定语从句讲解4

1 定语从句讲解和练习 一、概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 二、原则： a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先 行词。 b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。 c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分. 三、扩大. She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan. Is this the key which you are looking for? October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded. This is the house where the great man was born. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 四、下列定语从句只能用that来引导： 1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰 This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 2.先行词为序数词所修饰 I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel. This is the first composition that he has ever written in English. 3.先行词既包括人又包括物 They talked of things and persons that happened in the school. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句 Who is the man that came this morning? Which is the bag that you lost? 5.先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句 He is the very person that the police are looking for. This is the only thing that I can remember. 6.先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much, everybody等不定代词 Tell us everything that you know, please. Is there anything that you don’t understand? 7.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时 All that glitters is not gold. I’ve read all the books that you gave me. 五、“介词+ 关系词” 及关系副词when, where, why 1). The box is full of bottles. He is standing on the box. ----> The box on which he is standing is full of bottles. The box where he is standing is full of bottles. 2). This is the train. We work on the train. ---->This is the train on which we work. This is the train where we work. 3). I know the reason. She did it for the reason. ---->I know the reason for which she did it. I know the reason why she did it. 2

4). The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just now. ----> The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster. 5). The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen. ----> The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai. 不能拆开的词组： look for / look after / catch hold of /take care of / put on / take off…….

九、定语从句和同位语从句的区别: 定语从句相当于形容词作定语， 对先行词加以限制或修饰，同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词加以补充或说明，连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分，而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分. The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy. （定语从句） The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy. (同位语从句) The news that they had won came. 十、 关系代词what和that, which的区别: 先比较下列句子中的what和that: He told us the things that he had seen. --> He told us what he had seen. This is the words which I said. --> This is what I said. 可以看出what 实际上等于是 “the thing that(which)”, 即 “先行词+关系词”. 因此在句中如果已有先行词，则不能用what，而只能用that(which)，如没有先行词，则用what。what是 一个没有先行词的关系词。 定语从句练习 一. 用适当的关系词填空： 1. We are learning English, a language _____ is used in many places in the world. 2. Most Americans love Chinese food, ____ is cooked in a different way from western food. 3. This magazine belongs to the teacher ____ teaches us history. 4. Anyone ____ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing. 5. Anyone ____ has a cold should have a good rest. 6. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month. 7. The medicine _____ he bought is good for your health. 8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday. 9. Tom is trying to read in the room _____ the others are watching TV. 10. We won’t forget the day _____the hero was killed. 11. The student _____ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest. 12. The newspaper ____ you are reading is two days old. 13. Do you remember the time _______ we got lost in the park? 14. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent together in the army camp. 15. They are building a hospital on the street ___ we used to live. 16. The present _____ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened. 17. Happiness is one of the things _____ money cannot buy. 18. This is the hospital ______ her mother works. 19. I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the League. 20. The house ________ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt. 21. The man _______ wife died last year has gone to Japan.