grammar——动词ing形式作主、宾语
unit2 grammar动名词做主语和宾语
• 我们不知道要去哪儿。 我们不知道要去哪儿。 • There was no knowing where we would go. • 做这件傻事毫无意义。 做这件傻事毫无意义。 • There is no point doing such a silly thing.
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：
1．作主语
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置 上。
作主语
1)吸烟会致癌。 吸烟会致癌。 吸烟会致癌 Smoking may cause cancer. 2)说比做容易。 说比做容易。 说比做容易 Talking is easier than doing. 3)眼见为实 眼见为实 • Seeing is believing.
非谓语动词
• • • • • 非谓语动词包括 to do ; v-ing; v-ed V-ing可以做主语，宾语，表语， 可以做主语， 可以做主语 宾语，表语， 定语，宾补， 定语，宾补，状语
• Seeing is believing. • I like playing basketball. • Don’t leave me waiting outside in the rain
我并不想叫你生气。 我并不想叫你生气。 • I didn’t mean to make you angry． ． • 帮助他人意味着帮助自己 • To help otehrs measns helping yourself.
E·go on doing 和go on to do
• • • • • • go on doing继续做一直在做的事； 继续做一直在做的事； 继续做一直在做的事 go on to do接着做另一件事。如： 接着做另一件事。 接着做另一件事 请接着做这同一个练习。 请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on doing the same exercise． ． 请做另外一个练习。 请做另外一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise． ．
动词-ing形式用法归纳
Grammar: 动词－ing形式用法归纳I 例如：Seeing is believing.I suggested asking his brother for some money.It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.My job is teaching.China is a developing country.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.I heard someone knocking at the door.※动词的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语﹑定语和宾语补足语动词的-ing形式还可以在句子中做状语While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.Laughing and talking, they went into the room.Being sick, I stayed at home.Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.注: 分词与主句主语是主谓关系; 副词放在分词之前But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you. Being poor, the old man was happy.1) 时间状语2). 结果状语3). 伴随状语或方式状语4). 原因状语5〕作让步状语6) 作条件状语The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= …and will arrive in Chicago.) 7) 作补充说明注意：1．with 的复合构造The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter______ (lead) the way.With his hand ____ (tie) up, he sat there.With his eyes_____ (fix) on the wall, Tom lay on the floor.With a lot of homework___ (do), Jim can’t go out with his friends.2. 独立主格构造If weather permits, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.=Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat.=There being nobody in the room, come in…Eg. The baby fell from the tree, blood ____ (come) down from his leg.3. 为了强调与谓语动词同时发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用when或while；为强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用before或after.Eg. Don’t laugh, while eating.Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.After watching TV, he went to bed.4. 在动词的-ing 之前可用on或upon, 表示〞一….就…〞.Eg. On/Upon arriving in Bejing, he went to see his uncle.5.为了强调结果, 可在动词的-ing 之前用thus.Eg. My friend Lucy works hard, thus getting praised by her boss.6. 在动词的-ing 之前可用though或although,Eg. Though working hard, he couldn’t make enough money to pay off his debts.II.-ing各种变化形式(doing/being done/having done/ having been done)1) 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。
Unit+2+Grammar+and+usage+课件-高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第一册+
有一些动词短语也常跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如: insist on (坚持), object to (反对), be good at, lead to, leave off (停 止), put off (推迟), give up, look forward to , feel like(想要), devote to (把......奉献给),get used to (习惯于), pay attention to, can't help (禁不住), can't stand (受不了)等。
在他的国家，询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的
动词-ing 形式作主语
>1.动词 -ing 形式直接置于句首主语的位置上
Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。 2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置，此时须用it 作形式主语，用形容词或名词(短语)作表语。
no useL,onreomgIoposudm, fun, hard work, a hard/difficult job 源自 a waste of time 等。
2.既可接动词-ing形式又可接不定式(短语)作宾语的动词：
begin, start, continue, like, dislike, love, prefer, mean , forget , remember , hate , regret 等。 (1)在 like, love, hate, prefer 等动词之后,用动词 -ing 形式或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同,动词-ing形式表示 泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 (2)在 begin, start, continue 之后,用动词 -ing 形式和不定式,意义无区别,尤其是 当主语是人的时候。
高中英语Module4FineArtsWesternChineseandPopArtsSectionⅢGrammar动词_ing形式和动词不定式作宾语及动词_
Module 4 Fine Arts Western Chinese and Pop ArtsSection ⅢGrammar 动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语及动词-ing形式作主语语法图解探究发现①Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.②Instead, a picture should attempt to show the “life” of its subject.③We plan to buy more paintings this year.④I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.⑤My parents are fond of going to art galleries.⑥She is looking forward to starting art classes at her new school.⑦Painting is difficult for me.⑧Learning to paint well takes a long time.[我的发现](1)例句①②③中的动词后接动词不定式作宾语。
(2)例句④⑤⑥中的动词短语后跟动词ing形式作宾语。
(3)例句⑦⑧中的动词ing形式在句中作主语。
一、动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语1．动词ing形式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用动词ing形式作宾语：admit (承认), appreciate (欣赏), consider (考虑), mention (提及), delay (耽误), enjoy (喜欢), finish (完成), imagine (想象), miss (错过), practise (练习), resist (抵抗), risk (冒险), advise/suggest (建议), mind (介意), avoid (避免), allow (允许)I’m considering going abroad for further study.我在考虑出国深造。
高中Grammar动词-ing形式的用法 公开课
finish the work on time.
3．用于with复合结构中。
with+宾语+doing With so many people with+宾语+to do looking at her，she with+宾语+done felt nervous.
(burn) all night.
2.常见结构： 动词-ing形式常做以下动词的宾语补足 语。
1)．表示“感觉”的感官动词：
feel， smell， listen to，hear， watch，see，
+
宾语 + (sb/sth)
宾补 (doing)
notice，observe V-ing形式作宾语补足语
have， keep，get， leave，let， set，make，
+
宾(sb语/sth)+
宾补 (doing)
send ①We won’t have you _d_o_i_n_g_(do) that. ②The workers kept the machines
__ru__n_n_in_g_ (run) all night long to
2．现在分词(短语)做定语 1)作用：表示所修饰名词的_动__作__或_状__态___， 2) 位置：单个的现在分词做定语时，放 被修饰词__前__; 现在分词短语做定语时， 则放在被修饰词__后___。
a running man 一个奔跑的男人
The man running in
the picture is Liu Xiang. 图片中跑步的男人是刘翔。
20-21版：Grammar——动词-ing形式作主语和宾语（创新设计）
Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match. 昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。(作主语) She is fond of coffee being served after dinner. 她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。(作宾语)
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@《创新设计》
本节内容结束
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@《创新设计》
5．有些动词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，与用动词不定式作宾语，意义大相径庭。
try to do sth尽力做某事
try doing sth
试着做某事
mean to do sth打算/意欲做某事
mean doing sth
意味着某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth
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2．置于句末，用it作形式主语，多见于下面几个句型： It is worth doing...做……是值得的 It＋be＋a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing...做……是没有好处/用处的 It is a waste of time talking about such useless things. 谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
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@《创新设计》
③代词宾格＋动词-ing Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home? 你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？ ④名词＋动词-ing The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 [名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。 (2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。
Grammar动词的ing形式作定语表语和宾语补足语
Grammar 动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语：动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用：1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，这时，一般是单个v.-ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。
可以转换成“for + v.-ing”短语修饰该名词。
这时的v.-ing是动名词。
e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台a washing machine 洗衣机a swimming pool 游泳池a dancing hall 舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。
这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。
①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse = a horse which is drinkinga moving story = a story which moves peoplea terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies peoplean inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。
常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing.Do you know the man standing / (who is standing ) at the door?The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor.＊作定语用的v.-ing 是动名词还是现在分词并不重要。
PartⅡGrammar——动词ing形式作表语定语和宾语补足语
Part ⅡGrammar——动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语[思维导图]一、动词-ing形式作表语作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
The result of the game was disappointing.比赛结果令人失望。
His life story sounds very moving.他的人生故事听起来很感人。
[名师点津]作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.我厌烦独自在这里等。
My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好就是集邮。
二、动词-ing形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。
1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
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He said，“To go on like this is no use．”
他说：有两种情况。 一 有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语 二 有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。 ①后面如果接动词，只能接Ving(动名词)作宾语的动词， 常见的有：avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，
无法知道他什么时候离开。
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提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由 形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 句型：my/your/his/her/our/their/Tom’s/ Mary’s .. ＋ doing sth. 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sister's being ill made me worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
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③在there be结构中作主语句型： There is no doing sth. 不允许；无法做……
这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。
e) There is no joking about such matter.
这种事开不得玩笑。
e) There was no knowing when he would leave.
2. 有些短语如can’t help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名 词、代词戒动词-ing形式作宾语。如： I have been used to living here. I’m fond of collecting stamps and coins.
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C．forget/remember/regret doing sth.
forget/remember/regret to do sth. 动名词表示已经发生的动作； 不定式表示将要发生的动作。
posting I remember __________ (post ) the letter yesterday ．
finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape， cannot help，imagine，mind，miss， practise，cannot stand, feel like, admit, appreciate 等。如：
I can’t avoid meeting him． 我避免不了要见他。 Have you considered looking for one special friend? 10 你考虑过找一位挚友吗?
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3. need, require, want作“需要” 解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主 动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired.
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常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
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go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 stop doing 停止做（正在做）的事 stop to do 停下来去做别的事
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Please go on doing _____(do) the same exercise． Please go on _____ (do) the other exercise． to do talking Stop _______ (talk), please ． He stopped __________(have) a rest after a to have tiring walk．
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动名词作宾语的复合结构：
逻辑主语＋动名词 比较：He insisted on living in the room. 他坚持玛丽住在这个房间。 He insisted on Mary’s living in the room. 他坚持我们住在这个房间。 He insisted on our/(us) living in the room.
consider, suggest / advise, look forward 考虑建议盼原谅， excuse, pardon to, 承认推迟没得想， admit, delay / put off, fancy
避免错过继续练， avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise
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2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形 式主语，用形容词戒名词作表语。常见的 作表语的名词戒短语有： no use, no good, useless, worth, worthwhile, a waste of time e) Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? e) It’s no good waiting here. Let’s go home. e) It was a waste of time reading that book.
否认完成停能赏， deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡， can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape
不准冒险凭想象。 forbid, risk, imagine
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②可后接动名词也可后接不定式
begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer， mean，forget，remember，hate等。
The –ing form as the Subject ＆Object 1．作主语 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首。 1) Learning new words is very important to me． 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 2) Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
increasing the rice output.
Yuan Longping searched for a way to
increase rice harvests without expanding
the area of the fields.
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The –ing form as the Subject ＆Object
I’ll remember to post ___________ (post) the letter． seeing I shall never forget ________ (see) the famous writer．
Don’t forgetto write _________ (write) to your mother． missing I regret _________ (miss) the report． to say I regret __________ (say) I can’t take your advice．
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allow, permit, advise, forbid 等及物动词后也
直接跟动名词作宾语，如allow/permit doing sth. 但如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成
“allow/advise/forbid/permit ＋sb.＋不定式”之形式。 如：
We don’t allow smoking here． We don’t allow anybody to smoke here．
句型：allow doing. allow sb. to do sth.
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允许/建议/禁止做某事
allow/permit/advise/forbid doing sth.
允许/建议/禁止某人做某事
allow/permit/advise/forbid sb. to do sth. allow/permit/advise/forbid (one’s) doing sth.
He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah- jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could 3 feed more people.
A．like/ love/ hate，prefer doing… 动名词表示泛指 的动作 like，love，hate，prefer to do…不定式表示具体 的一次性动作。
B．begin/start，continue doing/ to do…用动名词和 不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
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try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要/打算做某事 go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 stop doing 停止做（正在做）的事 stop to do 停下来去做别的事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事