英语定语从句关系代词用法
英语语法专项:关系代词的用法

关系代词•1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。
它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。
)2、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物,见表:•例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)★关系代词的用法1、关系代词的句法功能1)关系代词在句中作主语例如:I prefer music that/which has great lyrics2)关系代词在句中作宾语例如:I like music that I can sing along with.3)关系代词在句中作表语例如:The house is not the one (that) it used to be.2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语例如:Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?3、关系代词的用法1)who和whom的用法:二者都用于指人。
Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom 在定语从句中作宾语。
Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语,而who则不能。
例如:I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a partyin the shopping center yesterday.2)whose的用法:一般指人,有时也指物。
定语从句.-关系代词和关系副词的用法

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
一)关系代词的用法1.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作)2.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与明谈话的老师是谁?(作)3. that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作)4.Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
定语从句中关系代词的用法

定语从句中关系代词的用法在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的词)之后。
定语从句由关系词来引导,关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:1)引导定语从句;2)代替先行词;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。
如:The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中which my uncle had just bought是定语从句,修饰先行词the car;which是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the car,在定语从句中作宾语。
表一:关系代词的用法表二:用which不用that的情况表三:只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物)表四:关于as引导的定语从句2.有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时,却不用when/where而用that/which引导。
这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。
如果是及物的就可用that(which),否则可用where。
例如:I will remember the days that/which we spent together.我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the factory that/which you visited yesterday.这就足你昨天参观的工厂。
3.way作先行词时,关系代词的使用:I don’t like the way(that/in which)he treats his parents.我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。
4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同:The news that he told us is true.(定语从句)他告诉我们的新闻是真的。
定语从句关系词的用法

定语从句关系词的用法定语从句关系词的用法定语从句关系词怎么用?下面是店铺为大家收集整理的定语从句关系词的用法相关内容,欢迎阅读。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
关系代词在定语从句中的用法

关系代词在定语从句中的用法一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律:1)who,whom,that用来指人,who,that在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不能省,做宾语时可以省,whom只能做宾语,也可以省。
eg: I love singers who/that write their own lyrics.(作主语)The man (who/whom/that) you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。
(作宾语)The man who /that gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.(作主语)She is the old woman( whom/that/who )I saw this morning. (作宾语)2)whose既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物,一般置于名词前,在从句中充当定语。
eg: his is the girl whose math book is lost.这就是丢了数学书的女孩。
(指人,作定语)The house whose windows are closed is mine.窗户都关着的这栋房子就是我家。
(指物,作定语)3)which,that用来指代事物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
eg: They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water.(指物,作主语)The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh.(指物,作宾语)The train which/that has just left is for Shanghai. (指物,作主语) The noodles (which/that )I cooked were delicious .(指物,作宾语)二、注意在下面几种情况下必须用that而不用which引导定语从句:①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。
定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法在英语中,定语从句是一种常见的句子结构,用来修饰名词或代词,并且从句中包含一个关系词(关系代词或关系副词)。
这些关系词有不同的用法,本文将详细讨论关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法。
一、关系代词的用法关系代词在定语从句中可以替代一个名词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或介词宾语,并且与先行词有着相同的数和人称形式。
常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose。
1. 关系代词作主语在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从句的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。
例:The book that is on the table is mine.(这本放在桌子上的书是我的。
)2. 关系代词作宾语在定语从句中,当关系代词作宾语时,它所代表的先行词是动词的直接宾语。
如果先行词是人,可以使用who或whom,如果先行词是物,则使用that或which。
例:I met the girl who/whom you introduced to me yesterday.(我昨天见了你给我介绍的那个女孩。
)3. 关系代词作介词宾语当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,关系代词之前的介词通常不能省略。
例:This is the park in which/where we often go for a walk.(这是我们经常去散步的公园。
)4. 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用来引导从句,用来补充说明或者给出进一步的信息。
这时的关系代词只能用which或who,而不能使用that。
例:Michael Jordan, who is a famous basketball player, retired in 2003.(迈克尔·乔丹,一个著名的篮球运动员,在2003年退役。
)二、关系副词的用法关系副词在定语从句中用来引导从句,修饰先行词的名词。
【高中英语】高中英语语法:定语从句关系代词的用法

【高中英语】高中英语语法:定语从句关系代词的用法【编者按】为广大考生朋友整理了英语语法要点,同学一起来学习吧!定语从句中关系代词的选择主要由先行词决定。
当先行词是代表一个人的名词或代词时,关系代词通常是who,that,who;当先行词是表示某事的名词或代词时,关系代词通常使用that,which;当先行词既有代表事物的名词或代词,又有代表人的名词或代词时,关系代词通常使用它。
具体的次级诉讼如下:1、关系代词who的用法:who“谁”,用来表示人,在定语从句中作主语。
这里的who一般可以用that来替换。
[例1]杰克,办公室里有个人想和你说话。
(福建省厦门市,2022年)a.whob.whichc.whom【研究】先行词是“某人”。
定语从句中的主语是关系代词,所以选项B和C不包括在内。
所以选择a。
这里的谁可以被它取代。
2、关系代词that的用法:that的具体意思由先行词的意思决定,它可以表示人,也可以表示物。
作主语表示人时,that和who一般可以互换;作宾语表示人时,that和whom 一般可以互换;作主语、宾语表示物时,that和which一般可以互换,而且都可以省略。
【例2】这位科学家和他的成就——YoutoldMeaboutareaddmiredbyusall。
(广东梅州,2022年)a.thatb.whichc.whod.whose【研究】先行词是“科学家及其成就”,意思是人和事。
在定语从句中,它被用作主语或宾语,只有那一个。
所以选择a。
【例3】theboy_______italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.(广西桂林,2022年)a.whichb.thatc.whosed.where【研究】先行词是“the boy”,意思是人是宾语,答案a是事物,答案C和D分别是定语和状语,所以选择B。
这里可以用who代替(可以省略)。
【例4】thebook_______heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(2021年河北省)a、 B.whyc whend。
定语从句关系代词用法

根据提示完成句子。
4. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。 worked This is the factory in which _____ we once ______.
5. 街道好多个星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很 脏。 The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very ______. dirty _____ 6. 他是这间学校里唯一一个懂法语的老师。 one of the teachers who _____ knows He is the only _______ French in our school.
3. 先行词是I, you, he, they (常在谚语中) 等
语法归纳 定语从句 (一)
四、关系代词as与which在使用上的区别
1. 位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首,也可 放在主句中或主句后;而which只能位于主句后。 2. 意义不同。as (正如,就像) 表示符合人们认识事 物的习惯等;而当从句与主句之间是因果关系时用 which。
who/that
that/which 定语从句缺少主语,不能省略 定语从句缺少主语,不能省略
4. The key opens the bike is missing.
5. The book that you need it is in the library.
从句的宾语是关系代词that
根据提示完成句子。
改正句子并分析
1. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
定语从句省略了关系词whom. who或that
2. Those who has finished may go home.
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5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。
We often talk about the people and the
things that we are interested in.
6.当主句是who,which或what时,避免重复。 Which is the pen that you bought?
✓Whom 作定语从句的宾语
The woman Whom/that they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
✓who 可以作定语从句的 主语
✓whom可以作定语从句的宾语 ✓that 可以作定语从句的主语 和宾语,既可指人也可指物.
1. I have a friendw_h_o_/_t_h_a_t_ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t_ I gave her.
3. The manw__h_o_s_e_ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
7.当先行词作主句的表语时。
It’s a sunny day that we are longing for.
8.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
This is the very beautiful girl that I’m looking for.
被定语从句修饰的词
关系词:
引导定语从句的词
关系词位置: 先行词后
与先行词关系: 代替先行词,在从句中充当句 子成分
关系词分类: 关系代词,关系副词 定语从句的位置:在先行词后
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词
which, who, whom, whose, that
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.
Mary is a girl. The girl has long hair.
合并为一 个句子
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
定语从句: 由一个句子充当定语
先行词:
重点/难点/考点:关系词
确定关系词步骤:
1,分解句子 2,确定先行词 3,根据先行词/在从句中的成 分确定关系词
考点:确定关系词
✓当先行词是物时:
用which 或that引导.
Tip: 1,分解句子 2,确定先行词 3,根据先行词确定关系词
These are the trees which/that were planted last year.
语
关系
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
从 句
代词
指物 that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语)
的
引
where (地点状语)
导 词
关系 副词
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
The man Who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
分解
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语
Tip: 1,分解句子 2,确定先行词 3,根据先行词确定关系词
7. Is there anything __th__a_t___ you want
to buy in the town.
8.All _t_h_a_t__ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _th__a_t_ stands up is a
little boy.
Everything (that) we saw in the film was OK.
3.当先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every, no等修饰时
I have eaten all the food that is left.
4.当先行词是There be句可
省略.
The woman(wwhhoomm// tthhaatt)they wanted to visit is a teacher.
Tip: 1,分解句子 2,确定先行词 3,根据先行词确定关系词
✓whose :先行词和从句的主语是从属
关系,在定语从句中做定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a
teacher.
分解
I know the girl. The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
➢下列情况只能用that
1.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行 词时。 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
2. 当先行词是指物的不定代词时。 everything,anything,something,nothing,n one,the one, little,few,much,any,all.
These are the trees. 分解
The trees are planted last year.
考点:关系词的使用
✓当先行词是人时:
用who(主语),whom(宾语) 或that引导.
Tip: 1,分解句子 2,确定先行词 3,根据先行词确定关系词
✓关系代词who 作定语从句的主语.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
Summary
在句子中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由 关系代词或关系副词引导,并作句子成分
定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。
定
指人 who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),
定语从句
定语从句 (Attributive clause)
➢概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
合并句子:
1.The man is a farmer. 2.The man is speaking at the meeting.
Translation
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. My parents live in a house_w_h__ic_h_/_t_h_a_t
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _w_h__o_m__ John spoke is
my brother.
6. Kevin is reading a book w__h_i_ch__/t_h_a_t_ is too difficult for him.