英美文学第三章1
英美文学导论-Chapter 3 Henry Fielding
Realistic novelists tell the reader about the ordinary people, about their thoughts; feelings and struggles. Instead of the life of kings and feudal lords, the whole life in its ordinary aspects of the middle class became a major source of interest in English literature in 18th century.
3.
The History of Tom Jones, Foundling 《汤姆·琼斯》，1749. 汤姆·琼斯》 1749.
a
This novel is Fielding's masterpiece, which gives us a vivid and truthful panoramic picture of the 18th century England. It has touched upon all kinds of people and social problems, and shows the author's great sympathy for the poor and the oppressed, and his dislike for the wicked and deceitful persons and their bad and terrible actions.
Novels :
The novel is the book length story in prose about either imaginary or historical character. Generally speaking, novels describe characters and incidents as they actually are in real life. A large number of modern novels describe social and economic conditions in detail and show how these conditions determine the fate of the characters. Novelists of this kind, who reflect life as it is, belong to the school of realism.
美国文学简史常耀信版Chapter_3_The_Literature___of_Romanticism
3
American Romanticism
The
Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
1).Walter Scott: Waverly novels, The Lady of the Lake 2).Byron: Oriental romances 3).Gothic tradition, the cult of solitude and of gloom
8
Romanticism
started
ended
Backgrounds of American Romanticism
National
influences influences
International
6
National Influences
A. In politics: democracy and political equality lay the foundation of Romanticism; B. In economics: the spread of industrialism; the sudden influx of immigration and the pioneers pushing the frontier further west; C. In culture: the publication of Webster’s Dictionary marked the beginning of the American English; the appearance of many magazines and newspapers.
英美文学各章要点总结中英对照
Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. 2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. 3.Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see thathuman beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. 4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the Englishhumanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. 5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(3)-1
自考《英美文学选读》（英）现代文学时期（3）-1Ⅱ。
John Galsworthy (1867-1933)一。
一般识记His life：John Galsworthy was born into an upper-middle class family. He was educated first at Harrow and then at Oxford. After practising the law for a short time，he turned to literature.二。
识记His major works：He published his first book，From the Four Winds (a volume of short stories)，in 1897 under the pseudonym of John Sinjohn. The experiences of his wife’s unhappy life of the first marriage were reflected in The Man of Property (1906)，which，together with his first p1ay，The Silver Box (1906)，established him as a prominent novelist and playwright in the public mind. After the First Wor1d War he completed The Forsyte Saga，his first trilogy：The Man of Property，In Chancery (1920) and To Let (1921)。
His second Forsyte trilogy，A Modern Comedy，appeared in 1929，and the third，End of the Chapter，posthumous1y in 1934.三。
英美文学选读第三章笔记Romantic period
第三章I.Multiple choice1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thoughtthat designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to seethe individual as the very center of all life and all experience在文學歷史上，浪漫主義認為個人應是生命及實踐的中心。
我們還可以說浪漫主義是將人們的注意力從外部世界---社會文明移到內部世界---人類自已的精神文明的實質2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake ,wordsworth,coleridge,Byron, Shelley and Keats are the marjor poets. Theystarted a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regardas the peotic revolution浪漫主義是詩歌的時代，代表詩人有布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟慈. 他們發起了對新古典主義的反判，這便是後世所稱“詩人革命”3.In the romantic period, Poetry is the most prosperous 繁榮literary form浪漫主義時代也是詩歌的時代4.in the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry intomaturity?Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的結合一詩標志著威廉布萊克創作上的成熟, 該詩創作於法國大革命高潮期間，並擔負諷喻與革命預言的兩重角色，在這首詩中，布萊克探索了對立事物之間的關系，吸引與排拆，理智與精力，愛與恨等對立事物都對人類生存有著舉足輕重的作用，布萊克認為生活就是不斷的對立沖突，如給與和索取，善與惡，天真純樸與經驗世故，肉體與精神等，他認為沒有對立的矛盾，就不會有社會與個人的進步，婚姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調和，並非一方從屬另一方5.The declaration that “ I know that This World is a World ofImagination&Vision” and that “ the Nature of my work is visionary orimaginative” belong to which of the following writingWilliam Blake生活在革命啟示光輝中的布萊克熱切的宣布：“我認為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻象6.In William Blake’s peotry, the father (and any other in whose he saw theimage of the father such as God&his Priest, &King) was usually a figure oftyranny 專治7.the Lone of literature in “Songs of Experience” by William Blake is doleful經驗之歌描寫了一個充滿苦難，貧窮，疾病與戰爭的世界而天真之歌描寫了一個愉快而純潔的世界，盡管著這世界偶有苦難與罪惡8.William Wordsworth is reagrades as a “worshipper of nature”華爾華茲從少年時代，他就對大自然充滿愛戀, 被稱為“大自然的膜拜者”，我如行雲獨自遊“一詩是英國詩中的奇葩，把我們帶入華茲華斯詩歌宗旨的核心9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如行雲獨自遊posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特橋上有感C.The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的收割者D.The Chimney Sweeper 掃煙窗的孩子william black10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems aboutnature and poems about human life按照主題，華的短詩可以分為兩大類，關於自然的關於人類生活的11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?Iyrical Ballads(抒情歌謠集) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and WilliamWordsworth科勒律治合作的抒情歌謠集, 革命與獨立則成為抒情歌謠集中成功的結論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次12.Coleridge’s peoms”the rime of the ancient mariner, christabel and kublakhan are known as Demonic group包括他的三部代表作古航海家之歌，克麗斯特貝爾以及忽必烈汗這些詩歌的顯著特點，便是神秘與想象，詩歌的背景都設在詩人的記憶與夢幻之中，故事的發生，發展與絲毫不受理性的羈絆，這類詩歌的他作目的是將詩人自覺的意識與神的寬恕相調和13.Place me on Sumium’s marbled steep 讓我登上蘇尼姆大理石般的懸崖Where nothingSave the waves and I 那裡隻有海浪與我May hear our mutual murmurs sweep 能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過There,swan like, let me sing and die 在那裡，象天鵝一樣，讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine 一個奴棣的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down you cup of Samian wine 把那杯薩莫斯的酒摔下These lines are taken fromThe Isles of Greece Byron拜爾的西臘島, 節選自唐璜14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19thcentury唐璜是19世紀初斯的著名諷刺史詩15.In his lyrics 抒情詩such as “Ode 頌to Liberty”” Ode to Naples”, PercyBysshe Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred towardtyranny 專治，暴政雪萊對自由的渴望及對暴政的憎惡都體現在詩作中，如自由頌，那不勒斯頌16.Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere 狂野的精靈，你吹遍四方Destroyer and preserver 毀滅者和保存者，Hear, O hear! 聽啊聽Two lines are found inOde to the west wind by shelley 西風頌，雪萊17.In Shelley’s “ To a Skylark”致雲雀the bird , suspended between realityand poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the Poet Both celestial rapture and human limitation18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic dramaPrometheus Unbound雪萊最有造詣的作品是他的四幕詩劇—解放了的普羅米修斯, 詩劇源於希臘神話及古希臘悲劇家埃斯庫羅斯的劇作“被縛的普羅米修斯”，普羅米修斯為人類的生存盜取天火，被刀神之王宙斯拴縛在高加索山上，飽受折磨，雪萊在序言中指出，他雖然沿用埃斯庫羅斯的情節，卻改變了普羅米修斯與宙斯和解的結局，而是將暴君趕下寶座，換來新生的宇宙天地，詩中普羅修斯與天帝的鬥爭表現了法國大革命失敗後，英國與歐洲資產階級革命家對封建反動勢力的不滿與反抗情緒。
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]
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自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。
外国文学第三章总结(全)
第三章文艺复兴时期文学第一节概述文艺复兴：从１４－１７世纪初欧洲许多国家先后发生的文化和思想上的深刻变革。
意大利是文艺复兴的发源地。
文艺复兴的核心思想是人文主义特征：主要在于它的世俗性，与封建文化的宗教性质截然相反。
人文主义肯定人是生活的创造者和主人，他们要求文学艺术表现人的思想和感情，科学对人生谋福利，教育要发展人的个性，即要求把思想、感情、智慧都从神学的束缚中解放出来。
因此，人文主义的学者和艺术家提倡了人性以反对神性，提倡人权以反对神权，提倡个性自由以反对人身依附。
他们反对宗教禁欲主义和来世观念，歌颂世俗生活，蔑视天堂；主张个性解放，宣扬个人现世幸福高于一切。
同时人文主义者蔑视贵族的世家出身，嘲笑僧侣的愚昧无知，痛斥经院哲学和神秘主义，提倡理性、探索自然，追求科学知识。
另外人文主义者还拥护国家集权以利发展经济，反对分裂和外来干涉，要求民族独立统一。
人文主义文学的特征：以人文主义思想为内容,更具民族特点；创作方法上注重写实体裁上，出现十四行诗体、短篇小说、长篇小说、打破悲喜剧界限的的戏剧、随笔式的散文等。
意大利文学文艺复兴早期的文学“三杰”：但丁、彼特拉克、薄伽丘彼特拉克：被成为“文艺复兴之父”“诗圣”代表作：《歌集》以新的手法和新的观念开创了人文主义的新型抒情诗薄伽丘及《十日谈》艺术成就：１、是欧洲文学史上第一部现实主义巨著，塑造了社会各阶层人物的群像，宣扬了人文主义思想。
２、开创短篇小说的完整形式并使用独特的框型结构。
３、运用讽刺手法。
４、用方言写成，语言新鲜活泼。
法国文学“七星诗社”杜•贝雷、龙沙散文家蒙田：《随笔集》第二节拉伯雷及其《巨人传》主人公：高康大、庞大固埃艺术成就：１、文风洒脱，突破了民间故事和史诗的格局，为长篇小说这一新的艺术形式奠定了基础。
２、率先塑造了近代小说中的“个性化”人物。
如巴奴日，是法国文学中的第一个市民典型。
３、讽刺艺术的一代宗师，善于运用漫画式的艺术夸张。
４、全部采用民间语言。
英美文学Chapter 3
6. Main representatives:
• ①Main representatives—poets: • Pre-Romanticism: (Blake and Burns) • The first generation: (Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey) • The younger generation: (Byron, Shelley and Keats)
3. The definition, duration and characteristics of the Romanticism:
• ①The definition: • The Romantic Movement, which associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas, is simply the expression of life as seen by the imagination rather than by prosaic common sense. • The contrast between Romanticism and Neoclassicism: • Romanticism: associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas • Neoclassicism: associated with order, common sense and controlled reason
Chapter 3: The Romantic Period
• Internationally, • ①The French Revolutions: --the great event, arouse great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and Conservatives, they all declared Liberty, Equality and Fraternity • ②Rousseau--the great French Philosopher. Influence by Rousseau, the writers began to explore the new ideas about Nature, Society and Education • These paved the way for the development of Romanticism in the literature internationally
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Class Twenty-two & Twenty-three Jack London Theodore Dreiser Wu Xiang 2012.5.16/7
Quizz
1. William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was _______, O. Henry was a famous short story writer in the history of American literature.
1. Which statements about O. Henry are right? A. He wrote about the poor people. B. His stories are usually short and humorous. C. The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting. D. The ends of his stories are always surprising---"O.Henry Twist". E. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.
2. Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people in _________, New York as well as in other places. The Four Million 3.________________, O. Henry's masterpiece, indicates that he considered all the people in New York worth writing about, and not simply the upper "Four Hundred".
Works
Fiction: Sister Carrie (1900) Jannie Gerhardt (1911): a sequel of Sister Carrie "Trilogy of Desire" (Cowperwood trilogy): The Financier (1912); The Titan(1914); The Stoic (1947) The "Genius" (1915) An American Tragedy (1925) Nonfiction: Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928)
Man is, to Theodore Dreiser, only a "mechanism" reacting to "chemic compulsions", and human tragedy comes as a result of the collision between man's biological needs and society's ruthless manipulation.
Works
London was a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers and wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics such as his dystopian novel, The Iron Heel (1908) and
2. Choose the famous short stories written by O. Henry. A. "The Gift of the Magi" B."A Municipal Report" C."An Unfinished Story" D."Phoebe" E. "A Lickpenny Lover" F. "The Finished Room" G. "The Cop and The Anthem" H."The Last Leaf"
his non-fiction exposé, The People of the Abyss (1903); The War of the Classes(1905) and Revolution(1910).
பைடு நூலகம்
collection of stories: The Son of the Wolf (1900) The Call of the Wild (1903) The Sea Wolf (1904) White Fang(1906) Martin Eden (1909)
Quizz
Henry James probed deeply into the individual 1. ____________ psychology fo his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scruting of complex human experiecne. 2. Henry James' fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with___. B A. Stream of Consciousness B. international theme C. point of view D. American dream 3. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James. D A. The Ambassodors B. The Golden Bowl C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Sea Wolf
Jack London(1876-1916)
John Griffith "Jack" London: one of the most articulate and militant spokesman of the working class at the turn of the 20th C; a leading figure of Naturalism.
Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)
an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm moral code.