大学英语之泛读第一册6~10单元答案

Cloze -- Passage 6Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday.A medical study of ____1____ 4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when they were ____2____the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer."This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term ____3____effect on cancer risk in adulthood," Dr. Maria Maynard of the Medical Research Council in London said.All of the adults in the study had filled in a food ____4____during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in ____5____and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been ____6____. In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was ____7____with a lower death rate from all causes.Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic ____8____that can lead to the development of cancer.The scientists also studied the ____9____of vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any ____10____that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit.A) impact B) efficiency C) associatedD) insert E) protective F) furthermoreG) decent H) diagnosed I) damageJ) young K) inventory L) ruralM) nearly N) evidence O) grabCloze -- Passage 7Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life.According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more productive, and more ____1____ than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years.Because success is usually linked to better health, "this is the first ____2____ever that success is not associated with improved ____3____," says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the study.Researchers ____4____down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago.To explain the ____5____findings, he offers two theories. The first is the "work-to-death hypothesis."According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more ____6____to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep.Screenwriters don't have a boss to report to, which brings into ____7____Redelmeier's second explanation, the "party-hearty hypothesis.""When you become a successful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a ____8____your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity," he says.Redelmeier hopes his study will ____9____how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle."The bottom line," he says, "is that greater success may ____10____lead to worse health if people fail to look after themselves."A) longevity B) flourish C) aptD) sometimes E) tracked F) respectedG) account H) miracle I) occupationJ) puzzling K) stress L) consequenceM) internal N) fairly O) restrainedCloze -- Passage 8After intensive research, scientists have concluded that politicians lie.In a study described in Britain's Observer newspaper, Glen Newey, a political scientist at Britain's University of Strathclyde, concluded that lying is an important part of ____1____ in the modern democracy."Politicians need to be more honest about lying," he told the newspaper.According to Newey, voters expect to be lied to in certain circumstances, and sometimes even ____2____it."Politics should be regarded as less like an exercise in producing ____3____statements and more like a poker game," he said. "And there is an expectation by a poker player that you try to ____4____them as part of the game."Newey said lying by politicians can occasionally be ____5____justified, such as when national security is at____6____, and the public even has a "right to be lied to" in cases where they do not expect to be told the whole truth, such as during a war.But the main cause of lying is increased ____7____by the public into areas that the government would rather not discuss candidly. If voters only asked fewer questions, politicians would tell them fewer lies.Bill Clinton ____8____lied about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, while earlier philandering（追逐女人的）U.S. presidents never had to lie about their ____9____, because nobody ever asked."When ____10____or parliamentary colleagues start to probe at that area which the government wants to keep secret, you are more likely to be pushed further and further toward the territory of lying," Newey said.A) famously B) require C) politicsD) miserable E) intermediate F) journalistsG) representing H) affairs I) mechanismJ) truthful K) faithfully L) probingM) deceive N) risk O) entirelyCloze -- Passage 9Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is ____1____ not the kind of place where most men would choose to live. But man has always moved to new areas.Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more ____2____. Some large ____3____are very easy to do in a place without air. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without ____4____change when it is in such a place. Air, dust, and clouds cannot ____5____man‘s view of space from the moon. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to ____6____spaceship.Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself. Man would be in control of the ____7____of life in which he lives. ____8____could be removed from the air in this community.Gravity is the one thing that would not be under man‘s control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be ____9____for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good ____10____.A) community B) condition C) launchD) insight E) chemical F) mysteriousG) experiments H) probably I) healthfulJ) easily K) extend L) renderM) promptly N) block O) bacteriaCloze -- Passage 10Most people think of sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack swimmers. There are a lot of wrong ideas about sharks.First, there are about 350 ____1____ of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in ____2____from the dwarf shark, which can be only six inches long and can be held in the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 5 feet long.The second ____3____of shark concerns its terrible teeth whose number and type can vary greatly among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven ____4____of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the cruel and predatory species do have ____5____sharp teeth used to ____6____and cut their victim apart, many other types of shark, however, have teeth more ____7____to holding than to cutting.Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to ____8____out at humans. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and a shark seldom ____9____ humans unless is made angry. The types of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no ____10____instances of attacks on humans.A) attacks B) negotiate C) sizeD) declaration E) remote F) knownG) misunderstanding H) notifying I) extremelyJ) species K) sets L) henceM) tear N) strike O) suitableCareful Reading – Passage 6Hazel asks how one can stay healthy working the hours I've been working. Here's one thing that helps: don't do it forever! My work is always more than forty hours a week, but these periods of never stopping and sleep deprivation don't go on for very long at a time. The last five weeks or so have been particularly busy, and the last two before a major vote especially so.Most organizers, under the pressure, resort to bad coping mechanisms like overeating, smoking, or drinking too much. It's so easy to think that a quick fix like that will make you feel better, when in the long run it makes you feel worse. I found that keeping low calorie really helped me maintain my mental focus in the last days. There's something about eating just on the lighter side of what I really need that makes me calmer and sharper.Planning is really the key. We made the appetizing muffins over the July 4th weekend, and they were really a health-saver in these last two weeks. Being able to pull a 275 calorie package of perfectly zoned yumminess out of the freezer, engineered to have 27% of the RDA (Recommended daily allowance) of everything, made grabbing healthy food in a hurry easy. I had appetizing muffins for breakfasts on most days with such toppings as hot sauce, mustard, and fat free cream cheese. I really enjoy this little bread, so I felt like I was feasting instead of feeling deprived. Since my husband packs my lunch time salad, filled with an amazing array of greens that pack a nutritional punch along with pumpkin seeds for zinc and fat and eggwhites for protein, I had lunches taken care of. And I was lucky enough to be working in a place that has a convenient Subway, so Subway salads and low carb wraps were always available. Subway can really be a blessing to the health conscious on the run.The good news is: WE WON!!! And we won big. 272 votes for us, 128 for the other union, and only 19 for no union at all. It was a fight up until the end, including threats of violence from the other union. Don't worry, Mommies and Daddies out there. I was very careful never to be alone anywhere, I am being extra cautious. Our leaders inside the hospital were under a ton of pressure as they got attacked by both management and the other union, but so many of their co-workers were supportive that they held up beautifully. Now they finally have a chance to negotiate a contract that gets them the kind of salaries, benefits and working conditions they deserve. It's about time.I'm off to a meeting to plan next steps... the fun never ends!1. In order to stay healthy while working busily, the author suggests that __________.A. we should work no more than forty hours a weekB. we should try to get rid of the working pressureC. we should try to avoid sleep deprivation and fast foodD. we should stop working and make up for sleep at times2. The author keeps low calorie by __________.A. excluding greasy food from her dietB. eating less than necessaryC. taking up a nutritious recipeD. having no more than three meals a day3. What did the author eat for supper?A. Salad and low carb wraps bought in the Subway.B. Appetizing muffins with diverse toppings.C. Green salad with pumpkin seeds and eggwhites.D. A nutritional punch prepared by her husband.4. Being an organizer, the author works for __________.A. an election committeeB. a charity fundC. a labor unionD. a hospital management5. ―Mommies and Daddies out there‖ were worried __________.A. about the author‘s personal safetyB. that the author‘s union would fail in the electionC. about the opposition in the hospitalD. that the author couldn‘t get through the pressureCareful Reading – Passage 7Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San Francisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people arethere, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly (unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure can't quite offer a vision of renewable-energy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasting houses. It's not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples.Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs, or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. Such citizens, I suspect, would argue about the color-coordination of the shoes and handbag of the person in front of them in the line, like sheep, to the slaughterhouse. For they are already there in line, as they want to know badly what's on cable TV and what's in the freezer to eat. They may get what they want tonight, and again, and again, but it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others' food? That depends on the area affected, the culture (urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size.Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel uneasy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are really kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, affordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more.Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the uncertainty and fright growing around our awakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic, radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that don't threaten the current life style (e.g., different engines), are called "green." Green this and green that. But the big "greening" will be the rediscovery of community and working with others as if our survival depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition as -- to borrow an expression from my late father – tits on a bull.1. What do the ―few people‖ do on top of the hill?A. They are the rich residents of the city.B. They are there to enjoy the natural beauty.C. They are attracted by the view of San Francisco BayD. They attack the tourists and rob them.2. In the aspect of sustainable energy, the author favors __________ most.A. oil-fueled tradeB. massive port facilitiesC. sailboatsD. passenger planes3. What does the author feel about the hills around Kyoto?A. They are worth appreciating.B. They are not well-lit at night.C. They provide us with the best living environment.D. They have scenes different from all the other hills.4. According to the author, the people who care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs are likely to __________.A. look at others with a critical eyeB. live a comparatively lavish lifeC. value environment protectionD. disregard their health conditions5. According to the third paragraph, the author was most disturbed by __________.A. the struggles of the hard-working peopleB. the public fund for health careC. the lack of affordable energy or materialsD. the outrageous social injustice6. The problems the author concerns can be solved __________.A. by our bosses and political leadersB. by the collaboration of communitiesC. with basic, radical but easy solutionsD. with genuinely ―green‖ initiativesCareful Reading – Passage 8Growing up as an Asian in Britain is much more than a question of facing discrimination and trying to find a decent job –especially for a girl. She has to keep a delicate balance between two cultures: her own (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, etc.) and the British.Seetha Crishna has written a booklet called Girls of Asian Origin in Britain. In it the girls she is most concerned with are those who are definitely different because they have gone through the British educational system and have therefore emerged with an identity which is distinct from that of their parents.―They speak English with regional English accents, they look comfortable in Western clothes, and they do not necessarily choose to work in a factory.‖But they are unmistakably Asian and they are still held by their Asian cultural roots. At home, an Asian girl may find herself conforming to the traditions and values of her parents, while at school she develops the attitudes and appetites of her British contemporaries.As a result, Seetha Crishna found girls existing at two levels – and inclined to question both. ―But unless they can successfully accept both, they will swing constantly from one level to the other, feeling trapped between the two – at considerable cost to their own confidence and happiness.‖For teenage girls, the main difficulty is to match the social life which their parents expect them to live with that enjoyed by their schoolmates. ―If an Asian girls is invited out to a party or to a film by someone her mother has not met, that person must come and meet her mother before permission is given – or refused. If a group of girls plan to go to the cinema, parents want them to be accompanied by brothers or male cousins, or even by an older relative or a trusted adult friend of the family.‖Friends are girl friends. ―Friends of the opposite sex simply do not exist, except for a brother‘s male friends, who fall into the category of brothers.‖In South Asia, all this is taken for granted and all girls are subject to the same rule. But in Britain an Asian girl can immediately see the difference between her own life and that of her English schoolmates, and this makes it seem unjust and unfair. Some parents are aware that this puts a strain on their daughters and are therefore prepared to turn a blind eye if the code is sometimes broken. But above all they are anxious to ―protect‖ the girls.1. Seetha Crishna is most concerned about girls of _________.A. East Asian originB. South Asian originC. British originD. non-British origin2. What is Not true about the Asian British parents?A. They speak English with their homeland accent.B. They make their living in Britain by working in a factory.C. They have never had any education in Britain.D. They preserve their native traditions and value at home.3. Seetha Crishna found that the girls are easily trapped between __________.A. their Asian home and British schoolB. the parent‘s culture and traditionsC. the Asian and the British valuesD. their confidence and happiness4. The Asian British teenage girls have the greatest problem with __________.A. the expectation of their parentsB. the British education systemC. their interaction with friendsD. their after-school activities5. The parents‘ primary concern is __________.A. whether their daughters have girl friends onlyB. whether their daughters are treated fairly in BritainC. to maintain the code of behavior in their daughtersD. to ensure their daughters against any dangersCareful Reading – Passage 9People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It‘s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibits certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as ―nature/nur ture‖.Those who support the ―nature‖ side of the conflict believe that out personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factor. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the ―nurture‖ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some ―nature‖proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem __________.A. why our personalities and behaviors differB. what makes different stages of intelligenceC. how social scientists form different theoriesD. what causes the ―nature/nurture‖ controversy2. The word ―proponents‖ can best be replaced by __________.A. approachesB. advocatesC. principlesD. characters3. Which of the following statement may be supported by the ―nature‖ school?A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.C. Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors.D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct.4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?A. They believe human beings are mechanical.B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.D. They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.5. The ―nature‖ theorists believe that the blacks‘ low scores __________.A. are the result of the educational disadvantagesB. are a manifestation of the blacks‘ poor intelligenceC. have nothing to do with their true intelligenceD. have nothing to do with factors other than heredityCareful Reading – Passage 10Archaeologists using DNA testing said they have identified a mummy discovered more than a century ago as Queen Hatshepsut, Egypt's most powerful female pharaoh.The discovery has not been independently reviewed by other experts.The mummy was discovered in 1903 in the Valley of the Kings, but it was left in place until two months ago. Archaeologists then took the mummy to the Cairo Museum for testing, said Egypt's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass.Hawass has been searching for the queen for about a year, setting up a DNA lab in the basement of the Cairo Museum. The study was funded by The Discovery Channel, which is set to air an exclusive documentary on the find in July.Hawass said the key clue was a molar. It was found in a jar bearing the queen's emblem and containing some of her well-preserved organs. The tooth fit a gap in the mummy's jaw. Hawass' team is still conducting DNA testing that they hope could help confirm the find."We are 100 percent certain" that the mummy is that of Hatshepsut, Hawass told The Associated Press.Hatshepsut ruled Egypt in the 15th century B.C. and was known for dressing like a man and wearing a false beard. When her reign ended, all traces of her disappeared. Her 22-year rule ended in 1453 B.C. and was the longest among ancient Egyptian queens.The mummy identified as Hatshepsut died in her 50s, Hawass said. He said she was obese and probably had diabetes and liver cancer. When the mummy was discovered, the left hand was positioned against her chest, which is a traditional sign of royalty in ancient Egypt.But other Egyptologists are not as certain that the mummy is Hatshepsut.Molecular biologist Scott Woodward, director of the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City, was cautious about the announcement."It's a very difficult process to obtain DNA from a mummy," Woodward said. "To make a claim as to a relationship, you need other individuals from which you have obtained DNA, to make a comparison between the DNA sequences."Such DNA material would typically come from parents or grandparents. With female mummies, the most common type of DNA to look for is the mitochondrial DNA that reveals maternal lineage, Woodward said.Molecular geneticist Yehia Zakaria Gad, who is part of Hawass' team, said DNA samples were taken from the mummy's pelvis and femur, so that more genetic tests can be run that compare the mummy to the queen's grandmother, Amos Nefreteri, who was previously identified. Gad said preliminary results are "very encouraging."Molecular biologist Paul Evans of the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, said the discovery would be remarkable if the mummy is indeed Hatshepsut."Hatshepsut is an individual who has a unique place in Egypt's history. To have her identified is on the same magnitude as King Tut's discovery," Evans said.Hatshepsut is believed to have stolen the throne from her young stepson, Thutmose III.Hatshepsut's funerary temple is located in ancient Thebes on the west bank of the Nile in Luxor, a multi-column sandstone temple built to serve as tribute to her power.But after her death, her name was erased from the records in what is believed to have been her stepson's revenge.She was one of the most prolific builder pharaohs of ancient Egypt, commissioning hundreds of projects throughout both Upper and Lower Egypt. Almost every major museum in the world today has a collection of Hatshepsut statues.1. What did Hawass reveal about his team‘s research of the mummy?A. They began to be interested in the mummy about a year ago.B. They have confirmed the mummy as Hatshepsut.C. They unearthed the mummy only two month ago.D. They keep the mummy in the basemen of the Cairo Museum.2. The Discovery Channel is most probably going to publicize the finding of Hawass‘ team __________.A. on a TV programB. in a magazine articleC. at a historical seminarD. as a research report3. The molar found in a jar is actually __________.A. the symbol of the royal familyB. one of the internal organsC. one of the mummy‘s teeth。