2019-2020学年 湖南省长沙市雅礼中学 高一下学期入学考试英语试题 Word版
湖南省2019-2020年高一下学期月考英语试卷
高一第三次月考英语考试试卷全卷共150分，答卷时间120分钟。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When did the man get home yesterday?A. At 5:55.B. At 6:05.C. At 6:152. What most probably happened to the woman?A. She stole a walletB. Her wallet was lost.C. She mistook someone else’s wallet for hers.3. How long does the woman have to work?A .8 hours. B. 9 hours. C. 10 hours.4. What’s the man going to do tonight?A. Attend a party.B. Take an exam.C. Do his homework.5. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman is thirstyB. The woman is hungry.C. The woman dislikes music.第二节 (共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
精品解析：湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高一下学期入学考试英语试题(解析版)
2022-2023-2雅礼书院高一入学考试英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AWe are excited to announce that Brandon Hobson-author of Where the Dead Sit Talking,a National Book Award Finalist-will judge our2023American Short(er)Fiction Prize.General GuidelinesStories must be1,000words or fewer.You are allowed to include up to three stories per entry.Please submit(提交)all stories in one document.Each story must begin on a new page and be clearly titled.For the title of your submission,list the story titles,separated by a comma.The first-place winner will receive a＄1,000prize and publication(出版)in a future issue of American Short Fiction(ASF).All entries will be considered for publication.Please submit your$17entry fee and your work through Submittable.We no longer accept submissions by post.You may submit multiple entries.accept only previously unpublished works.Submit your entry online between November24,2022-February1,2023.Conflicts(冲突)of InterestStaff and volunteers currently working with ASF are not fit for consideration or publication.Additionally, students,former students,and colleagues of the judge’s are not admitted to participate(参加).We ask that previous winners wait three years after their winning entry is published before entering again.About writing,Hobson has said,“I’m always more interested in language than I am certainly in plot.Most of us who write literary fiction are interested in experimenting in more ways than just looking at it,especially a traditional storyline or plot that we all learned in school.”With those words of encouragement and wisdom,good luck!We can’t wait for your submissions!1.How many stories can a participant submit at most?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.2.What may the first-place prize winner get?A.A$1,000prize.B.A return of$17entry fee.C.Meeting with Brandon Hobson.D.Publication in a past issue of ASF.3.Which of the following may be qualified to participate?A.Volunteers of ASF.B.A new fiction writer.C.Prize winners last year.D.Students of the judge’s.【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。
2020-2021学年湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高一下学期入学考试英语试题 解析版
湖南长沙市雅礼中学2020-2021学年下学期入学考试试卷高一英语试题一、阅读选择The week-long Spring Festival holiday starting on Feb 11 is usually a busy, moneymaking movie screening season in China. It will see the release of eight movies, all domestic productions, according to the schedule already disclosed by film data platforms.Detective Chinatown 3, the newest installment in China’s well-received Detective Chinatown film franchise, topped the list of most-anticipated holiday films compiled by movie-ticketing platform Maoyan.A sequel to the 2018 comedy hit Detective Chinatown 2 that grossed 3.4 billion yuan ($526 million), Detective Chinatown 3 is set for release on the Spring Festival that falls on Feb 12. More than 3.7 million Maoyan users have expressed interest in seeing this film, according to data.The other six films to be released on the same day are the time travel comedy Hi, Mom starring popular comedians Jia Ling and Shen Teng; the mobile game-turned fantasy film The Yinyang Master that stars Chen Kun and Zhou Xun; Boonie Bears: The Wild Life, the new installment in the domestic animated comedy franchise; Assassin in Red, a fantasy thriller film based on a novel co-starring popular actress Yang Mi; New Gods: Nezha Reborn, a new animated film from Light Chaser Animation (the same production company behind the 2019 animated movie Withe Snake); Ren Chao Xiong Yong, a comedy-drama co-starring singer and actor Andy Lau.My First Love is Eighteen Years Old, a romance movie, is set to hit theaters on Feb 14.China’s box office cont inued robust growth into 2021 after scoring a record high for New Year’s Day earnings. The total box office revenue in the first ten days of 2021 exceeded 2 billion yuan, up by more than 730-million-yuan year on year.The market’s total earnings in 2020 we re 20.4 billion yuan. Of these, the top 10 earners were all domestic productions, according to official figures.1．Who are the target readers of the text?A．Movie experts. B．The general public.C．College freshmen. D．High school students.2．How many movies are set to hit theaters during the week-long Spring Festival holiday? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine.3．Which movie can’t you watch if you are only free on Feb 12?A．Hi, Mom B．Detective Chinatown 3.C．Boonie Bears: Tire Wild Life.D．My First Love is Eighteen Years Old.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。
湖南省雅礼中学2019-2020学年高三第3次月考英语试题(原卷版)
雅礼中学2020届高三月考试卷（三）英语试题注意事项：1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号. 回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。
1.What does the man mean? A. The man shows pity for the woman. B. The man persuades the woman not to go with Tom. C. The man suggests the woman should reconsider her plan. 2. How did the woman feel about her holiday after the trip? A. Disappointed. B. Pleased. C. Excited. 3. What do we know about Hannah? A. She likes collecting postcards. B. She likes travelling. C. She is on vacation. 4. How will the woman come home? A. Susie will take her home. B. Her father will pick her up.C. Susie's mother will give her a ride.5. What will the woman do this weekend?A. Invite the man to dinner.B. Stay at home and relax.C. Go out with Simon.第二节（共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
英语_2019-2020学年湖南省长沙市某校高一(下)入学英语试卷(含答案)
2019-2020学年湖南省长沙市某校高一（下）入学英语试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. Welcome to AustraliaThe Great OutdoorsAustralia is the world's oldest continent and indigenous（本土的） Australians have oneof the world's oldest culture．In Australia you will see unique plants and animals and some of the most beautiful scenery in the world． Many parks have information centres offering advice on where to go, what to see and how to see it﹣﹣for both your personal safety and to protect our sensitive, natural environment．Banks and Money MattersBanks are generally open between 9: 30am and 4pm on Monday to Thursday and 9: 30am and 5pm on Friday．Foreign currency or traveller's cheques can be changed at all banks and some of the larger hotels． There are currency exchange facilities at all international airports．Take care! Our sunlight is very strong and you can get sunburnt． For best sun protection, it is advisable to wear:□*A broad﹣brimmed hat*A shirt with a collar and sleeves*Sunscreen with high protection factor．SwimmingWe have so many beautiful places to swim﹣﹣beaches, lakes, rivers and creeks．□*Many of our waters are safe for swimming, but if you have any doubts, ask before entering the water．□*Most of our popular ocean beaches have patrols with life﹣saving service． Red and yellow flags mark the area that you are advised to swim within．□*If there are no flags and no life guards on the beach, talk to local people about the best areas to swim．Staying Safe on the Roads□*Australians drive on the left﹣hand side of the road．□*For safety, everyone in the car, including children, must wear a seat belt．□*Motor cyclists and bicyclists are required to wear a helmet．□*Watch out for native animals crossing the roads, especially at night． Road signs are________ in places where animals are commonly seen．（1）What is the best title of the third part of the passage？________A The SunB Enjoy the SunC WarningD Outdoor Activities．（2）If you arrive in Sydney at 5：10pm on Friday， where can you probably get your money changed on that day？________A At a bank．B At any hotel．C At a storeD At the airport．（3）How can you ensure your safety when swimming？________A You can swim in whichever lake you likeB You should swim with the lifeguard． C You can swim where there are red flags． D Always find a local person to ask about how to swim．．（4）Which of the following word might be the closest in meaning with the underlined word "erected"？________A set upB protectedC stoodD Noticed．2. For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives．"A salamander （a small lizard﹣like animal） can grow back its leg． Why can't a human do the same? " asked Peruvian﹣born surgeon Dr． Anthony Atala in a recent interview． The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine． This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts．These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things ﹣﹣﹣ living cells, tissue, and even organs．Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds． One of its most significant advances took place in 1999, when a research group at North Carolina's Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory﹣grown bladder． Since then, the team, led by Dr． Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs﹣from kidneys to ears．The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue andbone． However, donor organs are not always the best option． First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100, 000 people are waiting for organ transplants． Secondly, a patient's body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ． An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient's own cells and will not be rejected by the body's immune system．Today, several labs are working to create bio﹣artificial body parts． Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung． At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bio﹣artificial rat heart． Dr． Atala's medical team has reported long﹣term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida （脊柱裂）． And at the University of Michigan, H． David Humes has created an artificial kidney．So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient． The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals' chances of survival．（1）What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bio﹣artificial kidney？________A PatientsB RatsC SheepD Soldiers．（2）Why is generative medicine considered innovative？________A It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues．B It will strengthen the human body's immune system．C It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ．D It will make patients live longer with bio﹣artificial organs．．（3）What is the writer's attitude towards regenerative medicine？________A Positive．B Negative．C Doubtful．D Reserved．3. However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want． Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else．Every hour of our time has a value． For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film． Each of these options has a different opportunity cost﹣namely（即）, what they cost us in missed opportunities．Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium． Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use ________to have dinner with friends? This﹣the alternative（可供选择的） use of your cash and time﹣is the opportunity cost．For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo﹣in terms of money and enjoyment﹣in order to take it up． By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better﹣informed, more reasonable decisions． Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch． Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities．Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable． Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that﹣we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time．In the business world, a popular phrase is "value for money．" People want their cash to go as far as possible． However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: "value for time．" The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time． By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating． In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions．（1）According to the passage， the concept of "opportunity cost" is applied to________．A making more moneyB taking more opportunitiesC reducing missed opportunitiesD weighing the choice of opportunities．（2）"the leftover …time" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time________．A spared for watching the match at homeB taken to have dinner withfriends C spent on the way to and from the match D saved from not going to watch the match．（3）What are forgone opportunities？________A Opportunities you forget in decision﹣making．B Opportunities you give up for better ones．C Opportunities you miss accidentally．D Opportunities you makeup for．第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．4. For parents the most stressful years in parenting are perhaps the time when their kidsturn into teenagers．Some parents have a strong belief that a strict approach to parentingthe kids is a must．Others believe that it is best to give teenagers a free hand．（1）_______The best way to parent teens is to use a mix of both．Read below for more tips on parenting teens．Encourage discussion．Make use of the problem areas in your teen's development as an opportunity to teach him or her tricks of good decision﹣making．（2）_______The only way in which you can do so is treat your kid as an adult．That is why it is very important to discuss the matter with your teen as you do with any other adult．Follow rules．If you have set rules for your teen to follow，then make sure you are strict in them．A teen who knows that there are certain rules that cannot be overlooked will make an effect to follow them．（3）_______Award your teenager when he or she follows the rules，but don't forget to punish him or her each time a rule is broken．Do not ignore your teenager's unfriendly attitude or regard it as normal teen behavior．If you ignore this at the start，then you win have to face all the more difficult situations later．Mind signs which can point towards such behavior as sleeping late，missing classes，etc．（4）_______ Be observant，but don't let it become obvious．Help set goals．Parents often make the mistake of setting unreasonable goals for their teens．The expectations you have should be dependent on the abilities of your kids．Never shout at them if they fall short of their goals．（5）_______ Only then they he able to reach their goals next lime．A．Parents should enjoy some sports with their kid．B．This will turn him or her into a responsible adult．C．Both these approaches are，however，right and wrong．D．If you see any such sign，talk to him or her without over reacting．E．Instead，encourage them and help them to find their faults and weaknesses．F．However，the teen will not act this way if you are not firm about the whole thing．G．Parents should recognize that teen years are the time when kids want more personal space．第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．5. I have a home away from home ﹣ my school, Hamden High． Sometimes after 13 hours of school and sports, I consider （1）_______there overnight, sleeping in the band room． But I feel most at home at Room Cl03, the costume shop, which my acting friends and I call home． The couch（沙发） there has been a second （2）_______for me．I have been on the costume（3）_______for four years． I remember my first（4）_______ set in Italy in the 1960s． With the help of my（5）_______teacher, I created my first costume successfully．（6）_______, it sparkled and made the character of the queen come to life． I felt proud, （7）_______that I'd do this forever and help （8）_______characters through cloth and color．My costume teacher （9）_______my abilities to select designs, colors and fabrics that will （10）_______each character． So she（11）_______me to take charge of the ensemble（全套戏服）． I love the long nights spent（12）_______the patterns． I feel like an older sister to the younger actors． Through my four years of theater, I have（13）_______my theater family and the young（14）_______treat me as their older sister． I would feel （15）_______ each time a family member leaves and we will cry．I will leave my Hamden High theater family and make my（16）_______home at UCONN, a school where I can experience these feelings （17）_______． I look forward to learning new skills in something I （18）_______ love and wish to do for the rest of my life． In UCONN, I will also （19）_______the actors on stage to look as if their characters come to life．（20）_______, I will find a comfortable couch in a new band room to sleep on．（1）A stayingB checkingC decoratingD escaping（2）A itemB aspectC choiceD bed（3）A departmentB showC crewD design（4）A journeyB playC impressionD response（5）A historyB sportC costumeD photography（6）A On stageB At timesC By natureD On trial（7）A warningB realizingC reasoningD rejecting（8）A selectB exploreC hugD create（9）A gives awayB believes inC holds backD takes off（10）A showB protectC fitD warm（11）A asksB forcesC forbidsD teaches（12）A enjoyingB pattingC editingD cutting（13）A phonedB visitedC builtD left（14）A conductorsB actorsC chefsD users（15）A upsetB calmC joyfulD pitiful（16）A lonelyB newC luckyD anxious（17）A tooB aloneC wellD again（18）A trulyB graduallyC slowlyD hurriedly（19）A shootB blameC helpD contact（20）A ThusB PatientlyC HoweverD Hopefully第三部分英语知识运用（满分 15 分）n语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过三个单词）．6. The movie Better Days （少年的时光） is a school﹣bully（校园霸凌）（1）________（theme） film that （2）________（sweep） the Chinese box office since it came out．In the film， Zhou plays （3）________role of Chen Nian， a seemingly meek（软弱的）senior 3 student，（4）________witnesses a friend commit suicide who has been relentlessly bullied by several other classmates at school． The school bullies soon turn their attentionto Chen， but （5）________（hopeful） Chen manages to find protection from another boy Xiaobei， played by Yiyangqianxi， who is almost constantly bloodied in the film． Later，they get rolled into a murder （6）________ （investigate）． In the end，（7）________both young people truly have suffered bully quite a lot， they finally make their way to get rid （8）________the trouble．Everyone deserves to （9）________（life） a bully﹣free life． Do remember， if you are not part of the solution， then you are part of the reason． And most importantly， if you getthe chance to defend yourself or （10）________（other）， don't hesitate to voice your opinions．第四部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节应用文写作（满分 15 分）7. 询问应做何准备．注意： 1．词数80左右 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．________________________________________第二节概要写作（满分 25 分）8. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要．Small talk， chitchat， these are the short conversations we have at parties， while we wait in line at the store， at family events or work． Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well． Often， we have to make small talk with complete strangers． Many people find such small talk about random topics difficult． Some people say they hate it． Others say small talk is a waste of time． They may even call it idle chitchat or idle chatter， meaning it doesn't do anything． They consider small talk not important． However， small talk is important．Small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person betteror not． Let's say you make small talk with someone at a party． But they only want to talk about cats． You may not want to build a friendship with them unless you really， reallylove cats．Chitchat can also increase your feeling of understanding or empathy toward people youknow but not well． Chatting with colleagues about their children may help you to understand more of their life outside the office． This could help build healthy workrelationships．Small talk could even help your larger communities your relationships with neighbors． Exchanging a recipe with neighbor in your apartment building may make her noises upstairs easier to live with．In 2011， most commuters in the city of Chicago said they would enjoy "quiet cars" where they sat alone and did not talk to anybody． Researchers at the University of Chicago then asked some participants in a study to talk to people while commuting to work on a train． They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone．2019-2020学年湖南省长沙市某校高一（下）入学英语试卷答案1. ADCA2. CDA3. DCB4. C,B,F,D,E5. ADCBCABDBCADCBABDACD6. themed,has swept,the,who,hopefully,investigation,Though/Although/While,of,live,others7. DearLynn，,I'mLiHua，anexchangestudentfromChinaI'mhappytoknowthatI'llbestayingwithyourfamilyinthenextfew monthswhileI'mstudyingatthelocalhighschoolThankyouforhavingme!IwillarriveinTorontoon August20thandgettoyourplacelatethatafternoonIwonderifyoucouldgivemesomeadvicesothat IcangetmyselfbetterpreparedformystayinCanada,Looking forward to seeingyou!,Bestwishes，,Li Hua8. Although small talk is disliked by many people， it is actually of vital importance in our daily life．【高分句型一】（闲聊很重要）Firstly， small talk can not only contribute to meaningful conversations，（有意义的对话）but also help you figure out whether to further your relationship（进一步关系）Besides， through small talk， you can buildbetter relationships with your colleagues and neighbors．（建立更好的关系）What's more，researchers also find that small talk can make people happier．【高分句型二】（使人们更快乐）。
2022年湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高一下学期入学考试英语试题
2021-2022-2雅礼中学高一下入学考试英语第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AIf Indian food is your cup of tea, please come to some food festivals in India.National Street Food FestivalThis is the most popular food festival in India, and with good one of the street food capitals of the world, where a walk around the city can be as attractive as dining in a five-star restaurant. All of the mouthwatering goodness comes together for this festival every January, where visitors can make a pig of themselves on much-loved street delicacies(佳肴) from all over the country.Goa Food and Cultural FestivalThe southern state of Goa is famous for its spi cy fish, curries, cashew nuts and cold Kingfisher beer. It’s easy to add a Goan beach vacation on a winter foodie tour. The annual food festival, which happens in January, has more than 70 stalls(货摊) set up in an open air market in the capital city, just a half-hour drive from the sunshine state’s beautiful coast.The Great Indian Food FestivalWith more than 75 food stalls from 12 different states, this is perhaps the mother of all food festivals in India in terms of national variety. It takes place in Old Delhi, in early November, and features not only food from all over India, but various activities such as eating contests, cooking shows and cultural performances.International Mango FestivalWho doesn’t love mangos? In India, more than 500 varieties of i ts national fruit exist. Mango harvest is celebrated at the annual International Mango Festival which takes place every summer in Old Delhi. Visitors can expect activities such as mango-eating contests, mango carving and taking a bite of everything with mangos from stalls.21. What can you do at National Street Food Festival?A. Get a feeling of eating in a grand restaurant.B. Make a pig of yourself on as many as mangos.C. Walk along the sunshine state’s beautiful coast.D. Enjoy the celebration of good harvest of the year.22. Which festival is suitable for those who like spicy fish?A. National Street Food Festival.B. Goa Food and Cultural Festival.C. The Great Indian Food Festival.D. International Mango Festival.23. What do the last two festivals have in common?A. They provide cooking performances.B. They are famous for various fruits.C. They take place in the same city.D. They are held in November.BFerrell got the standard well wishes on the website on her 53rd birthday, but she got some unusual messages too. One message was from a family in California who had just lost their four-year-old son to cancer. His older brother was heartbroken. Could Ferrell help?That message was exactly what Ferrell was looking for. To celebrate her 53rd, the longtime social service worker had put out a call on her website. She wanted to perform 53 acts of kindness by the end of her birth month and she needed information on people who could use one. When she got the note about the California family, she sent a wind chime(风铃) with the message “Listen to the wind and know that I am near” carved on it. It now hangs in the four-year-old’s bedroom, where his brother can listen to it whenever he wants.This is not the first time that Ferrell has decided to give gifts for her birthday. For her 47th, she founded Love with Skin On, an organization devoted to doing good deeds. Over the years, Ferrell has reached out and touched over 100 strangers, some found online, others with help from her grandkids. In another act of giving, she shared her favorite creative gift ideas online for others to use.Ferrell pays for everything herself: gift cards and care packages. Her family often gives her some extra birthday cash with a warning not to spend it on anyone else, which she naturally ignores. “I got a couple of gift cards for my birthday this year and was like “YESSS!” It’s Ferrell’s party, and she’ll give if she wants to.24. Why did Ferrell send the California family a wind chime?A. To bring a message to the family.B. To celebrate her 53rd birthday.C. To comfort the child who lost his brother.D. To help the child learn about a wind chime.25. What do we know about Ferrell?A. She began to give gifts at 53.B. She did 53 acts of kindness in total.C. She helped people in trouble in different ways.D. She set up an organization to celebrate her birthday.26. Which of the following words can best describe Ferrell?A. Gifted and modest.B. Caring and generous.C. Humorous and thoughtful.D. Determined and confident.27. What can we learn from the text?A. To give is better than to receive.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.CIf you live in Washington, D.C., or Redwood, Calif., you may have noticed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many a curious onlooker.The robots, which look like electric rice cookers with wheels, were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focused on delivering(运送) meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world.This week, the company showed plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the world’s first robot package delivery service”. The package delivery service can only beapplied in some cities in the US.The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and can detect barriers(检测路障) from as far as 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through just about anything,” says Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starship’s D.C. office, “If you have something in the way, it’s able to climb it.” By giving customers control of when deliveries occur, Starship Technologies is promoting its service as a way to combat package theft.To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the company’s app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address,” a unique address inside a Starship facility, instead of a home address, where they can have packages sent from places such as .Once a package is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notice that allows them to schedule a home delivery through robot. The robots are opened by customers with a mobile phone code(代码).28. What do we know about Starship Technologies company?A. Packages are delivered by its robots all round America.B. Its robots have taken on package delivery for a long time.C. It is the first to provide robot package delivery service.D. Its delivery service is the best of all in the world.29. What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Propose.B. Prevent.C. Report.D. Discover.30. What can we learn about robot package delivery service?A. Customers can’t open the robots without a mobile phone code.B. Starship Delivery Address is the customer’s home address.C. Customers have to pay a little more than $10 each time.D. Robots themselves have control over when to deliver packages.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Robot delivery service is taking off.B. Humans are being replaced by robots.C. Everything can be done by robots.D. Packages can be delivered by robots.DAccording to a new study from Cornell University, about one-fifth of the global population, of 2 billion people worldwide, will be forced to resettle or go deeper inland by 2100 due to the continuous rise in sea level.The study, published in the journal Land Use Policy, showed that the growing global population could make the matter worse. The researchers expected that there are about 1.4 billon “climate change refugees(难民)” in the world by 2060 and by 2100 the number of the displaced people due to the rising sea level could reach up to two billion.“We’re going to have more people on less land and sooner than we think,” said lead author Charles Geisler, professor at Cornell. “The future rise in global average sea level probably won’t be gradual. Yet few policy makers are observing the significant barriers that coastal climate refugees, like other refugees, will run into when they move to higher ground.”For the study, the researchers reviewed potential problems that climate change refugees may face if they go deeper inland. The researchers identified these land difficulties with relocation using three organizing groups.Including depletion(损耗) zones, win-lose zones and no trespass(不得擅自进入) zones. By doing so, the researchers were able to provide primary estimates of their toll(损失) on inland resettlement space. The researchers found that some inland regions were unlikely to support new waves of climate change refugees due to the remains of war, road developments and rare natural resources.Apart from the rising sea level, increasing storm weather and the booming global population are also having a huge influence on the number of climate change refugees. Storm can push seawater further inland. The increasing global population requires more land even as the ocean swallows up rich costal zones and river deltas(三角洲). These force people to search for new places to move to higher ground.32. What would happen if the sea level were to rise?A. 2 billion people would be “refugees” by 2060.B. 50% of the population would lose their homes.C. Inland regions would become more crowded.D. Coastal regions would be polluted seriously.33. What can be inferred from Charles Geisler’s words?A. The sea level will go up in a little-by-little way.B. Moving to higher land isn’t the key solution.C. Land and population vary according to climate change.D. Policy makers should think more for climate change refugees.34. Why do climate change refugees fail to move to some inland regions?A. Because they can’t live a common life there.B. Because they can’t adapt to the clima te there.C. Because they may consume more than expected.D. Because they will destroy the natural resources.35. What does the author stress in the last paragraph?A. Global warming is a double-edged sword.B. In the future climate will become worse.C. The earth will see more climate change refugees.D. Sea will bring humans more disadvantages.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市雅礼书院中学2019-2020学年高一英语月月考试题
湖南省长沙市雅礼书院中学2019-2020学年高一英语10月月考试题（时间：120分钟总分：150分）第I卷第一部分听力技能（共两节，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the woman do next?A. Clean her house. B Go to the d octor’s. C. Look at her schedule.2. Where are the speakers probably?A. At homeB. At a theater C .At a restaurant.3. When will the pop show start?A. At 6:30.B. At 7:30.C. At 8:20.4. When will the speakers go on holiday?A. In June.B. In July.C. In September.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A story .B. A monster.C. A film.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6，7题。
6．What is the woman probably doing?A. Listening to musicB. Doing her homeworkC. Enjoying a “Boy Band” concert.7. How does the man feel?A. Nervous.B. WorriedC. Pleased.听第7段材料，回答8至10题。
2019-2020学年长沙市雅礼中学高三英语第四次联考试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年长沙市雅礼中学高三英语第四次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADesign a science holiday to win a science holidayIs there a scientific holiday,tour,vacation or experience in your list that you dream of making a reality? We might just be able to help with that! We are the crowd sourcing thoughts and suggestions onnew tours,and the winner will receive two free places on their tour when it's launched.Starting entries 1st May 2020Deadline 31st August 2020ENTER NOW---Write a brief description of your ideal science holiday,tour,vacation or experience.---No matter how big or small,we are looking for brilliant, unique thoughts.It can be a complex multi-location overseas holiday tour,a weekend away deep-diving,or a simple walking tour(and everything in between).---Our current tours are mainly individual-focused but we would love to hear ideas for families and schools.---Creations that have environmentally friendly themes and a low carbon impact are also welcome.---Your entry can be as simple as a great title but writing more specifies will improve the possibility of walking off with the prize.---The competition doesn't close by September,2020,so plenty of time to brainstorm your entry.---We will launch the best idea in late 2020 or at the beginning of 2021. The winner will receive the award once the result is published.If you want to submit more than 3,999 words,include photos/maps with your entry, or submit multiple entries then send it to tours @ . The competition guidelines and other related information are available at .1. When will the winner probably be announced?A. In August,2020.B. In September,2020.C. In January,2021.D. In May,2021.2. What kind of entries might be more likely to win?A. Those producing a low carbon impact.B. Those with a long and unique title.C. Those providing detailed information.D. Those for individual-focused tours.3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To give guidance on a competition.B. To advertise a science holiday.C. To inspire creativity in teenagers.D. To collect the ideas for tours.BHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth. Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.4. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.5. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.6. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than ThoughtCIt’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Scott Kelly said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.Scott spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids(积水) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Scott said.He discussed life aboard including spending time with Russian astronauts. They came from different cultures. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.Though life there was not easy, Scott never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed experiences growing up, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.“Never give up or lower your dreams. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you’ll find it really rewarding,” Scott said in the end.8. Scott mentioned his experience in the ISS mainly to show ________.A. he enjoyed making speechesB. he was a responsible astronautC. his life in space was challengingD. the daily life of an astronaut can be boring9. What may benefit Scott most when he lived with Russian astronauts?A. He won some awards through teamwork.B. He found the fun of living in the Space Station.C. He learned to develop close relationships with others.D. He picked up some knowledge of Russian culture.10. Which of the following can best describe Scott?A. Kind and thoughtful.B. Curious and humorous.C. Easygoing and sociable.D. Hardworking and determined.11. What does the author intend to tell us from Scott’s story?A. It’s importantto have a dreamB. Easy things are also worth doingC. A suitable career leads one to success.D. Difficult things are demanding but rewardingDAfter almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart's desire.Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak（连续成功）now，but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain. and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days,they say.Do not spend too much,live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one's money.People often think like this-one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow's plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in -our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?Good questions, aren't they? 1 say travel but don' t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future.Life is for the living. so live it sensibly.12. Why do elders teach us to save money?A. Because there are more rainy days in life.B. Because no one can win streak.C. Because good days may end.D. Because money can't buy everything.13. What does the underlined phrase "“refrain from" mean in Paragraph 3?A. select fromB. hold backC. rely onD. prefer to14. What can we infer from the passage?A. We should enjoy ourselves at the right time.B. We should wait to travel until we have enough money.C. We should live for the future no matter what.D. We should enjoy ourselves to the fullest when we have money.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Money is something but not everything.B. One should save for rainy days.C. Live in the moment before you live for the future.D. Live the present wisely for your life.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2019-2020学年湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高一下学期入学考试英语试题考生注意：本卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150 分，时量120 分钟。
命题人：彭霞张青青第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节：听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is Linda?A.A writer.B. A student.C. A teacher.2.What is the man afraid of?A.Saying something wrong.B. Missing the interview.C. Having an accident.3.What does the woman want to do?A. To buy another jacket.B. To change a jacket.C. To return a jacket.4. Why does the man feel upset?A. He found his clothes ugly.B. A guy stole his clothes.C. Someone said he was ugly.5. What does the woman mean?A.She wants her son to use a new key.B. She feels very sorry for her son.C. She disbelieves her son.第二节: 听下面5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6, 7 题。
6.Who might the man be?A.A waiter.B. The woman’s friend.C. The woman’s husband.7.Where was the wallet found?A.In the restroom.B. At the cash desk.C. On the table.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8, 9 题。
8.What are those children like?A.Shy.B. Active.C. Selfish.9.Why does the woman have to leave?A.Because her children are ill.B. Because her parents are in poor health.C. Because her friends made her leave.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10.Why does the woman ask for the man’s home phone number?A.To invite him to dinner.B. To stop him from calling her.C. To make sure they can talk11.How does the woman feel about the man?A.Grateful.B. Curious.C. Impatient.12.What is the woman doing?A.Having dinner.B. Doing exercise.C. Watching a diet programme.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13.How many questions does the man ask?A.Two.B. Three.C. Four.14.What equipment in the kitchen uses the most energy?A.The stove.B. The refrigerator.C. The dish washer.15.What can people do to help with the environment?A.Drive the car within the speed limit.B. Buy a new car instead of a used car.C. Stop buying The New York Times.16.What do we know about Sally?A.She knows a lot about environmental issues.B. She likes reading newspapers.C. She doesn’t win the prize.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17.Where is Washington Square Park located?A.In Upper Manhattan.B. Between 6th St. and 4th St.C. In the Washington Village neighborhood.18.What is true about Washington Square Park?A.It covers ten city blocks.B. Dogs have their own areas to play.C. Eating and drinking are not allowed.19.Who especially likes the park’s fountain area?A.Artists.B. Students.C. Children.20.When was the Washington Arch built?A. In 1889.B. In 1806.C. In 1871.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWelcome to AustraliaThe Great OutdoorsAustralia is the world’s oldest continent and indigenous（本土的） Australians have one of the world’s oldest culture.In Australia you will see unique plants and animals and some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. Many parks have information centres offering advice on where to go, what to see and how to see it--for both your personal safety and to protect our sensitive, natural environment.Banks and Money MattersBanks are generally open between 9:30am and 4pm on Monday to Thursday and 9:30am and 5pm on Friday．Foreign currency or traveller’s cheques can be changed at all banks and some of the larger hotels. There are currency exchange facilities at all international airports.Take care! Our sunlight is very strong and you can get sunburnt.For best sun protection, it is advisable to wear:□*A broad-brimmed hat *A shirt with a collar and sleeves *Sunscreen with high protection factor.SwimmingWe have so many beautiful places to swim--beaches, lakes, rivers and creeks.□*Many of our waters are safe for swimming, but if you have any doubts, ask before entering the water.□*Most of our popular ocean beaches have patrols with life-saving service. Red and yellow flags mark the area that you are advised to swim within.□*If there are no flags and no life guards on the beach, talk to local people about the best areas to swim.Staying Safe on the Roads□*Australians drive on the left-hand side of the road.□*For safety, everyone in the car, including children, must wear a seat belt.□*Motor cyclists and bicyclists are required to wear a helmet.□*Watch out for native animals crossing the roads, especially at night. Road signs are erected in places where animals are commonly seen.21.What is the best title of the third part of the passage?A.The SunB. Enjoy the SunC. WarningD. Outdoor Activities22.If you arrive in Sydney at 5:10pm on Friday, where can you probably get your money changed on that day?A.At a bank．B. At any hotel．C. At a storeD. At the airport23.How can you ensure your safety when swimming?A.You can swim in whichever lake you likeB.You should swim with the life guard.C.You can swim where there are red flags.D.Always find a local person to ask about how to swim.24.Which of the following word might be the closest in meaning with the underlined word “erected”?A.set upB. protectedC. stoodD. NoticedBFor centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?”asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significantadvances took place in 1999, when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs —from kidneys to ears.The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.Today, several labs are working to create bio-artificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bio-artificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (脊柱裂). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.25.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bio-artificial kidney?A.PatientsB. RatsC. SheepD. Soldiers26.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?A.It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.B.It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.C.It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.D.It will make patients live longer with bio-artificial organs.27.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine？A.Positive.B. Negative.C. Doubtful.D. Reserved.CHowever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely(即), what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you acouple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game fromhome and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative（可供选择的） use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.28.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to .A.making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities29."the leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time .A.spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match30.What are forgone opportunities?A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。