多人。
③between:在两者之间There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆和邮局之间有一所医院。
The building stands between the park and the river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
④among: 在三者或者更多的之中There are some American students among us. 在我们中间有几个美国学生。
on, above, over, below, under①on: 在……上面，有接触面on the table 在桌子上面There is a flag on the top of the hill. 山顶上有一面旗帜。
②above: 指表示“在……上方或位置高出……”, 与below (在……下方)互为反义词。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Greens live above us. 格林一家住在我们楼上。
③over: 在……正上方，是under的反义词There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
The flag is over the blackboard. 那面旗帜在黑板的正上方。
介词讲义
初中英语专题复习——介词一、介词概念介词是一种虚词，它在句中的作用非常重要。
它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，但是介词不能单独使用。
常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。
固定搭配如：on one's way home，help…with，send for，be interested in…，be late for，be angry with，be good at等。
for表示多长时间。
since后接时间起点，其终点往往为现在，常与：这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。
其区别是：after 以；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。
by表示"以…的方式，方法，手段" 和"乘某种交通工具"；with"；in 表示"以……方式，用语言，文字等媒介"。
It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock.It's kind of you to help me.之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。
二、介词具体点拨(一) 知识概要介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。
在初中范围内应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。
下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考介词表示时间，表示地点，方位，表示原因方式，其他。
①about 大约在……时间 如：about five o'clock 在周围②about 大约多远如：about five kilometers③about 关于、涉及如：talk about you④above 高出某一平面如：above sea level如：walk across the street在……之后 如：after supper……后面如：one after another ③追赶如：run after you背靠，逆风如：against the wall，against the windbe against you如：among the trees在某时刻 如：at ten ②在小地点如：at the school gate如：at high speed ④向着，对着如：at me①在……之前 如：before lunch……之前 如：sit before me①位于……之后 如：behind the tree①低于……水平 如：below zero如：below the standard①到……时刻，在……时刻之前如：by five o'clock紧挨着如：site by site③乘坐交通工具如： by air在……期间如：during the holidays①延续多长时间 如：for five years……去如：leave for Shanghai③为了，对于如：be good for you①从某时到……某时 如：from morning till night如：from New York③由某原料制成如：be made from⑤来自何处 如：where are you from①在年、月、周较长时间内 如：in a week②在里面如：in the room用某种语言 如：in English ④穿着如：in red①进入……里面如：walk into②除，分 如：divide into ③变动 如：turn into water①接近某时 如：near five years ②在……附近 如：near the park①用某种原料制成 如：be made of②属于……性质 如：a map of U. S .A①某日、某日的上下午如：on Sunday afternoon②在……上面 如：on the desk ③靠吃……为生如：live on rice③关于 如：a book on Maths①渡过一整段时间 如：work over night②在上方如：over the desk③超过，高于 如：over five pairs①超过某一时刻 如：ten past five②经过某地 如：walk past the park①从某时以来 如：since 1980 ②原因 如：Since you were ill①经过某一时期 如：through his life②通过、穿过某地 如：through the forest①直到某时为止 如：till five o'clock①差多少时间 如：five to ten ②问，到，去往 如：to Shanghai ③面对面 如：face to face ④给予如：give a book to me①在……下面 如：under the desk ②少于 如：under ten在……管制之下如：under the rule①用某种工具 如：with a pen ②带着，具有如：with me没有 如：without air(二) 正误辨析［误］We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.［正］We got to the top of the mountain at day break.［析］at用于具体时刻之前，［误］Don't sleep at daytime［正］Don't sleep in daytime.［析］in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，或或［正］We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.［析］in the morning，前面的介词都要改为on，［误］［正］He became a writter in his twenties［析］这句话应译为：他在20［误］He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.［正］He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.［析］在具体年岁前用at，等等。
高中英语介词讲义
高中英语语法——介词一.常见高频介词的用法：1.against(1.)表示方位：“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”Birds fly slowly__________ the wind.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____________ a big tree.He often stands___________ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.The girl was leaning ___________ the wall with her arms folded.(2.)表示态度：“反对；对着；违背”They got married____________her parents’ wishes.Scientists are racing_____________ time in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible.The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battle___________ heart disease.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ____________ it.(3.)表示对比：“以……为背景；衬托，相应”：The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly __________the snow.Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it’s more important to know what colors look great___________ the wall paper.Flowers look better___________ green leaves.(4.)“防备；对抗”：We will be competing __________ the best companies in Europe.Some animals store food___________ the winter.They don’t believe its goal is to defend____________ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.2.as(1.)“作为；当作”I feel that one of my duties__________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.New York City, also known___________Big Apple, becomes one of the world’s great business and cultural centers.__________ an eight-year-old boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. (2.)习惯用语：as for; as to至于；关于_________ for me, I don’t mind going there by train._________ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?3.at(1.)表示“处于...状态”Europe was_________peace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people couldlive________ at last. (注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态)The two countries are _________ war.(2.)表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁”Children begin schooling___________ the age of five.The two brothers decided to leave _________ midnight, for they had many miles to cover.The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale___________ a reasonable price(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以...”The population of the world is growing_________ a surprising rate.Gary must have driven_________ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman.(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, come, aim, pointHe aimed_______ the target.I stared __________everything as if I were looking for the first time.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows ________ the bird.(5.)表示“应...请求、号召、邀请”We came to Beijing_________ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for three years.(6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一...就...”at the sight of...一看见...就... at the sound of...一听到...就... at the thought/ ideaof...一想起...就... at the news of ...一得到...的消息,就...The girl cried _________ the sight of her mother.The terrible king’s wish was that all the people would shake in fear_________ the sound of his order.People in love with each other may feel empty and sick___________ the thought of not being together.4.beyond(1.)表示程度:“超出，非……所能及”To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_____________ expression in words for me.You really nee d to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven’t been there for years, and you will find changes there are_____________ imagination.We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes__________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer. (2.)表示时间:“过了，比...晚，迟于……”He delayed the matter ________ the fixed time.He came home__________ the usual time.(3.)表示位置：“在……另一边，在……更远处”The woods go for about two miles ___________ the river. 这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。
介词讲义整理
介词一、含义介词属于虚词，不能单独在句子中充当成分，必须与其他词类或者成分结合构成介词短语在句中使用。
二、分类1、简单介词（只是一个单词）2、合成介词3、介词短语4、分词介词三、用法I时间介词1、常见时间介词：at，in，onat①一天中的某个时间点（sunrise，sunset，daybreak，dawn，noon，night，nightfall，midnight等）②节日（期间）③进餐时间（breakfast，lunch，supper）④钟点或某一时刻⑤固定搭配at the beginning/end of，at the age of，at the sight of/at firstsight，at the glance等in①世纪（in the 1980s在20世纪80年代）②年、月、日③季节④早上、下午、晚上（morning，afternoon，evening）on①特定的某一天；具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上等②节日（节日当天）③如果morning，afternoon，evening，night前有early/lately修饰，或者这些词前有具体钟点，用介词inEg：At five o’clock in the morning，I reached the station.by，until/tillby在......之前；不迟于，通常与非延续性动词、过去完成时连用（强调动作在某个时间点前结束）until/till用法参照until（正式用语，用于句首表强调）/till（口语中常用，通常不用于句首，不用于强调句）【conj.】引导时间状语从句（动作持续到某个时间点）since，forsince常用于现在完成时中，表示情况持续至说话时刻或者动作开始于某个时候since+时间点forfor+一段时间，常与延续性动词连用，表示动作延续或者持续的时间（也可用于回答how long）fromfrom...to...表示开始的时间before，afterbeforebefore+时间点afterafter+时间点（将来时）after+时间段（过去时）注意：根据语言环境判断时态，灵活应用2、加时间段的介词in+一段时间过......后（谓动为短暂性动词）;在......之内（谓动为延续性动词）【一般将来/过去将来】（可用来回答how soon）for（同上）during在......期间（强调自始至终）through自始至终；从头到尾II地点介词in，on，toAin 在地区之内，属于该范围（B 在A 内）on 两地相邻、接壤（A 和C ）to 在地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围（C 和D ）in front of ，in the front of in the front of 在......的前部（范围内）如图Ain front of 在......之前（范围外）如图Bby ，near ，besideby 在......旁边（比near 近）near 在附近，在旁边Eg ：She lives by the river.（她住在河边。
介词讲义
介词一、介词的分类：时间介词地点介词方式介词二、知识点精讲:1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to:in表“范围较大的地方”，强调“空间”；at表在“范围较小的地方”，强调“点”;on 表“在物体的表面”in：(1)表示在大地方; He arrives ____ Nanjing . (2)表示“在…范围之内” He lives____ the bedroomat: (1)表示在小地方; He arrives ____ home (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” He sat ____the table表示方位：in:表“在…范围之内” on: 表毗邻，接壤，。
t o: 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”Hunan lies ___the south of Hubei. Taiwan lies ___the east of China. China lies _____the west of America.表位置：in “在……内”，on “在……上”(接触表面)，on “在两边”“在左/右边”。
They are putting up a picture_________thewall.The girl ______the right is a famous actress.1)____ the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。
___ the tree用于指生长在树上果实。
2)____ the wall镶嵌在墙内，窗户、门等。
____ the wall在墙的表面之上，地图等。
在报纸上____ the newspaper报上的内容。
____ the newspaper放在报纸上的东西3).There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4).The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.2)by, beside, near和next to/close to1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边”，常可换用There is a chair ____ the table. 桌子边上有一把椅子。
高三英语语法介词讲义
高三英语语法介词讲义介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句) 与其他句子成分的关系。
一、介词的分类介词可分为下列三类：1. 简单介词：about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等2. 合成介词：inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等3. 短语介词：according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须与名词、代词或相当于名词作用的成分（动名词、名词性从句、疑问词+不定式）构成介词短语才能充当句子的成分。
It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.How much money need I take with me?She is fond of collecting stamps.I wonder how we can finish the job in time.He gave us some advice on how to learn English.二、介词短语的句法功能1. 作定语，例如：I have lost the key to the door of my room.我把房间的钥匙丢了。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
,介词的分类1. 简单介词，是指单个的介词女口：in, on, at, on, to, with 等2. 合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如:in to, on to, without, i nside3. 短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如：in stead of 代替because of 因为accord ing to 按照二，表示时间的介词in front of在…的前面1. at表示具体的时间点女口：at eight o'clock联想：at构成的固定短语:at first 首先at least 至少at prese nt 目前at noon在中午at the age of在…岁时at the same time同时at the end of在。
末at the mome nt在目前，现在at school在上学女口： _________________________________________________ In some wester n coun tries shops are closed _____________________________ w eeke nds.2. in用于年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等。
in March在三月in spri ng在春天in 2008 在2008 年in the morni ng/afterno on /eve ning注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时，一般不加冠词，但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化，就要加定冠词the。
女口：The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happe ned in Sichua n in the May of 2008.In summer childre n are happy because they can swim.联想：in构成的固定短语：show great interest in 对。
感兴趣in the last/past several year 在 过去的几年里 3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用 on如： In the morning 1 ofte n get up at six o 'clock butSun day morning, 1 get up at seve n.A traffic accide nt happened2014.联想：on 构成的固定短语：on board 乘坐（车，飞机）on earth 至U 底on foot 步行on holiday 度假be on show 展览on the other hand 另一方面on one 'way to 在某人去...的路上4.表示时间的 since, for, by, during, until(1) sinee (自从)后跟具体的过去时间，for 后接一段时间。
for 和since 短语所在 的句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词要用延续性动词。
女口： Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years. ⑵by+时间点，意为“到…为止”如果by 后面跟的是将来的时间点，用一般将 来时或hand in 上交in surprise 吃惊地in public 当众in no time 立刻，马上in front of 在…前面in good health 身体健康的 in fact 事实上 in search of 寻找 in the end 最后，终于 in a minute 立刻，马上 in a word 一句话，总而言之 do well in 在…方面干的不错near our school ________ the night of May 2on duty 值班，值日 on fire 着火 on hire 雇佣 on time 按时 on the right 在右边 a book on history 一本关于历史的书将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。
如: I will finish eating by nine o 'lock.By the end of last week, we had fini shed lear ning Un it5.⑶during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的动作。
如:She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.⑷until+时间点，意为“道…为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型not...until直到…才女口：We stayed there un til the sun set.We did n'tgo home un til the sun set.⑸表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在…之前，after在…之后女口：We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleve n we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”女口：What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三.表示方位，地点，行为对象等的介词1. 表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系，意为“在。
范围内”，on表示相邻关系，接壤；to表示相隔关系。
女口：China is _____ the east of Asia.Japa n is_______ the east of China.Russia is ______ the north of China.2. 表示“上下”等方位的介词over, un der, above, below, on(1) over在。
正上方，其反义词为under女口：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a pla ne flying over my head.⑵above表示“在。
上方”，非垂直关系，其反义词为below女口：The plane is flying above the clouds.(3) on在。
之上，指两者表面接触。
其反义词也为under3. 表示“前后”的介词和短语介词(1) in front of在。
前面，指在范围之外的前面，和before意义接近。
女口：There are some bikes in front of the teachi ng build ing.⑵behind是in front of的反义词，意为“在。
后面”⑶in the fron t of表示在范围之内的前面，其反义词组是at the back of4. by, beside在o。
旁边；between在两者之间,among在三者及以上之间(1) by和beside意义相近女口：Do you know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2) between指两者之间，也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个或三个以上的事物或人之间。
注意：between表示两者之间，只要构成双方关系，就可以用between女口：There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to movebetwee n them.教室里有这么多张课桌，几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。
5. across, through穿过across从表面穿过，through穿越，穿透，透过，指从物体内部穿过。
女口：(1)When you go ____ the road, you must be careful.(2) Which river runs _______ Sha nghai?(3) --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in _______ t he wi ndow.--It 'dan gerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6. 表示里外的in, in side, in to, on to, out of, outside(1) in在。
之内女口：My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上”，用in，树上结出的东西“在树上”，用on女口：There are some birds ____ the tree.Autu mn comes and some red apples _______ the apple trees come into peo'e eyes.⑵inside在。
里面，至叽。
里面。
反义词为outside如:Liste n! Some one is talki ng in a low voice in side the door.Don 'stay outside.(3) into至到o oo内。
强调空间或状态的转换。
反义词为o ut of如: Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the wi ndow and saw some people coming back from work.注意：out of还有“脱离，失去”等意义。
如:He has been out of work for long.Fish can 'live long out of water.7. 表示“靠近”的near, next to, aroundnear在。
附近next to在。
旁边around在。
周围女口：There is a park n ear our n eighborhood.I did n 'remember to pho ne un til n ear the end of the week.The mouse is n ext to my computer.That patie nt is n ext to death.The flowers and applause掌声)are always around the wi nn ers.注意：around还表示“大约”，同义词：about女口：It was around/about twelve oclock in the evening.8. 表示运动方向的for, to, towards(1) for常接在leave, start等动词之后，表示运动的方向或目的地。