2020年高考分类题库考点3阅读理解(2)

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一、科普知识类 ....................................................................................................................................................- 1 -二、广告宣传类 ..................................................................................................................................................- 36 -四、人物传记类 ..................................................................................................................................................- 57 -五、文化教育类 ..................................................................................................................................................- 67 -六、社会生活类 ................................................................................................................................................- 100 -七、环境保护类 ................................................................................................................................................- 186 -八、文学艺术类 ................................................................................................................................................- 202 -考点3 阅读理解一、科普知识类(2014·重庆卷·C)话题:生活 词数:259w　难度:★★★★ The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thingwithout artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our masspushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. However, several types of animals can walk on water.One of themost interesting is the common basiliskBasilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting thewater’s surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps persecond to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,we’d need hugefeet that we could bring up to our ears in order to createadequate“hitting”. But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot),you can create a“non-Newtonian”liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子)in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour. Fun though all this may sound,it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

水上行走虽然非常有趣,从理论来说是可能的,但在实践中是不切实际的,这主要是由人体的局限性造成的。

44.Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans .A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitationsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing...可知,水上行走不能实现是由人体的局限性造成的。

45.What do we know aboutBasilicus basilicusfrom the passage?A.It is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的It can run across water...will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.可知,Basilicus basilicus可以以一定的速度在水上跑。

46.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的particles in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard可知,玉米粉的功能是形成浓厚的液体,以形成坚硬的表面。

47.What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’walking on water?A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.【解析】选D。

观点态度题。

根据最后一段中的Fun though all this may sound,it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.可知,作者认为水上行走虽然从理论来说是可能的,但是不切实际。

(2014·辽宁卷·C)话题:树木生存法则 词数:267W 难度:★★★Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌)networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,itaffects all.Simard talks about“mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didn’t take any notice ofit,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了与达尔文的“适者生存论”相反的how tree societies work这一新发现。