British & Am Survey exercise(1)
英国文化（中英对照）
CHAPTER 5 BRITISH CULTUREI . IntroductionThe people of Great Britain include the English, Irish, Scots and Welsh. After Southern Ireland became an independent republic in 1948, the United Kingdom included Northern Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. There are many differences among the ways these people live, depending on their geographic location and national traits. However, this introduction to contemporary middle-class culture will focus on the similarities shared by the British people.第五章英国文化一、导言大不列颠民族包括英格兰人，爱尔兰人，苏格兰人和威尔士人。
1948年，南爱尔兰成为一个独立的爱尔兰共和国后，英国只包括北爱尔兰，英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士四个部分。
这些地方的人们生活方式存在许多差异，这些差异取决于其所处的地理位置和民族特性。
不过，本章着重介绍的是当代英国中产阶级在文化方面的相似之处。
II. The British People—General T raitsBy the end of the 20th century nearly 59, 000, 000 people lived in the United Kingdom. Generally, they tend to be a very reserved people. Since they are not immediately friendly and open with strangers, they seem to be difficult to get to know. They are not the kind of people to embrace friends with open arms and are offended by body contact, such as kissing and hugging, when meeting others. At an early age, children are taught to control their feelings and keep a "stiff upper lip". Although this behavior is often perceived to be aloof, it is just a national trait.二、不列颠民族——总体特征到20世纪末，英国有将近五千九百万人。
英语国家概况BritishChapter5Edu
Stanford University
A top ranked research university in the United States, known for its strength in engineering, computer science, and the sciences
Education Reform and Development Trends
• Interdisciplinary approach: There is a growing recognition of the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to education, with schools and universities sourcing students to study a broad range of subjects to develop a more theoretical understanding of the world
The UK is popular for its royal family and has a royal palace, Buckingham Palace, which is a symbol of the country's history and culture
The UK is also known for its museums, galleries, and teachers, such as the British Museum, the National Gallery, and the Royal Shakespeare Company
• Higher Education: Competitions of universities and colleges offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as professional qualifications
英国概况 Britain(英文)
BritainChapter OneGeography. People and LanguageNew Words & Phrases.temperate 温带、和的precipitation 降雨量latitude 纬度immigrant 移民colony 殖民地diverse 多样化的Germanic 日尔曼语系的evolve 演变，发展Vikings 北欧海盗codify 编簨,系统化undocumented 无文件记载的subsequently 随后的barbarian 野蛮人division 部分，分界线husbandary 饲养业missionary 传教士monastery 修道院I.Geography1.full name: the United Kindom of Great Britain and Northen Lreland.2.Location: the U.K locates to the northwest of mainland Europe,an island countrysurrounded by sea,It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean.3.Area: 242.910 square kilometersposition: British Isles5.Political division: England, Scotland, Wales, Northen Island6.Mountain: Ben Nevis (本尼维斯)，1st 1343m7.River: Seven River (塞文河)，1st ,338km (in Wales)Thames River(in England), 2nd ,336kmke: Lough Neagh(内湖)，1st ,338km(in Northern Ireland)9.climate:a maritime climateplentiful preciperationfoggy,rainy, instablility10:Major Cities:1st :London,capital2nd :Birmingham(伯明翰)3rd :Leeds(利兹)II.People1.Race:the English 81.5%The Scottish 9.6%The Irish 1.9%The North Irish 7%2.Population: 60 million (a 2005 estimate)3.Religion: Christianitynguage: English is a member of the Indo-European family of language. It is in the Germanic group of this family.1.PeriodsOld English(5th -1150)The Angles,Saxons and Jutes drove the Celtic-speaking people out of what is now England into Scotland,Wales, and the Ireland in the 5th and 6th century, they used the language of northeastern regien of the Netherland—that is now called Old English.Middle English(1150-1550)In 1066, William, the Conqueror invaded and conquered England, they used French as the official language,so many French words came into English vocabulary. English day by day evolved into what is now referred to as Middle English.Modern English(1550-now)In 1467, The printing press was introduced by William Caxton,who brought standardization to English, the dialect of London became the standard. Spelling and grammar became fixed.2.Standard EnglishIt is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.It is used as much in printed material and is normally taught in schools and to non –native speakers learning language. It is called Queen’s English or BBC English. At present, nearly a quarter of the world’s population use English. It has became a universal linguia francaChapter Two HistoryNew words and Phrasespious 虔诚的coronation 加冕feudalism 封建制度charter 宪章constitution 宪法provision 条款parliament 议会monarchy 君主制度Puritan 清教徒dominion 领土，统治权retake 收回originate 发源maritime 海上的，靠海的norm 准则dialect 方言，地方话Christianity 基督教the British Isles 不列颠群岛Guildhall 市政厅St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Indo-European family of language 印欧语系Northen Ireland 北爱尔兰I.The Origin of the Nation (55BC-1066AC)国家的起源史前史：巨石阵：In 2500BC，TheBeaker folk(比克人) invaded the British islands,they built the Stonshenge in 1800BC-1400BC。
British_History 1 英语国家概况 英国历史相关
Stonehenge
It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each
• In the ninth century they conquered and settled the extreme north and west of Scotland, and also some coastal regions of Ireland.
• Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. This resulted in an agreement in 878 which divided England between Wessex in the south and west, and the “Danelaw” in the north and east.
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (七国时代)
• The seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy, having occupied the lowland zones. – Jutes invasion: In 449, the Jutish chief became the king of Kent; – Anglo-Saxon Conquest: • Saxon : Essex, Sussex, Wessex; • Angles: East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ;
Britain 英国 british 英国的
Absurd 不合理的荒唐的have access to =gain access to 可以获得可以接近accessible 可以得到的易接近的accident 事故意外的事account 账目描述解释说明account for说明什么什么原因on no account 绝不on account of 由于因为take something into account 考虑accuse 指责控告abuse 滥用妄用虐待凌辱名词滥用辱骂acknowledge 承认表示感谢acquisition 获得习得获得物acquaintance 认识了解熟人act as 把什么什么当做act for代理act on按照什么什么行动对什么什么起作用adapt 使适合适应改编改造addition 增加添加物算术中的加address 名词地址通讯处演说讲话动词在信封或包裹上写上姓名地址向什么什么作正式演讲address oneself to 致力于adequate 充分的足够的administration 经营管理政府管理部门admire 令人钦佩的值得赞赏的admire somebody for something 因某事钦佩某人admission 准入接纳admit 承认接受准许入学入会入场admit doing 承认做了某事admit somebody to 或into 允许某人进入adopt 采取采用收养领养批准认可advance 前进推进促进提前名词进步进展affect 影响 a piece of advice 一条建议accept follow take one’s advice 接受某人的建议give advice on 就什么什么提出意见advocate 拥护提倡拥护者支持者Africa 非洲against 反对违背逆依靠go against 违背turn against 背叛with age 因年老agent 代理人经济人agency 代理处政府等的专业行政部门agenda 议事日程aggressive 侵略的好斗的有进取心的arrive at an agreement =come to an agreement =reach an agreement 达成协议agriculture 农业农学ahead 在前向前领先go ahead 走在前面领先airline 航空公司Alarm 警报闹钟惊慌动词恐吓警告album 粘贴簿相册唱片all through 一直始终Allergic 过敏的神经过敏的be allergic to 对什么什么过敏allocate 分配分派allowance 津贴补贴折扣alone 独自的along 向前和什么什么一起一同介词沿着顺着alongside 沿什么什么一侧和什么什么一起alternative 名词选择二选一替代物all along始终一直have no alternative but to do 除做什么什么之外别无选择altogether 总共全然的Amateur 业余的业余爱好者amaze 使惊奇使震惊amount 数量总计ambiguous 魔模棱两可的引发歧义的ample 充分的宽大的宽敞的analyse 分析analysis 分析and then 然后其次Antarctic 南极的arctic 北极的the Antarctic 南极antique 古董anxious 忧虑的着急的be anxious to do 着急渴望做某事anxiety 担心焦虑渴望apart 相距相隔分开分离apart from 从什么什么中离开处什么什么之外tell apart 区分识别apologizeTo somebody for something 因某事向某人道歉=make an apology to somebody for somethingApparent 显然的明显的外观的外表appeal to somebody to do something 恳求某人做某事Make one’s appearance 出现露面appetite 食欲胃口欲望applaud 喝彩欢呼鼓掌applicate 申请人志愿者application 申请申请书application form 申请表apply 申请适用应用运用apply to 把什么什么应用于appointment 约会approach 接近靠近名词接近途径方式方法appropriate 适当的恰如其分的be appropriate to 对什么什么很合适Approve 批准赞成approval 批准赞成arch 拱形拱门architect 建筑师设计师architecture 建筑学建筑术have 或cover an area of 占地面积arithmetic 算术arm 胳膊支架武器武力动词武装起来be armed to teeth 武装到牙齿take somebody by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊around 在周围在附近介词大约在什么什么周围have been around 有见识有阅历arrange 安排布置arrange for somebody to do 安排某人做某事arrow 箭箭头箭状物article 文章东西物品冠词artist 艺术家美术家画家能手be ashamed of doing something 因做了某事而感到羞愧feel ashamed for somebody 替某人感到羞愧assist somebody with something 帮助某人做某事associate 是联系结交交往名词合作人同事associate with 与什么什么交往association 协会团体联合联系交往astonish 使惊讶Be astonished at something对某事大吃一惊athletic 运动的体育的atom 原子微粒make an attack on攻击under attack 遭受攻击attain 努力达成完成获得到达authentic 真实的真迹的原作的可信的authority 权威职权当局官方有权威的人automatic 自动的无意识的autonomous 自治的有自治权的available 可利用的可得到的有空的average 平均的普遍的平均数avoid doing 避免做awake 唤醒醒着的award 名词奖奖金动词授予判be away from 远离awesome 使人敬畏的可怕的awful 令人不愉快的可怕的awkward 笨拙的使用不便的尴尬的难堪的in the back of 在什么什么内的后面go from bad to worse 每况愈下bake 烤烘面包barbershop 理发店barber 为男人理发的理发师bare 赤裸的光秃的空的没有的动词露出暴露basic 基本的基础的basis 基础根据On the basis of以什么什么为基础bat 棒球的球棒蝙蝠bath 洗澡浴室澡盆beach 海滨海滩bean 豆科植物bean curd 豆腐beast 野兽牲畜beat 敲打打败跳动名词节拍Bedding 寝具铺盖begin with 以什么什么为开始behave 举止表现being 生存存在生物bell 钟铃钟声铃声give somebody a ball 给某人打电话belly 肚子belt 皮带腰带地带safety belt 安全带bench 长凳工作台benefit 利益好处beneficial 有益的有利的For one’s benefit 为了某人的利益beside 介词在什么什么旁边靠近besides 除什么之外还有all the best 万事如意at best 充其量至多no better than 和什么什么一样by bicycle =Ride a bicycle 骑自行车bill 账单钞票纸币biography 个人经历传记biology 生物学Biochemistry 生物化学kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟bite 咬叮咬一口咬伤Bitter 有苦味的痛苦的难过的black sheep 害群之马bless 保佑降幅blind瞎的对什么什么视而不见的block 大块木块石块街区路障动词阻塞阻挡blood 血血液blow 名词击打击动词吹吹奏爆炸blow away 吹走give somebody a blow 给某人打击board of honour 光荣榜in the same boat 共患难boil 沸腾烧煮bone 骨头骨质骨骼骨骸botany 植物学botanical 植物学的bounce 使弹起使弹跳名词弹跳反弹bound被束缚的被绑的有义务的boundary 分界线边界boycott 联合抵制拒绝参与use one’sBrian=use one’s head 动脑筋make one’s bread 谋生break 打破打断打碎损坏撕开违反名词间隙休息break away from 摆脱脱离break down 毁掉机器等出现故障分解Break in 非法闯入插嘴打断break into 破门而入break off 打断暂停break out 战争、疾病、火灾等突然爆发break through 冲破突破break up 分裂breast 胸部乳（ru）房breath气息呼吸catch one’s breath 喘息breathe 呼吸brief 简洁的in brief 简言之bring about引起产生bring in 引起吸收bring 显示使明显bring up 抚养呕吐Britain 英国british 英国的，英国人的broad 宽的宽大的broadcast 广播brunch 早午餐brush V 刷擦n刷子画笔bunch 束串群伙burden n重担负担v加重压于使负重burn v燃烧着火是烧伤晒黑n烧伤烫伤burn down 把什么什么烧成平地蜡烛等逐渐烧完burn out烧尽烧光burst v突然发生突然发作n爆炸喷出裂burst into 突然闯入burst forth 突然出现butcher n 肉店屠夫v 屠杀动物残杀人have butterflies in one’s stomach 忐忑不安cafeteria 自助餐厅call on somebody 拜访某人call at someplace 拜访某地call for 提倡号召call up 号召打电话回忆起calm down 镇定下来平静下来keep calm 保持冷静campaign 战役商业或政治性的活动canal 运河水道candidate 候选人投考者camel 骆驼camp 野营营地go camping 进行野营summer camp 夏令营cap 帽子瓶子的盖笔套capsule 胶囊太空舱caption 文章标题电影字幕credit card 信用卡ID card 身份证carpet地毯carrier 搬运者媒介置物架货架carry on 继续下去carry out开展执行cart 两轮或四轮马车超市中的手推车carve 刻雕刻case 箱子盒子情况病例事例案件castle 城堡casual 偶然的非正式的不经意的catalogue 目录catch 接住捉住明白理解染上疾病发现吸引注意be caught in 突然遇上风雨等catch fire 着火catch hold of抓住catch up with 赶上category 种类类别范畴cater 承办酒席提供餐饮服务迎合满足要求cater for 为什么什么提供服务cater to 迎合投合cause n原因起因理由缘故v 促使引起使发生cause and effect因果关系caution somebody against doing something 告诫某人不要做某事be cautious of 小心ceiling 天花板顶棚in celebration of 为庆祝cell 监狱的单人牢房单人小室小蜂窝蜂房生物细胞电池centigrade 摄氏的central 中心的中央的主要的centre 中心中央be certain of =be certain about 对什么什么有把握be certain to do 一定会做certificate 证明证明书chain 链链条一系列chalk 粉笔by any chance 万一也许by chance 偶然的chance to do 碰巧take one’s chance 碰运气channel 频道通道水渠chaos 混乱chapter 章回篇character 汉字品格特征小说戏剧中的人物characteristic 特有的典型的特征特点charge 要求收费索价将电池充电指控控告N费用价钱负责掌管控告指控be charged of 管理in the charge of 由什么什么管理take charge of 掌管chart 图表航海图check n检查核对支票v校对核对检查check in 在机场旅馆等登记报告check out 结账离开check up 核对检验cheek 面颊脸蛋chef 厨师主厨chemist 药剂师化学家chemical 化学的化学品chemistry 化学chess 棋chest 箱子盒子胸部chief 主要的首要的领导头 a chief engineer 总工程师chimney 烟筒can’t choose but do 只好做Christian 基督教徒基督教的cigarette 纸烟香烟circuit 环形环形道电路circulate 使循环使流通使流传散步circumstance 情况境遇civil 国内的平民的民用的civilian 平民平民的civilization文明文化开化claim 动词声称断言对什么什么提出要求索取名词声称断言要求认领索赔clarify 澄清阐明classic 名著一流的优秀的传统的古典的classify 把什么什么分类分等级clay 粘土泥土clerk 职员办事员click 点击climb 名词和名词爬攀登clinic 诊所close 亲密的近靠近关闭结束be close to 在什么什么附近cloth 布桌布cloud 云云状物阴影coach 马车长途车coast 海滨海鲜coat 外套涂层表皮皮毛cocoa 可可粉coincidence 巧合巧事coke 可卡因可口可乐collar 衣领硬领colleague 同事comb 梳子梳理combine 联合结合come about 发生产生come across 偶然遇见come back 回来想起来come from 出生于来自come in 进入进来come off 从什么什么离开脱落come out 出来出版发行come to 总计达到come up 上来上升抬头come up with 追上赶上想出注意找出答案comedy 戏剧comefort 安慰使舒适comment 评论commercial 商业的商务的商品化的商业性的商业广告commit 犯错误干蠢事坏事committee 责任献身承诺许诺保证committee 委员会全体委员common 普通的一般的共有的have in common 与什么有共同之处communicate 动词交际传达communicate something to somebody 把什么什么传达给communicate with somebody 与某人通信交流communism 共产主义communist 共产主义形容词共产党的共产主义的companion 同伴同事compare 比作比较相比匹敌company 交往陪伴朋友公司商号compass 圆规罗盘compensate 补偿弥补competence 能力胜任称职complex 难懂的复杂的综合体component 组成部分部件元件comprehension 理解理解力compromise 妥协危及放弃折中办法make a compromise with 与什么什么妥协compulsory 义务的强制的必修的comrade 同志concept 概念观念思想concert 音乐会演奏会conclude 完成结束推断断定draw a conclusion 得出结论concrete 混凝土具体的实在的condemn 谴责职责宣告有罪判刑condition 条件状况on condition that 条件是out of condition 健康状况不佳conduct 引导带领指导传导conductor 管理人指导者售票员列车员乐队指挥confidential 秘密的机密的亲信的conflict 争论冲突战斗斗争come into conflict with 与什么什么冲突战斗confuse 使困惑混乱搞乱conscience 良心consensus 一致同意consequence 结果后果conservation 自然资源的保存保护管理conservative 保守的守旧的保守主义谨慎的保守的人consider 考虑认为觉得be consistent with 与什么什么一致constant 经常的不断的constitution 宪法章程体质construct 构筑建造建设under construction 在建设中consultant 商业法律等方面的顾问顾问医师会诊医师consume 消耗花费吃完喝光充满毁灭烧毁content 甘愿的满意的使满意使满足be content to do 愿意做be content with 满足于content 内容主旨容量continent 大洲大陆陆地contradiction 驳斥与什么什么矛盾contradictionary 相互矛盾的on the contrary 正相反contribute 贡献捐献投稿有助于convenient 便利的方便的convenience 便利的事物方便controversial 引起争论的有争议的conventional 习惯的常规的普通的conversation 谈话交谈have或hold a conversation with 和什么什么谈话convey 运输运送传送传达convince 是确信使信服around或round the corner 在拐角处即将来临correct 改正纠正正确的对的恰当的corporation 公司企业社团cooperation 合作协作correction 改正纠正correspond 一致相同与什么什么相当与人通信有书信来往correspond to 相当于correspond with 与什么什么通信相符合corrupt 不道德的坠落的不诚实的使某人或某物坠落腐化at the cost of 以什么什么为代价at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何cotton 棉花棉花的count 数点数很重要count down 发射火箭时的倒计时count on 指望count up 把什么什么加起来counter柜台结账处country 国家农村乡下countryside 乡下农村in couples 成双成对courage 勇气胆略course 过程经过课程court 法庭法院球场宫廷courtyard 庭院院子cousin 堂兄弟表兄弟堂姐妹表姐妹crash 碰撞倒下坠落发出撞击声cream 奶油create 创造造成塑造creature 生物动物credit 信用信誉crime 罪冒犯crop 庄稼收成criminal 罪犯cross 十字型的东西与什么什么交叉crossing 十字路口人行横道crossroads 交叉路口crowd 名词人群动词拥挤群聚be crowded with 挤满了cruel 残忍的残酷的无情的cube 立方体curious 好奇的奇异的be curious about 对某事感到好奇curriculum课程全部课程curtain 窗帘cushion 名词垫子动词缓冲减轻custom 海关关税cut down 砍倒cut in 打断插嘴cut off 切断Cut out 切去cut up 切碎cyclist 骑自行车的人damp 潮湿的潮气湿气dash 猛冲飞奔猛撞from dawn till dusk 从早到晚daylight 日光白昼dead 死的无生命的deal 量数额交易处理应付make a deal 达成协议debate 辩论争论动词辩论争论debate on something 讨论某事debate about something 讨论某事debt 债务欠款in debt 欠债out of debt 还清负债decade 十年decline 下降减少衰退婉拒谢绝degree 程度度数学位by degree 逐渐的to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是delicate 纤细的娇弱的易碎的棘手的精美的雅致的deliberately 故意的demand something from somebody 向某人要某物department 部门机关的私处大学的系Depend 依靠依赖deposit 存放寄存储蓄放上矿床存款押金Depth 深深度in depth 深入的彻底的in the depth of 在什么什么的深处description 描述描写desert 沙漠desert 舍弃遗弃deserve 应受值得desperate 绝望的危及的不顾一切的dessert 甜点distinction 目的地终点devote 把什么什么奉献把什么什么专用于、be devoted to 致力于献身于奉献奉献精神diagram 图表图样dial 拨电话号码dialogue 对话diamond 钻石金刚石纸牌中的方块diary 日记日记薄dictation 口述听写die away 声音光等消逝die out 逐渐消失绝种dig 挖掘dig at 钻研苦学dig out挖掘出发现digest 名词摘要动词消化理解领会dignity 庄严端庄尊贵高贵stand on one’s dignity 维持尊严dilemma 进退两难的窘境困境dimension 尺寸长宽高dine 吃饭尤其指正式的进餐dining 餐厅dinosaur 恐龙dioxide 二氧化碳diploma 毕业文凭学位证书direct 直接的直达的直截了当的动词指挥指导direction 方向方位指示说明in the direction of 朝某方向under the direction of 在什么什么的指导下director 指导者懂事导演乐队动词打消做什么什么的念头discover 发现discovery 发现discrimination 歧视discuss 讨论discuss something with somebody 与某人讨论某事disease 病疾病disgusting 使人讨厌的令人作呕的dish 盘碟盘形物disk 磁盘dismiss 打发走遣散解雇at a distance of 隔着什么什么的距离keep somebody at a distance 对某人冷淡distinction差别不同优秀卓越荣誉名声distinguish 区别辨别distribute 分发分送分配district 区地区区域dive 潜水跳水diverse 多种多样的不同的相异的divide 分开划分数学中的除divorce 名词离婚离异动词离婚dizzy 头晕目眩的document 文件文献doll 玩偶玩具donate 捐赠赠与dormitory 学生宿舍dot 点小点圆点动词加点布满doubt 怀疑疑惑downstairs 楼下的副词在楼下到楼下draft 名词草图草稿草案征兵服役动词起草草拟征募draw 绘画绘制draw a conclusion 得出结论drawback 缺点不利条件drawing 图画素描绘画dress 女服连衣裙服装动词穿衣be dressed in 穿着什么什么衣服dress up 精心打扮装饰drill 名词钻头反复的训练动词钻孔重复训练drink to 为什么什么干杯drive away 赶走驱逐drive off 驱散drown 使溺死使淹死drum 鼓drunk 醉的dry up 使干涸使枯竭due 预期的约定的应给的应付的dull 阴暗的单调无味的头脑迟钝的dusk 黄昏dust 灰尘尘土dusty 尘土班的尘土多的dynamic 有活力的强有力的动力的动态的dynasty 王朝朝代be eager for something 渴望得到be all ears 全神贯注地听Ecology 生态生态学edge 边缘effect 效果作用come into effect 开始生效have an effect on 对什么什么有效eggplant 茄子Egypt 埃及Egyptian 埃及的埃及人的埃及人elephant 象elegant 文雅的优美的electric 电的electrical 电的电气的electricity 电电流electronic 电子的or else 否则embarrass 使窘迫使尴尬embassy 大使馆emergency 紧急情况employ 雇佣使用运用be employed in 从事于be employed to do 被雇佣来做某事empty 空的动词使变空be empty of 缺乏bring something to an end 使某事结合起来ending 结局结尾最后enemy 敌人敌军energy精力能量energetic 精力旺盛的engine 发动机引擎engineer 工程师enquire 询问打听enter for 加入参加enterprise 进取心事业心艰巨的事业计划单位公司entertainment 娱乐enthusiastic 热情的热心的Be enthusiastic about 热衷于entire 整个的全部的entrance 入口进入入场at the entrance to 在什么什么的入口处entry 进入条目词条envelope 信封envy 动词或名词嫉妒羡慕equal 平等的相等的事物地位相同的人动词等于be equal to 与什么什么相等Equality 平等eraser 橡皮erupt 战争危机问题等突然爆发突然发生火山喷发escape 逃避逃脱essay 散文文章Europe 欧洲European 欧洲的欧洲人的欧洲人evaluate 评估评价in the evening 在晚上ever since 自那时期一直到现在for ever 永远evidence 显著根据证据迹象evident 明白的明显的evolution 进化演化发展examine 考试测试检查侦查excellent 极好的优秀的be excellent in 在某方面极好excite 使兴奋使激动excuse 借口辩解动词原谅宽恕excuse somebody for doing 原谅某人做某事excuse somebody from doing something 使某人免除允许某人不做make an excuse for 为什么什么辩护为什么什么找借口Exercise 锻炼练习习题v锻炼exhibition展览展览会exist存在生存existence存在生存生活方式exit出口太平门expand 扩张扩大expect something of somebody 对什么什么的期望要求expense 花费价钱开支experiment 实验v进行实验explain 解释说明Explanation 解释说明explicit明确的不隐瞒的explode 使爆炸Exploit 剥削利用开发开采explore 探索研究export 输出品出口物expose 使面临暴漏显露揭发express 表达表示express Oneself 表达自己的意见expression 表达词句词组表情extension 延长部分扩大部分extraordinary 不平常的特别的extremely 及其特别fair 公平的合理的集市展览会义卖会Have faith in相信lose faith in不再信任familiar 熟悉的fan 迷风扇Fancy 幻想的新潮的奇特的n空想想象v想象爱好fantastic口语极好的美妙的奇异的古怪的fantasy 幻想梦想fare 费用价钱fasten 扎牢扣住find fault in看出什么什么的缺点find fault With 对什么什么不满挑剔fear害怕恐惧担忧feast 盛宴筵席February 二月bee fed up with感到厌烦feeling感觉触觉知觉心情感情fellow同伴伙伴同伴的同事的ferry 渡船渡口Fetch去去某物来去带某人来fibre 纤维fiction小说的总称Fierce猛烈的激烈的凶猛的figure 认为判断描绘想象计算n数字图形人物雕塑file 档案文档文件夹v登记在案归档fill装满充满be filled with 充满了fill something with something 用某物把某物充满film 电影胶卷v拍摄拍电影Final 最后的最终的n决赛期末考试finance财政金融资金财务情况fine v罚款晴朗的美好的身体健康的fire 火火炉火灾V开火射击口语解雇be on fire 着火的充满热情的catch fire 着火fire out 向什么什么开火firefighter 消防人员firm 公司企业建固的鉴定的fisherman 渔民钓鱼健身者fish in trouble waters浑水摸鱼趁火打劫fit健康的适合的n适合合身v使适合fix修理安装确定决定fix on/upon 确定决定fix one’s eyes on盯着什么什么看flag 旗标志flame光辉火焰flashlight 手电筒Flat平的一套房间公寓了、flee逃走逃跑flesh 肉flexible易变曲的柔韧的可变通的灵活的float漂浮飘动飘飘扬Flood n洪水、水灾v淹没、使泛滥fioor 地板、面板楼道的层flour 面粉flow v/n 流动flower 花、开花fluent 流利的、流畅的fluency 流利、流畅fly 飞、旗子飘动、苍蝇fly to one place飞往目的focus 焦点、焦距、中心v对准，集中于Fold 折叠、合拢n折follow 跟随、仿效、遵循规则fond 喜欢的喜爱的foolish 愚蠢的、傻的foot 足脚——的底部Stand on one’s foot自食其力forbid禁止、不许force力、力量、武力暴力约束力v强迫、迫使come into force 生效forbid sb into doing/to do sth 强迫某人做某事put something into force使—实施foreign外国的foreigner 外国人forget忘记forgive原谅、宽恕fill in/outA form 填写表格in form 在形式上in the form of 以—的形式Format n格式、样式v编排fortunate 幸运的、侥幸的be fortunate In 在某方面感到荣幸foster 照管、抚育、促进、培养、助长Fountain 喷泉、泉水般喷出franc 法郎fragile易碎的脆弱的fragrant 香的freeze结冰冻住愣住frequent 频繁的经常的fresh新鲜的淡的清新的fresh water 淡水friction 摩擦（力）抵触不和frighten 使惊恐使害怕frog青蛙front前线的前面的前面前部前线Frontier边疆边界前沿新领域frost雾严寒冰冻fry油煎油炸Fuel燃料function 功能作用只能v工作运行起作用fur 皮毛软毛furniture家具（总称）furnished 配备了家具的fundamental基本的根本的基础的n 基本原则基本法则funeral葬礼funny有趣的gallery画廊美术品陈列室garage汽车间修车厂garbage垃圾garden花园果园裁员garment（一件）衣服gas气体煤气汽油gay快乐的愉快的general普通的大众的大体的笼统的n将军generation代一代from generation to generation代代相传一代代generous 慷慨的大方的宽厚的be generous with Something在某事上大方gentle温柔的轻轻的geography 地理学Gesture姿势手势姿态get along with与—相处get away from逃离get down下降get down 头开始认真做某事get in进入收获达到get off脱下衣服下车get on 上车get on with somebody与—相处get over克服苦难从疾病中回复过来give away分发赠送泄露give back归还送回give in屈服让步give out分发耗尽传播发表glad高兴地乐意的glare 瞪眼怒目而视glare at向人瞪眼怒目而视globe地球仪地球glue胶水go away走开离去go by 走过经过go in for 参加喜欢go on with 继续goOut 出去熄灭go over仔细检查复习go up上升增长goat山羊gold 黄金金色的黄金的goods 商品货物govern 统治管理government 政府gradual逐渐的逐步的grain谷物谷类谷粒gram克grand宏伟的壮丽的graph 图表航海图grasp抓住抱住掌握gravity严肃认真重要性重力Greece希腊Greedy希腊Greek希腊的希腊人的希腊语的n希腊人希腊语Greet问候向—致敬grey灰色的灰白的灰白guard看守管理员警戒哨兵guess猜猜出想n猜测guest宾客客人gun枪炮Gym体操体育馆健身房gymnastics 体操haircut 男子理发发型发式hall大厅会堂礼堂过道hammer 锤子捶打at hand 近在手边在附近by hand用手工用体力hand down流传把—传下去Hand out分发hand over移交交出in hand工作等在进行中待办理在控制中handful 一把少数少量handsome男子英俊的handy便利的顺手的hang吊着悬挂绞死吊死harmony融洽一致和谐have something on穿着head头头目首脑才智标题v率领加标题Above/over one’s head 难以理解head for向—进发lose one’s head慌乱惊慌失措keep one’s head保持镇静use one’s head 动脑heap 一堆堆起来break one’s heart使某人伤心put one’s heart into用全部精力去做heat热热烈加热使变热heaven天堂天国天空in heaven究竟到底heel脚后跟height 高度at a height of 在—的高度Headmistress 女校长help oneself to 尽管吃hero英雄勇士男主角Hesitate to do不愿做某事hibernate 冬眠hide and seek 捉迷藏hill 小山丘陵土堆hire out 出租hit打撞击中n打击攻击走红Hobby业余爱好嗜好catch hold of抓住hold拿抱握住保持举行认为主张hold back 阻碍阻止hold out伸出手坚持hold up 举起Hold down 阻止垂下hold on继续不挂断电话hold on to抓住执着于hold one’s head high趾高气扬homeland 祖国hometown家乡honour光荣荣誉v尊敬给予荣誉be honoured for 因—而受到尊敬fell honoured to do 做某事感到很荣幸in honour of支持纪念hook钩子衔接连接hope for the best抱乐观的希望in hopes of=the hope Of 怀着—的希望horrible令人恐惧的恐怖的be in hospital住院In the hospital在医院（不一定生病）hostess女主人女主持人hotel 旅馆饭店宾馆hour 小时时间on the hour准点地the rush hours交通高峰期howl 嚎叫嚎哭hug 搂拥抱n紧紧拥抱hunt寻找狩猎猎取hunter猎人hurricane飓风hurt伤害受伤n创伤疼痛adg感到痛苦的identification n认出鉴定身份证idiom 习语成语Speak /think ill of sb 对某人评价很坏illegal不合法的legal合法的Imagine 想象设想immediately立刻马上immigration移民移民局Import 进口输入impress 留下机身的印象impress on/upon 给—留下印象impress sb with给别人留下什么印象inch 英寸incident 事件小说戏剧中的插曲政治性的事件事变increase by增加了increase to 增加到be independent of脱离不依赖indicate 标示表示表明Industry工业产业under the influence of 在什么什么的影响下inform 告诉通知initial开始的最初的姓名等的首字母inn 小旅馆小饭店innocent 清白的天真的幼稚的injury伤害损害write in ink用钢笔写inspire 鼓舞激励inspect 检查检验审视instant 瞬间即刻的institute 研究所院学院institution 慈善宗教等性质的公共机构学校instruct v通知指示教导instruction 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1英国(英文)
BritainChapter OneGeography. People and LanguageNew Words & Phrases.temperate 温带、和的precipitation 降雨量latitude 纬度immigrant 移民colony 殖民地diverse 多样化的Germanic 日尔曼语系的evolve 演变，发展Vikings 北欧海盗codify 编簨,系统化undocumented 无文件记载的subsequently 随后的barbarian 野蛮人division 部分，分界线husbandary 饲养业missionary 传教士monastery 修道院I.Geography1.full name: the United Kindom of Great Britain and Northen Lreland.2.Location: the U.K locates to the northwest of mainland Europe,an island countrysurrounded by sea,It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean.3.Area: 242.910 square kilometersposition: British Isles5.Political division: England, Scotland, Wales, Northen Island6.Mountain: Ben Nevis (本尼维斯)，1st 1343m7.River: Seven River (塞文河)，1st ,338km (in Wales)Thames River(in England), 2nd ,336kmke: Lough Neagh(内湖)，1st ,338km(in Northern Ireland)9.climate:a maritime climateplentiful preciperationfoggy,rainy, instablility10:Major Cities:1st :London,capital2nd :Birmingham(伯明翰)3rd :Leeds(利兹)II.People1.Race:the English 81.5%The Scottish 9.6%The Irish 1.9%The North Irish 7%2.Population: 60 million (a 2005 estimate)3.Religion: Christianitynguage: English is a member of the Indo-European family of language. It is in the Germanic group of this family.1.PeriodsOld English(5th -1150)The Angles,Saxons and Jutes drove the Celtic-speaking people out of what is now England into Scotland,Wales, and the Ireland in the 5th and 6th century, they used the language of northeastern regien of the Netherland—that is now called Old English.Middle English(1150-1550)In 1066, William, the Conqueror invaded and conquered England, they used French as the official language,so many French words came into English vocabulary. English day by day evolved into what is now referred to as Middle English.Modern English(1550-now)In 1467, The printing press was introduced by William Caxton,who brought standardization to English, the dialect of London became the standard. Spelling and grammar became fixed.2.Standard EnglishIt is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.It is used as much in printed material and is normally taught in schools and to non –native speakers learning language. It is called Queen’s English or BBC English. At present, nearly a quarter of the world’s population use English. It has became a universal linguia francaChapter Two HistoryNew words and Phrasespious 虔诚的coronation 加冕feudalism 封建制度charter 宪章constitution 宪法provision 条款parliament 议会monarchy 君主制度Puritan 清教徒dominion 领土，统治权retake 收回originate 发源maritime 海上的，靠海的norm 准则dialect 方言，地方话Christianity 基督教the British Isles 不列颠群岛Guildhall 市政厅St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Indo-European family of language 印欧语系Northen Ireland 北爱尔兰I.The Origin of the Nation (55BC-1066AC)国家的起源史前史：巨石阵：In 2500BC，TheBeaker folk(比克人) invaded the British islands,they built the Stonshenge in 1800BC-1400BC。
英国简介中英文版
英国简介中英文版Here is an essay about the United Kingdom with over 1000 words, written in English without any additional titles or unnecessary punctuation marks.The United Kingdom is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of the European mainland. It is an island nation comprising the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller surrounding islands. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary parliamentary democracy. Its capital and largest city is London, which serves as the country's economic, political, and cultural center.The United Kingdom has a long and storied history dating back to the 5th century AD when various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were established across the region. These kingdoms were gradually united under the rule of the English monarchy, culminating in the Act of Union in 1707 which merged the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. The United Kingdom as it is known today was further solidified in 1801 with the Act of Union which incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland.The United Kingdom has played a pivotal role in global affairs for centuries. As the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, the UK was the world's first industrialized nation and went on to build the largest empire in history, covering a quarter of the global population at its peak. The UK was a leading power in the 19th and early 20th centuries and played a central role in World War I and World War II, emerging as one of the victorious Allied powers.Today, the United Kingdom remains a major global power with a highly developed economy, significant cultural influence, and permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. It is a member of numerous international organizations including the European Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the G7, the G20, NATO, and the OECD among others. The UK has a population of over 66 million people and is ethnically diverse, with significant immigrant populations from across the world.The geography of the United Kingdom is diverse and picturesque. The main island of Great Britain is predominantly hilly and mountainous, particularly in the north and west, with lowland areas in the east and southeast. Notable geographic features include the Pennines, the Lake District, Snowdonia, and the Scottish Highlands. The climate is generally temperate, with rainfall distributed throughout the year.The United Kingdom has a highly advanced and diversified economy. It is the sixth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. The service sector dominates the UK economy, accounting for around 80% of GDP. Key industries include financial services, information technology, the creative arts, tourism, and advanced manufacturing. The UK is a global leader in numerous industries including pharmaceuticals, aerospace, telecommunications, and renewable energy.The United Kingdom is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and contributions to the world in fields such as literature, art, music, theater, architecture, and science. It is home to numerous world-famous cultural institutions and landmarks including the British Museum, the National Gallery, the Royal Opera House, Buckingham Palace, and the Tower of London among many others. The UK has produced countless influential writers, artists, musicians, scientists, and public figures over the centuries.The political system of the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The UK has a unitary state with devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is the head of state, while the Prime Minister, currently Rishi Sunak, is the head of government and leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons.The United Kingdom is known for its vibrant and diverse society. It is home to people from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, with significant immigrant populations from former British colonies and other parts of the world. The UK has a robust system of civil liberties and human rights protections, and is considered one of the most socially progressive countries in the world on issues such as LGBTQ+ rights.In conclusion, the United Kingdom is a highly influential global power with a rich history, diverse culture, and advanced economy. As a member of numerous international organizations and a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the UK continues to play a central role in world affairs. Despite the challenges it has faced in recent years, the United Kingdom remains a dynamic and resilient nation that is deeply respected around the world.。
英国概况 Britain(英文)
BritainChapter OneGeography. People and LanguageNew Words & Phrases.temperate 温带、和的precipitation 降雨量latitude 纬度immigrant 移民colony 殖民地diverse 多样化的Germanic 日尔曼语系的evolve 演变，发展Vikings 北欧海盗codify 编簨,系统化undocumented 无文件记载的subsequently 随后的barbarian 野蛮人division 部分，分界线husbandary 饲养业missionary 传教士monastery 修道院I.Geography1.full name: the United Kindom of Great Britain and Northen Lreland.2.Location: the U.K locates to the northwest of mainland Europe,an island countrysurrounded by sea,It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean.3.Area: 242.910 square kilometersposition: British Isles5.Political division: England, Scotland, Wales, Northen Island6.Mountain: Ben Nevis (本尼维斯)，1st 1343m7.River: Seven River (塞文河)，1st ,338km (in Wales)Thames River(in England), 2nd ,336kmke: Lough Neagh(内湖)，1st ,338km(in Northern Ireland)9.climate:a maritime climateplentiful preciperationfoggy,rainy, instablility10:Major Cities:1st :London,capital2nd :Birmingham(伯明翰)3rd :Leeds(利兹)II.People1.Race:the English 81.5%The Scottish 9.6%The Irish 1.9%The North Irish 7%2.Population: 60 million (a 2005 estimate)3.Religion: Christianitynguage: English is a member of the Indo-European family of language. It is in the Germanic group of this family.1.PeriodsOld English(5th -1150)The Angles,Saxons and Jutes drove the Celtic-speaking people out of what is now England into Scotland,Wales, and the Ireland in the 5th and 6th century, they used the language of northeastern regien of the Netherland—that is now called Old English.Middle English(1150-1550)In 1066, William, the Conqueror invaded and conquered England, they used French as the official language,so many French words came into English vocabulary. English day by day evolved into what is now referred to as Middle English.Modern English(1550-now)In 1467, The printing press was introduced by William Caxton,who brought standardization to English, the dialect of London became the standard. Spelling and grammar became fixed.2.Standard EnglishIt is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.It is used as much in printed material and is normally taught in schools and to non –native speakers learning language. It is called Queen’s English or BBC English. At present, nearly a quarter of the world’s population use English. It has became a universal linguia francaChapter Two HistoryNew words and Phrasespious 虔诚的coronation 加冕feudalism 封建制度charter 宪章constitution 宪法provision 条款parliament 议会monarchy 君主制度Puritan 清教徒dominion 领土，统治权retake 收回originate 发源maritime 海上的，靠海的norm 准则dialect 方言，地方话Christianity 基督教the British Isles 不列颠群岛Guildhall 市政厅St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Indo-European family of language 印欧语系Northen Ireland 北爱尔兰I.The Origin of the Nation (55BC-1066AC)国家的起源史前史：巨石阵：In 2500BC，TheBeaker folk(比克人) invaded the British islands,they built the Stonshenge in 1800BC-1400BC。
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British Survey TestPart I GeographyI.Multiple Choice1.The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4._____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Deeestuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5.Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6.By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Waleswere constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017.Psysiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9.The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10.Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11.The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12.London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13.Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14.The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15.Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16.The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17.About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18.Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19.The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420.Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21.British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of thepopulation.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222.Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23.The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except_____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25.“Black Country” refers to _____.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26.The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27.The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029.The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30.The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31.The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32.The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33.The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34.About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035.The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Irelanddoes not exceed _____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036.The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37.The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38.The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39.Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40.By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain andIreland was adopted.41._____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42.The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43._____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandPart II HistoryI.Multiple Choice1.Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2.King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3.The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4.Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5.In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6.The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes whichinvaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7.The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8.The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from_____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10.Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11.Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512.In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13.In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freemanin England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14.Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15.Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16.Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317.It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18.The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19.The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20.The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21.The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23.The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in_____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424.The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625.The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26.In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27.It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28.The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29.The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____”is considered the“beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was knownas _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31.In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32.Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33.By the end of the Hundred Years’War only the port of _____ remained underEnglish rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34.In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in themiddle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35._____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation forthe labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37.In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under avery expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39.The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640.William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41.In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42.The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43._____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44.In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII wasdeclared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45.Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of thechurch.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46.In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47.The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48.England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49.The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50.From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of_____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52.At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53.The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154.In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55._____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56.The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57.Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58.The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59.The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to signthe first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60.The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61._____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62.The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64.The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66.The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867.In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68._____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69.By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70.The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71.Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reducetensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72.During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascistcountries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73.The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was thePrime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74.When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war onGermany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandIV. Answer the Following Questions1.What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?2.What do you know about the English Renaissance?Part III CultureI.Multiple Choice1.All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of_____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182.In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____”orparallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3.Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4.The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination wouldgo to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5.Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276.There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7.The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8.The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called thefour _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9.The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channelsand by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10.Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11.The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12.In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13.In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14.The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15.British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16.The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17._____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18.The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19.In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020.There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning excepton Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21.The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22.The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23.BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent publiccorporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724.The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25.The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26.The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27.Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128.The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29._____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30._____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31._____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results ofmatches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32.The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famousin the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33._____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34.Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax inthe Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35.It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36._____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37.The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038.The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39.James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40._____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41.The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42.Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43._____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44.Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45.The British Museum was founded in _____.A. 1659B. 1763C. 175346.The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47.You could find the world-famous Speaker s’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey48._____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey49._____ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace50.Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ButlerPart IV Social LifeI.Multiple Choice1.Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.A. churchB. concertC. registry office2.House prices are _____ in Britain.A. lowB. affordableC. high3.British food is _____.A. unlimitedB. abundantC. limitedD. changeable4.Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.A. eagerB. unwillingC. not eager5.The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.A. soupB. sweetC. vegetable6.The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm7.The English sense of humour is _____.A. self-madeB. self-deprecatingC. self-respect8.English people do not laugh at the following except _____.A. a misfortuneB. a failureC. a crippleD. own faults9.The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.A. disturbedB. unquestionedC. not allowedD. questionable10.Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults11.What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.A. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports12.Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining13.The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainlyon _____.A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racing14.The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing15.Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.A. Queen VictoriaB. Queen ElizabethC. Mary I16.John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17thcentury.A. ladyB. boyC. gentlemanD. young man17.During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks ofpaid holiday.A. fourB. fiveC. three18.State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.A. sixB. sevenC. five19.St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.A. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. N. I.20._____ is basically a home and family festival.A. ChristmasB. Boxing DayC. Easter Monday21.The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.A. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday22.Boxing Day is on _____.A. the first weekday after ChristmasB. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December23.The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.A. Good FridayB. Remembrance DayC. Guy Fawkes Day24.New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.A. IrishB. EnglishC. ScotsD. welsh25._____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday theresurrection.A. Easter MondayB. Good FridayC. Christmas26.The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.A. head of the House of CommonsB. British MonarchC. Prime Minister27.The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few_____ coins hidden in it.A. goldB. silverC. copper28.Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of peoplewho died in the two world wars.A. November 11thB. April 21stC. December 31st29.Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according tocontract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework30.The British people traditionally like to live in _____.A. high buildingsB. small housesC. big houses31.At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.A. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five32.Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th33.Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9th34.Christianity came into being in the _____ century.A. firstB. secondC. third35.Christianity consists of the following except _____.A. CatholicismB. Jewish ChurchC. ProtestantismD. Orthodox Eastern Church36.One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.A. the BaptistB. QuakersC. the Methodist37.The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. Puritanism38.The Church of England came into being during the _____.A. Glorious RevolutionB. Industrial RevolutionC. European ReformationII.Answer the Following Questions1.What is the best-known quality of the British?2.Can you mention several religious groups in Britain? (At least three)Part V Political SystemI.Multiple Choice1.The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2.The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3.The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as therepresentative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4.The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5.The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6.The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7.The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the_____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6358.The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are_____.A. hereditaryB. appointedC. elected9.The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.A. thirtyB. fortyC. forty-five10.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown12.The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when _____ was on thethrone.A. Henry VB. Henry VIC. Charles I13.Not until _____ could the cabinet have a legal basis.A. 1937B. 1714C. 186814.The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.。