大学英语之泛读第一册1~5单元答案

The French division of McDonald's has run advertisements that included a surprising ____1____: Kids shouldn't eat at McDonald's more than once a week.The advertisements, ____2____ information from specialists, aim to show that "McDonald's meals are part of a balanced weekly diet," said Euro RSCG, the agency that came up with the ads, which appeared this spring, mostly in French women's magazines.Alongside quotes from specialists addressing ____3____ and diets for children, the ads described how McDonald's hamburgers are made of 100 percent real beef and cooked on a grill free of ____4____ oil.One ad placed in Femme Actuelle in April quoted a nutritionist who said, "there's no reason to ____5____ fast food, or visit McDonald's more than once a week."The McDonald's Corp., based in Oak Brook, Ill., said in a statement Wednesday that it "strongly ____6____" with the nutritionist quoted in the French advertisement."The vast majority of nutrition professionals say that McDonald's food can be and is a part of a healthy diet based on the sound nutrition ____7____ of balance, variety and moderation（适度）," the statement said.Since opening its first French branch in 1968, McDonald's has expanded ____8____ in France. More recently the multinational has come under fire from anti-globalization ____9____, farmers' groups, and in Paris, striking workers.Last year, sheep farmer-turned-activist Jose Bove became a standard-bearer for the French anti-globalization ____10____ when he led a group that ransacked（洗劫）a McDonald's in southern France.A) quoting B) continuously C) overweightD) suggestion E) abuse F) protestersG) occasionally H) additional I) tameJ) movement K) disagreed L) healedM) principles N) conference O) prosperousCloze -- Passage 2Female cheetahs（印度豹）at the Bronx Zoo in New York just love Calvin Klein's Obsession for Men perfume.No, they don't ____1____their favorite perfume behind their ears, but they do enjoy rubbing up against tree trunks ____2____ with the scent.Instead this is part of a program of the Wildlife Conservation Society, which ____3____ New York City's zoos and aquariums, to keep animals healthy and happy."We want to enrich the daily lives of the animals, both ____4____ and psychologically," Diana Reiss, senior research scientist at the Conservation Society, told reporter. "One of the ways we do that is offering our animals different kinds of scents to give them ____5____."The scents provide a way to stimulate the animals. Reiss said smell is ____6____ to the lives of animals. "With our cheetahs at the Bronx Zoo, we worked from ____7____ perfumes to expensive perfumes," she said. "The one they respond to the most is Calvin Klein Obsession for Men. But they also respond to inexpensive perfumes."The wildlife workers test the animals' ____8____ to various scents by spraying tree trunks with different perfumes or placing cinnamon or other spices in the animals' ____9____. "We'll observe how much time they spend in that area," Reiss said.But not all animals have high-class tastes when it comes to scents, Reiss said. Female cheetahs at the Bronx Zoo may rank Obsession for Men as their ____10____ perfume. But forget that for the pumas and lynx at the Queens Zoo. They like something that really smells.A) physically B) variety C) applyD) essential E) inexpensive F) responseG) sprayed H) favorite I) considerablyJ) operates K) environment L) regulationM) initial N) frequency O) swearThe Mona Lisa is showing her age, museum curators in Paris said while announcing a scientific study of the 500-year-old masterpiece.The thin wooden ____1____ around Leonardo da Vinci's painting is showing signs of warping, causing curators at the Louvre "some worry".The museum has ____2____ a study to evaluate the Mona Lisa's vulnerability to climate changes.The painting will remain on ____3____during the testing, the Louvre said."Its state of preservation is ____4____the source of some concern," a statement issued by the museum said.Deterioration in its wood panel was "greater than that which has been ____5____observed," it added.The study, to be conducted by the Centre for Research and Restoration of Museums of France, will better ____6____what materials the painting is made of.The painting, whose ____7____smile attracts millions of visitors to the Louvre, is displayed behind glass to protect it from ____8____changes and camera flashes.It will be put in a specially ____9____room in the Louvre early next year.The Mona Lisa was painted between 1503-1506 and was thought to be named after the sitter, most likely the Florentine wife of Francesco del Giocondo.It moved to France with da Vinci in the early 16th Century, where it has ____10____except for a short spell when it was stolen in 1911. The painting was discovered two years later in a Florence hotel.A) mysterious B) previously C) doseD) commissioned E) charity F) climaticG) intentionally H) redecorated I) interfereJ) display K) determine L) currentlyM) panel N) charming O) remainedCloze -- Passage 4The ability to see words on either side of the point at which your eyes focus is called peripheral vision (周围的视觉). Foreign students of English often feel that it is impossible to recognize so many words at a single ____1____ or within a short time. It is difficult for many ____2____speakers too, but it can be done. It is something that has to be done if you are to read as ____3____as you should. You can increase your peripheral vision by eye exercises.Equally important is the importance of moving your eyes from point to point in a uniform rhythm. Slow reading often ____4____from regression, the number of times your eyes have to go back. While practising to increase your peripheral vision and uniform rhythm, you may ____5____have to reread. Do not get ____6____. A smooth, forward rhythm comes with practice. ____7____your speed will get to the point where your eyes move comfortably forward without regression.A final ____8____of slow reading is forming the sounds of each word, even though you might not speak them aloud. The ____9____ American native speaks English at 180 to 200 words a minute. If you read each word in ____10____, it is impossible to read faster than this. Reading 200 words a minute is a dangerously slow speed.A) average B) eventually C) resultsD) column E) discouraged F) rapidlyG) subsequent H) glance I) mindJ) scratched K) process L) nativeM) occasionally N) cause O) offendsCloze -- Passage 5It seems you always forget -- your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the ____1____, your credit card when you are shopping…Such absent-mindedness may be ____2____to you. Now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that ____3____everything the user sees.The glasses can play back memories ____4____to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys.And the glasses also allow the user to "label" items so information can be used later on.The wearer could walk around an office or a factory ____5____certain items by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a blank label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then ____6____in.It could be used in ____7____plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring complicated a device.A spokesman for the project, said: "A car ____8____ for instance could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired."For the ____9____ the system could highlight accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, indicating points of ____10____or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.A) later B) motorists C) moistureD) noticeable E) frustrating F) fillsG) dashing H) necessity I) recordJ) halts K) cleaners L) mechanicM) industrial N) interest O) identifyingCareful Reading – Passage 1In a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the Professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.During the summer, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.It was still a young wasp when we got it and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was female, we decided to call it Miriam.One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a line of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North American. The cards went everywhere.I was too tired to stop to pick them that night. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. ―Maybe Miriam will pick them up‖, I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.When I came down the next morning Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had bussed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing on larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.1. Professor Bouvier most probably agrees that __________.A. insects‘ reasoning power has nothing to do with intelligenceB. wasps can only behave in an instinctive mannerC. wasps are different from other winged creaturesD. the issue of insects‘ intelligence need further research2. The author took the wasp Miriam to the cottage because __________.A. Miriam was treated like a childB. Miriam was the pet of the familyC. the author was studying insects for his doctoral thesisD. the author wanted to prove that insects have intelligence3. When the card index scattered on the floor, the author __________.A. decided to pick them up the next morningB. believed Miriam would pick them upC. didn‘t understand why Miriam flew about over the cardsD. found it ridiculous that Miriam would pick them up4. By saying ―And well she might have been‖ (Sen. 2, Para. 6), the author thinks that Miriam was __________.A. exhaustedB. intelligentC. energeticD. depressed5. Which of the following statement was based on facts rather than on the author‘s pure thinking?A. Miriam cried herself to sleep.B. Miriam had bussed about all night.C. Miriam could only tell wasp larvae.D. Miriam had left the cards on the floor.Careful Reading – Passage 2The 35-year-old Beijing woman is watching an ad showing a giant television made by the Chinese company Haier. A stream of introduction for the television floats in and out of view, including one about receiving electronic mail over the tube. A surfer rides the waves between skyscrapers, his wash leaving an ―@‖in the water. The ad is ―too direct‖, she tells an interviewer. ―There is this guy talking, telling me all about the product, showing me some images. We get it – but we don‘t like it.‖Since a Shanghai television station aired China‘s first TV commercial in 1979, most have been the plain, straightforward, tell-the-name-of-the-product-and-what-it-does kind. Those started disappearing the U.S. in the late 1960s in favor of more subtle pitches using irony and humor. Now a study says Chinese commercials don‘t have to talk down to consumers anymore either – at least the one-third of them living in China‘s prosperous cities, and who most interest advertisers.Even the Western agencies that win awards elsewhere for hip, inventive commercials usually keep it simple in China. After all this country only began flirting with capitalism 20 years ago and is fairly new to advertising. And to consumer culture, too. China is still a developing nation where an income of just $2,0000 a year qualifies an urban household as middle-class. On the other hand, city people who once aspired to own the ―big three‖– a television, refrigerator and washing machine – have already moved up to DVD players and mobile phones. And with a population of 1.3 billion, the world‘s largest, China is a huge market. That is why the world‘s largest companies, from Coca-Cola to Procter $ Gamble, are battling it out in China. Advertisers spent more than $500 million dollars through the first half of the year, estimates market researcher, making China the largest advertising market in Asia after Japan.The prevailing view of many of those advertisers and their agencies is that the Chinese don‘t yet get clever or subtle advertising and they prefer a straightforward ad with lots of information. But the April survey of almost 500 people in five China‘s largest cities discovered ―a savvy urban population, tired of a diet of ‗boring‘ ads and hungry to be treated as the sophisticated decision-makers they are.‖In short, the Chinese appreciation of what makes a good ad is no different from their counterparts anywhere else in the world.1.The 35-year-old woman was dissatisfied with the Haire TV because __________.A.there is too much misleading information about itB.its function is too similar to that of a computerC.its advertisement was too difficult to understandD.it has been advertised in a simple-minded way2.By saying that ―Chinese commercials don‘t have to talk down to consumers‖, the author suggests that__________.A.the plain and straight-forward way of advertising should be abolishedB.it is not necessary to take up irony and humor in advertisementC.advertisers are more interested in how to attract the high-class citizensD.those disappearing in the U.S. may be just appropriate in China3.What can we learn about the consumer culture in China?A.It is not as complicated as that outside China.B.It has not been fully understood yet.C.Its influence on advertising is still limited.D.It is one of the most important products of capitalism4.The author will agree that China‘s middle-class households __________.A.are interested in inventive ads instead of simple onesB.earn less than the overseas middle-class householdsC.contribute most to China‘s consumer marketD.no longer aspired to own the ―the big three‖5.The passage mainly intends to discuss __________.A.the most effective ways of advertising in ChinaB.the development of advertising styles in ChinaC.consumers‘ view on the ads in ChinaD. a misconception on the ads in ChinaCareful Reading – Passage 3The HMS Ontario is one of the most famous shipwrecks and was discovered by two Rochester engineers Jim Kennard, 64, who has spent more than half his life pursuing The HMS Ontario, along with Dan Scoville, 35, a shipwreck diver. They discovered The HMS Ontario deep off the southern shore of Lake Ontario when side-scanning sonar system that Mr. Kennard, a retired Kodak engineer, designed and built himself, showed a picture of something deep in Lake Ontario. The location of the shipwreck had been unknown for 228 years.Experien ced ship wreck divers Jim Kennard and Dan Scoville have discovered seven of Lake Ontario‘s estimated 500 shipwrecks in the last six years alone. Jim Kennard also designed a microwave-sized remote submersible that they deployed to go down and take the shipwreck‘s video. The shipwreck is quite deep in Lake Ontario, so the remote machine with video was very useful.―Right away we saw the quarter gallery, the windows in the stern, the cannons,‖ said Jim Kennard. ―There was no mistaking. That‘s when we started getting excited.‖ The discovery of the ship wreck was confirmed by The HMS Ontario expert Canadian Arthur Britton Smith, who authored the definitive book on the HMS Ontario.The loss of the HMS Ontario, is one of the worst-ever disasters recorded on Lake Ontario. In her time The HMS Ontario was the most-feared ship on the Great Lakes. It was 1780 and the Yankees were threatening to storm across Lake Ontario and seize Montreal from the British. But the intimidating 226-ton Ontario – 22 cannons, two 80-foot masts, a beamy hull with cargo space for 1000 barrels, was intimidating. On Oct. 31, 1780, she sailed into a storm with around 120 passengers on board and was never seen again. The British tried to keep the news of the ship wreck hush hush.The HMS Ontario appears to be in perfect shape and The HMS Ontario has aged remarkably well though zebra mussels cover much of the woodwork. Leaning on a 45-degree angle, her masts still jut straight up from her decks where several guns lie upside-down and a brass bell, brass cleats and the stern lantern are perfectly visible. The Seven windows across her stern still have glass. Shipwrecks in cold freshwater are well preserved, that is why great lakes shipwrecks are prized. At 500 feet deep, where the HMS Ontario lies, there is no light and no oxygen to speed up the decomposition, and little marine life to feed on the wood.There was no evidence of the roughly 113 Canadian men, women, children and American prisoners who went down with the ship - the passengers – mostly Canadian soldiers from the 34th regiment – were never found. Nobody knows for sure how many passengers perished on the Ontario; the British kept their prisoner counts secret.Out of worries over looting, Mr. Jim Kennard and Mr. Dan Scoville are not revealing The HMS Ontario‘s location. The vessel sits in water up to 500 feet deep and cannot be reached by anyone other than experienced divers. It is not believed to have any shipwreck treasure on it as was reported other than a few shipwreck coins that belonged to the passengers.Kennard said he and his partner have gathered enough ship wreck video of the ship that it will not be necessary to return to the site. He added that they hope to make a documentary about the discovery with the video of the shipwreck.The Great Lakes host many shipwreck locations and there are an estimated 4,700 shipwrecks in total, of which 500 are in Lake Ontario. Freshwater shipwrecks are famous for their preservation of the vessels and make popular diving spots.1. The two discoverers of the HMS Ontario saw its video __________.A. with the help of a scanning sonar systemB. with the help of a remote submersibleC. on an Ontario TV channelD. on a DVD about history2. The HMS Ontario was most probably a __________.A. cruise linerB. fishing boatC. war shipD. cargo ship3. Great Lakes shipwrecks are highly valued because __________.A. they are well protected against decompositionB. they need to be explored with high technologyC. they are of great use to the research of historyD. they have much well-preserved treasure on board4. What is Not true about the HMS Ontario?A. No trace of human being has been found in the shipwreck.B. The passengers were evacuated before the ship sank.C. The ship used to belong to the British Navy.D. There was not much treasure on the ship.5. What will Jim and Dan do with the HMS Ontario shipwreck?A. They will take it to the surface when they get more financial fund.B. They will make it a popular diving spot.C. They will reveal the location of the ship when the video is released.D. They will leave the shipwreck where it is.6. Which paragraph is Not about the finding of Jim and Dan?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.D. Paragraph 6.Careful Reading – Passage 4Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887), a van Gogh self-portrait done in Paris, is one of his most intriguing yet most neglecte d works. The artist‘s gloomy eyes stare out from his face in half-profile, facing to the left, and the world-weary expression initially appears to support the view of critics such as James Risser, who explains van Gogh‘s self-portraits as a sustained search for identity.Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887) initially appears to comply with Risser‘s evaluation. In this work, the painter depicted himself wearing a jumper of intense blue before a background done almost entirely in gray but with noticeable blurs of blue—most notably in the top right corner. Overall the painting appears to be unfinished, a hastily done portrait that the painter abandoned to create more lasting works.In its incomplete state we can precisely read ―an unfinished life,‖ and in the wi ld strokes of casual blue in the background and splashed across the artist‘s garments we are instantly confronted with the sense of growing ―more and more out of control.‖But is this an accurate evaluation? On the one hand, Risser seems to have legitimate cause for envisioning van Gogh‘s self-portrait as psychological self-analysis, a painting that ―reveals an emotional intensity hiding beneath the surface‖. But is the chaotic surface effect of the blue in this painting actually a form of self-criticism, the artist‘s own intense and emotional despair over his loss of control—or is it representative of an underlying aesthetic whose focus is not the painter himself? An intriguing alternative exists: van Gogh may not have painted the self-portraits as psychoanalytical evaluations of himself, but instead merely as experiments in technique. The artist often stated that he painted himself only because he lacked other models, a view found in the critical work of both Richard Kendall and T.J. Shackelford. Perhaps, then, van Gogh was not trying to learn about himself but about art as a whole while painting these portraits and hence we ought to read the self-portraits as a series of statements about art itself. The key to this analysis may be a careful exploration of the special color symbolism van Gogh attached to the color blue. Unlike our everyday association of blue with melancholy or boredom, the artist imagined blue as a symbol for the infinite or the limitless. Such a view calls into question the idea that self-portraits such as van Gogh‘s Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887) were a psychological profile of the artist‘s melancholy or despair. Instead, when we consider blue‘s special symbolic role as the infinite in van Gogh‘s Paris self-portraits, we discover a ne w narrative describing the painter‘s own aesthetic: his insistence that the future of art lay in expressive rather than realistic methods.1. What does James Risser think of van Gogh‘s self-portraits?A. Different self-portraits represent van Gogh‘s different attitude towards life.B. Many of his self-portraits have been neglected by critics.C. Van Gogh sought for identity through all his self-portraits.D. Van Gogh expressed his weariness of the world in most of his self-portraits.2. Which description is mentioned in the second paragraph about van Gogh‘s Self-portrait with a Straw Hat?A. The painting is not well done.B. The painting mainly used gray.C. The painter used blue but erased it later.D. The portrait showed a depressed emotion.3. Who felt that the self-portrait showed ―an unfinished life‖?A. Van Gogh himself.B. Risser‘s opponents.C. The author.D. James Risser.4. According to Richard Kendall and T.J. Shackelford, the Self-portrait with a Straw Hat may not have anythingto do with __________.A. van Gogh‘s painting techniqueB. the symbolism of colorC. the psychological analysis of the painterD. the painter‘s aesthetic5. According to van Gogh himself, his self-portraits were intended to be __________.A. narrativeB. expressiveC. analyticD. artisticCareful Reading – Passage 5It took me a decade to realize that the world has no shortage of fashion designers who are capable of making trendy, elegant, sexy and sophisticated garments, but that it is badly in need of, simply, clothes designers. My own definitions would set fashion and clothing greatly apart. It is a fact that, in the world of metropolitan shopping malls and high-end boutiques, there are plenty of beautiful garments whose very unpredictability make our life colorful, and compel a multitude of desires. You are almost convinced: you can buy whatever you dare to think.As experience grew with age, my attraction to art became ever stronger. The world of art revealed new spiritual prospects, a food for the heart and the sense of happiness that comes from catching sight of a friend from a past life. My journeys into the remote countryside, far away from urban life, carry me to deeper thoughts and explorations of the values of life. I am no longer satisfied by the practical and ornamental functions of clothing that are changing in modality, nor breakthroughs in form, much less does the drive for reputation or profit enter into my work. I yearn strongly for clothing to stand as does paint to the painter, as does stone to the sculptor, as a simple and particular language of an individual creation, which draws the audience from an appreciation of the surface to deeper thoughts and conversations with the world of the soul. I have a strong desire to explore the mental life and spiritual world of human beings. And through the works of hand that have touched me deeply, I believe that the most sublime and most meaningful creative motives should arise through caring for other people, the ultimate care of humanity—a concern for human feeling and spirituality. This includes love, but it is bigger than love, and it is unconditional. I believe the greatest works of art can touch the deepest and strongest parts of human feeling and the world of the spirit, and only these works can be the memories of history, preserving the most valuable feelings that have ever existed, and inspiring a greater awareness of ourselves.I am not satisfied if people only appreciate clothing if it makes them happy, or visually appealing, or merely serves their needs. I believe clothing could be a specific creative language, and has infinite possibilities for communicating ideas and transmitting thoughts, for inspiring you and shaping your behavior. The spiritual qualities which I pursue stand in complete opposition to the trends of modern fashion What I find profoundly engaging are the primitive eras of human history, when people held nature in the deepest reverence and made objects of the utmost simplicity. Those crafts fashioned out of necessity, and not by the hands of celebrated masters, possess a power that can endure across the ages. These designs may still resonate through the millennia and arrest the values of contemporary fashion. This is what I have pursued, for clothing to return to its original simplicity. For our sensibilities which have been over-stimulated by fashion, we must regain a natural sense of clothing. Genuine fashion today should not follow the glamor of trends. It should instead uncover the extraordinary in the ordinary, for I believe that the ultimate luxury is not the price of the clothing, but its spirit.1. According to the author, the fundamental factor a fashion designer needs to consider is __________.A. the unpredictability of the clothingB. the desires of the consumersC. the creation of the clothing itselfD. the shifting trend in fashion2. The author‘s desire for art was inspired by __________.A. the life of one of his friends‘B. his experience as a designerC. his journey in the countrysideD. the consumers‘ changed need。