英译汉复习重点

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英汉翻译复习材料

英汉翻译复习材料

英汉翻译复习材料A New Coursebook On English-Chinese TranslationChapter One: Introduction of Translation1.1Definition1.1.1What is translation?1.1.2Translatability (可译性)1.1.3Translatability has limitations1.1.4Classification①intralingual translation & interlingual translation②interpretation & translation③Translation of literary works, of scientific materials ,of practical writing, of journalese(newspapers and magazines)④full text; extr acted; adapted translation1.2 Criterion of translation1.2.1 Criterion at home and abroad(1)严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)(2) 钱钟书的“化境”(sublimation)(3) 傅雷的“神似”(similarity in spirit)(4) Alexander F. Tytler’s three principles of translation1.2.2 Basic criterion : faithfulness & smoothnessFaithfulness①Faithful to the original meaninge.g. 1. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.误译:因为简想赚钱,所以才不下力干。

翻译复习资料(学生版)

翻译复习资料(学生版)

大学英语5级读写(提高班)翻译复习英译汉:1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。

2.He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度,但性格软弱。

3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。

4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

5.The decision has to come.决定还没做出6.Characteristically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.海罗德与众不同,他隐藏着自己的感情,边看边学。

7.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。

8.Of visible light,red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.在各种可见光中,红光的波长最长,紫光的波长最短。

9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议,但还是白费了力气。

(副词的分译)10.They,not unexpectedly,did not respond.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。

汉译英复习资料

汉译英复习资料

汉译英重点句子1. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记是人准确。

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.2. 阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿,写作训练人的思维。

Reading exercises one's eyes; Speaking, one's tongue; while writing, one's mind.3. 我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。

We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.3. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的,费下苦功不可。

The mastery of the language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.4. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。

Independent thinking is absolute necessity in study.5. 我们很高兴的看到,中国的经济已有了很大的发展。

It is our great pleasure to note that China has made great progress in economy.6. 科学家们深信,所有物质都是不灭的。

Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.9. 许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比,认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.10.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点(英译汉)

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点(英译汉)

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点Unit1一、单词:first floor second floor home room bedroombathroom living room kitchen classroom schoolpark library bookstore farm zoo gardenstudy playground teacher’s office library gym art room computer room music room TV room shop next to homework class forty way二、Let’s do:Go to the library.Read a book.Go to the teachers’ office. Say hello.Go to the playground.Play football.Go to the garden.Water the flowers.三、发音:er /ə/:sweater tiger father brother mother computer farmer ruler driver water sister dinner weather teacher eraser四、句型:1、Is that the computer room?2、Do you have a library? Yes,we do. /No, we don’t3. Where is the library?It’s on the second floor.4. How many students are there in your class?Forty-five students.5. It is a computer.This is my school.。

That is the playground.6. Is this the art room? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Is that the teacher’s office? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Is it a computer? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Do you have a playground?Yes,we do No,we don’t./Yes,I do.No,I don’t.7. This way please.一、单词:一日三餐 breakfast lunch dinner/supper课程(classes):science Chinese class math class PE class English class computer class art classmusic class English class music class PE classget up go to school go home go to bed over now o’clock kid thirty hurry come on just a minute 二、Let’s do:It’s time for breakfast.Let’s drink some milk.It’s time for lunch.Let’s have some chicken.It’s time for dinner.Let’s eat some rice.It’s time for PE class.Let’s jump and run.It’s time for English class.Let’s read and write.It’s time for music class.Let’s sing and dance.三、发音:ir和urIr /ə:/: bird girl birthday thirty shirt T-shirt skirt first Ur /ə:/ :nurse hamburger hurt turn四、句型:It’s time for+名词It’s time to+动词What time is it now? It’s5o’clock.。

英汉互译期末复习

英汉互译期末复习

英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class 商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldomthink of it. The days stretch out in endless vista. So we go about our pettytasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时,死亡几乎是不可想象的。

英汉翻译总复习 (2)

英汉翻译总复习 (2)

英汉翻译总复习I. Directions: Decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).1.“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求得不在形似而在神似”。

这是鲁迅提出的翻译观点。

2. 玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合,其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替代等在今天仍有指导意义。

3. 英语中代词、介词、连词的使用频率高。

汉语的数词使用得多, 因为汉语的成语及缩略语靠数词构成。

4. 英语属于“多枝共干型”或“葡萄串型”,英语句子如“老树参天, 枝杈横生”句子长,插入成分多,形成复杂嵌套结构,呈现“右分支”(right-branching )状,“前重心”,即主要信息放在主句中,放在句首,前重后轻,呈“孔雀尾”(头小尾大)状。

5. 一般来讲,在英语句子中,名词和介词占优势,而在汉语中动词占优势。

6. 汉语是一门动词化的语言,而英语主要以名词为主,呈静态特点。

7. 两汉至唐宋时期对佛经的翻译掀起了我国翻译史的第一次翻译高潮。

8. 就英汉对比而言,汉语重语义,英语重结构,汉语多补充,英语多省略。

9.英汉两种语言分属不同的语系,汉语属于汉臧语系(Sino-Tibetan)英语,属于印欧语系(Indo-European)。

10.释道安提出“五失本,三不易”的翻译理论。

“三不易”指翻译工作中的三种难事:难得恰当,难得契合,难得正确。

11.玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合,其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替代等在今天仍有指导意义。

12. 由于词汇使用频率不对应,翻译是时不能拘泥与字面的对应,而应该以整体意义为重,灵活变通。

13.汉语句子属于语义型或意合型(parataxis),依仗意义,即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段,“以意统形”,英语句子属于(hypotaxis)语法型或形合型,依仗形式(包括词“集”(词组乃至语篇)的语言组织手段。

14.鲁迅提出了翻译要“宁信而不顺”,而钱钟书则提出翻译要做到“神似”。

《英语翻译基础》句子翻译复习整理

《英语翻译基础》句子翻译复习整理

最新电大《英语翻译基础》翻译句子复习整理英译汉A big reward will make the brave come forward重赏之下,必有勇夫。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

A little forethought would have saved you much trouble afterwards你如果事先略作盘算,后来也不至于有那么多的麻烦了。

A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。

A new kind of aircraft—small,cheap,pilotless—is attracting increasing attention。

一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大,价钱便宜,无人驾驶。

A red sun rose slowly from the calm lake。

一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。

A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river。

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇合到江里去了。

A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard.一个刚刚学步的小宝宝突然摇摇晃晃地走进院子After all preparations were made ,the planes were flown across he U.S to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。

All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马。

All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

大学终极版英语复习资料

大学终极版英语复习资料

Unit 1-6 课后翻译汉译英英译汉1. 你愿意把你的经验和组里的其他人分享吗?:Would you like to share your experience with the rest of the group?2. 你父亲如果还健在的话,他会为你骄傲的:If your father were still alive, he would be very proud of you.3. 她开车转弯上了自家的车道不料发现路已被堵塞:She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.4. 他没有告诉任何人就走了,因为他不想卷入那件事。

He went away without telling anyone, because he didn’t want to get involved in that matter.5. 最终,产品的成功还是取决于高明的销售手段:Ultimately, the success of the product depends on good marketing. 1. 我们急匆匆地赶到火车站,结果发现火车刚刚开走。

We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.2. 你和你哥哥都不是细心的人,你们两个都不能做这件需要细心和技巧的工作。

(no more than)Answer:You are no more careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.3. 多一个人参会对会议安排不会有什么影响。

(make a difference)Answer:One more person wouldn’t make any difference to the meeting arrangements.4. 他一直工作到昨天深夜,或者更确切地说,是到今天凌晨。

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In the past , many people were worried that the internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. 2007 过去,许多人担心,因特网把我们和他 人隔绝开来,使我们把太多的时间花在 电脑的虚拟世界里。
1. 前置

把较短的定语从句译成带“的 ”的前置定语。例如:


If inflation gets any worse, people who have worked all their lives will end up with nothing. 2003 如果通货膨胀持续恶化,工作了一 辈子的人们到头来将会一无所有。
英汉翻译考试中常见考点
定语从句的翻译
定语从句结构

主句……+ 先行词 + (介词) + 关系代词 + 从句……。 主句……+ 先行词 +关系副 词+ 从句……。

关系代词
作主语
指人 Who
作宾语
所有格
That*
指物 which That*
Whom/who whose (可省略) That* (可省略) Which Whose/of which (可省略) That* (可省略)
2.后置

把结构复杂且较长的定语从 句后置,译成并列分句。同 时可以根据需要重复或者省 略先行词。例如:
Here are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as men.2006 有许多女秘书能够像男人一 样做好这项工作。(省略先 行词)
具有否定含义的形容词短语:






alien to(不同), absent from(不在) blind to(看不见) different from(不同) dead to(对…没有反应), deficient(缺乏), devoid of(不具有,缺乏), far from(远不,一点也不) foreign to(不适合,与…无关),



但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引 导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻 译。 I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(it没 有翻译)


表语从句:英语中的表语从句放在连系 动词后面,充当表语成分,一般可以按 照英语原文顺序直接翻译。 同位语从句: 同位语从句主要是用来对 名词作进一步的解释,说明名词的具体 内容。一般来说,同位语从句可以直接 翻译在主句后面。
名词性从句的翻译:


英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。 翻译的时候,大多数可以按照原文的句 子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但是, 有时候,可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活 处理。

主语从句的翻译


What many people don’t realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you free from an unwanted mood. 2008 但是,许多人并没有意识到的是科学家 们已经发现一些非药物的方法对于摆脱 不良情绪非常有效。
具有否定意义的介词或者介词短 语


above(不低于) against(不同意) at a loss(不知所措) below(不到…), but(除…之外) beyond(超出) but for(要不是) from(阻止,使…不做某事)






instead of(而不是), in vain(无效,没有), in the dark(一点也不知道) in the dark about(对…不知), out of(不在…里面,不在…状态), out of the question(不可能) past(超过)without(没有) under(在…之下,不足) within(不超出)


One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. 2006 菜园不应该种的太大,使人 无法照料。


Another character among the list of ill-mannered employees is Sally, who seems to regard just being at work as a severe punishment. 2008

The book is anything but a success.
other than;rather than 结构

而不是;


Job seekers must learn how to use the Internet as a tool,rather than just relying on it as a means for submitting electronic resumes. 2006 求职者得学会如何把因特网作为工 具使用,而不是仅仅靠它来提交电 子简历。

more than 还有“超过,不仅,不止于 此,不止是”之意。此时,more than 不表示具体比较的意思;than 后可接名 词、动词、或其它词及短语,在句中作 定语或状语。如:

He is more than a teacher. He is also a musican.

anything but…结构:anything but…结构 表示否定意义,常常翻译为“绝对不, 根本不,一点也不”。

因此,在一些发达国家中当鲜黄色 的消防车和救护车疾驰而过时,所 有车辆就会完全停止。(结果)


There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relatives. 2007 似乎总没有足够时间去作礼拜,这 使得一些朋友亲戚感到不安。


With population growth in an evershortening cycle, it is rather doubtful whether the earth can provide enough food for mankind. 2002 随着人口增长的周期日益缩短,地 球是否能够为人类提供足够的食物 变得疑问重重。



首先用代词it代表That he enjoyed the food very much 得到:it appeared to me 然后将That he enjoyed the food very much放在句末 得到:It appeared to me that that he enjoyed the food very much.
用it 作形式宾语的句子



在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一 般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以 不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午 十时前交卷。(it没有翻译)
否定结构的翻译
形式肯定但意义否定:

英语中有些句子虽然以肯定形式出现, 但表达的却是否定的意义。翻译时要按 其隐含的否定意义译成汉语中的否定句 。
more than... (can)…的结构


more than can…这个结构本身是英语的 肯定结构,因为英语中没有任何否定词 出现。但是这个结构具有肯定意义,所 以需要翻译为汉语的否定句。more than can…在意义上相当于英语的can not…, 可以翻译为“简直不,无法,难以”; I love you more than i can say!Leabharlann 用it作形式主语的主语从句

可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前 面去翻译。
链接:形式主语



that引导的主语从句如果较长,常用代词 it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于 句尾,以保持句式的平衡。 That he enjoyed the food very much appeared to me. (主语太长,头重脚轻) It appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic dead. 2005


Rush: v. 跑(匆忙地) Rush hours;


Ill: adj. 生病的;(表语) I am ill; an ill boy; (X) 邪恶的;(定语) Ill-:否定;

表现差的员工的另一种典型是像塞莉一 样的员工,她将上班看作对她的一种严 厉惩罚。(重复先行词)
3. 融合
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