国六排放标准 China VI vehicle emission standards

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国六排放标准China VI vehicle emission standards

Sales and registrations of new vehicles in regions including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hebei province and Guangdong province now have to comply with the "China VI" vehicle emission standards, which is believed to be one of the world's strictest rules on automobile pollutants.

北京、上海、天津、河北、广东等地区销售和登记注册的新车都需符合国六排放标准,该标准被认为是全世界最严格的机动车污染物排放标准之一。

【知识点】

国六排放标准(China VI vehicle emission standards)全称为“国家第六阶段机动车污染物排放标准(China's stage 6 vehicle emission standards)”,分为对轻型车以及重型柴油车两类标准,全称分别为《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)(Stage 6 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles)》,以及重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)(Stage 6 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles)》。由环境保护部、国家质检总局分别于2016年12月23日、2018年6月22日发布。其中,轻型汽车(light-duty vehicles)指包括轻型汽油车(light-duty gasoline vehicles)、轻型燃气车(light-duty natural gas vehicles)、轻型柴油车(light-duty diesel vehicles)和轻型两

用燃料汽车(light-duty dual-fuel vehicles)。轻型车国六标准采用分步实施的方式,设置国六a和国六b两个排放限值方案,分别于2020年和2023年实施。

自2019年7月1日起,北京市重型燃气车(heavy-duty natural gas vehicles)以及公交和环卫重型柴油车(heavy-duty diesel buses and cleaning vehicles)执行国六b排放标准;自2020年1月1日起,轻型汽油车(light-duty gasoline vehicles)和重型柴油车(heavy-duty diesel vehicles)执行国六b排放标准。According to official data, emissions from some 6.21 million vehicles were responsible for45 percent of Beijing's concentration of small, breathable particles known as PM2.5, a key indicator of air pollution.

根据官方数据,约621万辆汽车的排放量占北京空气污染关键指标PM2.5浓度的45%。

相比国五标准,轻型车国六b标准限值加严了40%至50%;增加了实际道路行驶排放控制要求(real-world driving emission requirements);蒸发排放控制要求更加严格(evaporative emission-control requirements),排放限值降低了65%,需安装车载加油油气回收系统(Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery, ORVR),对加油过程的油气排放进行控制(refueling emission control);同时增加了排放质保期的要求,低温排放试验一氧化碳(CO)

和碳氢(HC)限值(low-temperature testing requirement and emission limits for CO and THC)加严1/3,并引入了严格的车载诊断系统(on-board diagnostics)控制要求。

重型车国六b标准与国五标准相比,大幅加严了污染物排放限值,氮氧化物(NOx)加严了77%,颗粒物(Particle Matter)加严了67%,新增颗粒物个数(particulate number)和氨(ammonia)的限值,此外,提出更加严格的自动监控要求和排放油耗联合管控的要求。2018年6月27日,国务院正式印发《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》,对积极调整运输结构(adjust transportation systems),发展绿色交通体系(advance green transport)等方面做出要求。其中提出:“2019年7月1日起,重点区域、珠三角地区、成渝地区提前实施国六排放标准。推广使用达到国六排放标准的燃气车辆。”

【相关词汇】

生物燃料biofuel

化石燃料fossil fuel

新能源new energy

可再生能源renewable energy

碳足迹carbon footprint

机动车排放标准automobile emission standards

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ammonia [əˈməʊniə] n-uncount

Ammonia is a colourless liquid or gas with a strong, sharp smell.

It is used in making household cleaning substances.

车载加油油气回收系统Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery, ORVR 车载加油油气回收系统,是一种车辆排放控制系统,它能够收集加油过程中从油箱中挥发出来的燃油蒸气。

An Onboard refueling vapor recovery system is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds during refueling. There are two types of vehicle emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. Without either of these two systems, fuel vapors trapped inside gas tanks would be released into the atmosphere, each time refueling of the vehicle occurred. However, an ORVR system is able to retain those emissions, delivering them to the vehicle's activated carbon-filled canister and then to dispose of those vapors by adding them to the engine's inlet manifold and the stream of fuel supplying the engine, during normal operation. The goal behind implementing the ORVR system throughout the U.S. is to eventually make the Stage II systems obsolete.

车载加油蒸汽回收系统是一种车辆燃油蒸汽排放控制系统,可在加油过程中捕获挥发性有机化合物。有两种类型的车辆排放控制系统:ORVR 和二级蒸汽回收系统。如果没有这两个系统中的任何一个,每次车辆加

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