西安翻译学院论文规范1
西安翻译学院本科论文规范2
1. IntroductionRecently more and more people are learning English; we learn English are aim at communicating with the people all around the world. English as a communication tool, the expression of spoken language ability is very important. And also is the most basic communicative competence. English as an international common language, in people's social life plays an important role. Also is the dissemination of Chinese culture, a way to better communicate with and in order to promote China's long cultural history.With world advances quickly and the international communication increases rapidly, English has become one of the most important international languages and is widely used in various fields. With the world’s rapid development of economy, societ y, science and technology, China is engaging in more and more international communication and has participated in still wider international co-operations with the whole world. This irreversible tendency requires more and more English personnel who are highly-qualified. It is also widely used in anyway. And it’s very popular and necessary for common people to learn English in China. In the middle school education, English is an obligatory course and the scores of this course have been considered as an import ant part in the national entrance examination. It’s natural that teachers and students pay more attention to English learning and teaching than ever before. More and more people are choosing English as their college’s major.The average level of English learning has been improved greatly. You can hear English from everybody，especially during the Olympics in Beijing. But in most cases, the students who can pass quite a few English tests could not express themselves well in oral English. They can write English essays, understand what foreigner say in English, and can even read English articles, but they can not communicate with foreigners in English fluently. So the “Dumb English” has become the common problem in English learning. They are shame to open their mouth. And that will be worse and worse.There are five parts of learning English, they are listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. Listening, reading and writing are the basic skills required in most examinations. In the school education, teachers and students are often thinking about how to pass examinations andthey are not aware of the importance of the oral English. However, although speaking is very important, it is quite often ignored. That is due to the examination system of china.As we all know communication is the final purpose of language learning. Those who can only write or read something in English can’t meet the development at the present situation. Teachers and students should pay more attention to the oral English teaching and learning. Remember English is the tool. We learn it not only for fun for passing the exam.It’s clear that the present situation of learning spoken English is discontentedness. There is still a long way for English teachers to realize this important and great goal. The most important thing in English teaching and learning is to improve students’ spoken English ability. Student should learn from many ways such as English movies, songs and so on.2. Disadvantageous Factors of Learning Oral EnglishWe often say there are so many disadvantageous factors during our way of learning English. Yes we have several disadvantageous factors for students, especially those who are living in undeveloped areas, learning oral English. They live in the poor areas, with the laggard equipment, teachers, teaching methods and so on. It is hard for them to learn oral English well. They can not speak beautiful English.2.1 Chinese Speaking AtmosphereWe study English with our English teachers for many years. “English teachers are the students’ leader in learning English, so they need to do all kinds of things to help students improve their oral English.”(Huo 29) But the time we have in class is very limited; it means we have little time in speaking English. Practice with teachers and students. So teachers should teach students about the basic English knowledge and skills. As the old Chinese saying: to give them the gains is not good, it would be better to teach them the method of gaining. So the teachers should teach them the way, suck as new words, expressions, and grammatical structures. Still, there is no time left for student to practice their oral English. Students are always being asked to do more exercises after class. Some of the homework is其他部分略AcknowledgementsI am deeply grateful to Mr. Liu Yulin, my tutor, to whom I owe a great deal of gratitude and appreciation. Mr. Liu gave me a lot of invaluable instructions and helped me much in every stage of my thesis writing. His patient help and timely encouragement are worthy of high acknowledgement.I also would like to offer my sincere gratitude to those teachers who spend their precious time in reading this thesis.Moreover, to thank all my friends, I could not have finished my paper without their help.Finally, I also would like to take this opportunity to thank my parents who give me confidence and enable me to do my own work freely.Works CitedBorich, D. Effective Teaching Methods. Ohio: Merrill Publishing Company, 1988Gillian and George Yule. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 Gillian and George Yule . Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003Hymes, D. Competence and performance in Linguistic Theory. New York: Academic Press, 1971 Hadfield, J. Simple Speaking Activities. Oxford: Oxford Basics, 2005Nunun, David. Second Language Teaching and Learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle, 1999方惠娟. 学生英语口语能力培养[J]. 西安外国语学院学报, 2002, 123(5): 25束定芳. 外语教学改革问题与对策[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2000王明亮. 关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展./pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html, 1998-08-16汪毓先. 英语口语的特点[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1990文秋芳. 英语口语测试与教学[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社.1999姚保慧. 英语口语[M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 1991周之南. 中国大学生英语口语策略实证研究[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2009注：1. 引用文献不少于10条，其中英文参考书目不得少于五条，网上参考文献不能多于二条。
【强烈推荐】西安翻译学院论文答辩模板
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总结：西安翻译学院
内容123 西安翻译学院西安翻译学院西安翻译学院西安翻译学院 西安翻译学院西安翻译学院西安翻译学院 650796
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解析MTI毕业论文的结构和标准化要求
解析MTI毕业论文的结构和标准化要求MTI毕业论文的结构和标准化要求随着人们对多语种翻译及跨文化沟通需求的增加，跨文化交流已经成为了全球化发展的重要组成部分。
而在这个背景下，跨文化交流的专业人才培养也变得尤为重要。
MTI（Master in Translation and Interpreting）作为一个重要的职业资格证书项目，一直致力于培养跨文化交际领域的人才。
MTI的毕业论文是这个项目的重要组成部分，下面我们将解析一下MTI毕业论文的结构和标准化要求。
MTI毕业论文的结构主要包括以下几个部分：引言、文献综述、方法论、研究结果、讨论与分析、结论和参考文献。
引言部分是MTI毕业论文的开篇，需要明确研究的目的和重要性。
在引言中，研究背景的介绍是必要的，以便读者能够了解研究主题的重要性。
此外，引言还应包含研究目标和研究问题的概述，以便读者理解需要解决的问题。
文献综述部分需要对相关领域的重要研究成果进行综合分析，讨论已有研究的不足之处，并指出自己的研究将如何填补这一空白。
在文献综述中，需要引用并分析相关研究、理论和方法。
方法论部分是论文中的重要组成部分，需要详细描述研究中使用的方法和工具。
这部分内容应该包括研究设计、数据收集和分析方法等细节，以便读者可以理解研究的可靠性和可重复性。
研究结果部分需要详细呈现研究所得到的数据和结果。
这一部分内容通常通过数据分析、统计结果、图表和实例等方式进行展示。
数据的呈现应该简洁明了，易于理解。
讨论与分析部分是对研究结果进行深入解读和理解。
研究结果应该与文献综述进行比较，探讨其与已有研究的关联和差异。
此外，讨论部分还应该对研究结果的限制和潜在局限性进行说明。
结论部分是整个MTI毕业论文的总结部分，需要对研究目标和问题进行回答，并提出可能的研究推进方向。
在结论中，应该突出研究的创新点和对相关领域的贡献，同时也要指出研究的局限性。
最后，参考文献部分是必不可少的。
在MTI毕业论文中，必须列出所有被引用的文献和资料，并按照规范的引用格式进行排版。
毕业论文外文翻译格式
因为学校对毕业论文中的外文翻译并无规定，为统一起见，特做以下要求：1、每篇字数为1500字左右，共两篇；2、每篇由两部分组成：译文 +原文。
3 附件中是一篇范本，具体字号、字体已标注。
外文翻译（包含原文）（宋体四号加粗）外文翻译一（宋体四号加粗）作者：（宋体小四号加粗）Kim Mee Hyun Director, Policy Research & Development Team, Korean Film Council （小四号）出处：（宋体小四号加粗）Korean Cinema from Origins to RenaissanceP358~P34C）韩国电影的发展及前景（标题：宋体四号加粗）1996~现在在过去的十年间，韩国电影经历了难以置信的增长。
上个世纪60年代，韩国电影迅速崛起，然而很快便陷入停滞状态，直到90年代以后，韩国电影又重新进入繁盛时期。
在这个时期，韩国电影在数量上并没有大幅的增长，但多部电影的观影人数达到了上千万人次。
1996年，韩国本土电影的市场占有量只有23.1%。
但是到了1998年，市场占有量增长到35.8%,到2001年更是达到了50% 虽然从1996年开始，韩国电影一直处在不断上升的过程中，但是直到1999年姜帝圭导演的《生死谍变》的成功才诞生了韩国电影的又一个高峰。
虽然《生死谍变》创造了韩国电影史上的最高电影票房纪录，但是1999年以后最高票房纪录几乎每年都会被刷新。
当人们都在津津乐道所谓的“韩国大片”时，2000年朴赞郁导演的《共同警备区JSA〉和2001年郭暻泽导演的《朋友》均成功刷新了韩国电影最高票房纪录。
2003年康佑硕导演的《实尾岛》和2004年姜帝圭导演的又一部力作《太极旗飘扬》开创了观影人数上千万人次的时代。
姜帝圭和康佑硕导演在韩国电影票房史上扮演了十分重要的角色。
从1993年的《特警冤家》到2003年的《实尾岛》，康佑硕导演了多部成功的电影。
毕业设计(论文)外文资料和译文格式要求(模板)
成都东软学院外文资料和译文格式要求一、译文必须采用计算机输入、打印，幅面A4。
外文资料原文（复印或打印）在前，译文在后，于左侧装订。
二、具体要求1、至少翻译一篇内容与所选课题相关的外文文献。
2、译文汉字字数不少于4000字。
3、正文格式要求：宋体五号字。
译文格式参见《译文格式要求》，宋体五号字，单倍行距。
纸张纸张为A4纸，页边距上2.54cm、下2.54cm、左3.17cm、右3.17cm。
装订外文资料原文（复印或打印）在前，译文在后封面封面的专业、班级、姓名、学号等信息要全部填写正确。
封面指导教师必须为讲师以上职称，若助教则需要配备一名讲师协助指导。
讲师在前，助教在后。
指导教师姓名后面空一个中文空格，加职称。
页眉页眉说明宋体小五，左端“XX学院毕业设计（论文）”，右端“译文”。
页眉中的学院名称要与封面学院名称一致。
字数本科4000字。
附：外文资料和译文封面、空白页成都东软学院外文资料和译文专业：软件工程移动互联网应用开发班级：2班姓名：罗荣昆学号：12310420216指导教师：2015年 12月 8日Android page layoutUsing XML-Based LayoutsW hile it is technically possible to create and attach widgets to our activity purely through Java code, the way we did in Chapter 4, the more common approach is to use an XML-based layout file. Dynamic instantiation of widgets is reserved for more complicated scenarios, where the widgets are not known at compile-time (e g., populating a column of radio buttons based on data retrieved off the Internet).With that in mind, it’s time to break out the XML and learn how to lay out Android activities that way.What Is an XML-Based Layout?As the name suggests, an XML-based layout is a specification of widgets’ relationships to each other—and to their containers (more on this in Chapter 7)—encoded in XML format. Specifi cally, Android considers XML-based layouts to be resources, and as such layout files are stored in the res/layout directory inside your Android project.Each XML file contains a tree of elements specifying a layout of widgets and their containers that make up one view hierarchy. The attributes of the XML elements are properties, describing how a widget should look or how a container should behave. For example, if a Button element has an attribute value of android:textStyle = "bold", that means that the text appearing on the face of the button should be rendered in a boldface font style.Android’s SDK ships with a tool (aapt) which uses the layouts. This tool should be automatically invoked by your Android tool chain (e.g., Eclipse, Ant’s build.xml). Of particular importance to you as a developer is that aapt generates the R.java source file within your project, allowing you to access layouts and widgets within those layouts directly from your Java code. Why Use XML-Based Layouts?Most everything you do using XML layout files can be achieved through Java code. For example, you could use setTypeface() to have a button render its textin bold, instead of using a property in an XML layout. Since XML layouts are yet another file for you to keep track of, we need good reasons for using such files.Perhaps the biggest reason is to assist in the creation of tools for view definition, such as a GUI builder in an IDE like Eclipse or a dedicated Android GUI designer like DroidDraw1. Such GUI builders could, in principle, generate Java code instead of XML. The challenge is re-reading the UI definition to support edits—that is far simpler if the data is in a structured format like XML than in a programming language. Moreover, keeping generated XML definitions separated from hand-written Java code makes it less likely that somebody’s custom-crafted source will get clobbered by accident when the generated bits get re-generated. XML forms a nice middle ground between something that is easy for tool-writers to use and easy for programmers to work with by hand as needed.Also, XML as a GUI definition format is becoming more commonplace. Microsoft’s XAML2, Adobe’s Flex3, and Mozilla’s XUL4 all take a similar approach to that of Android: put layout details in an XML file and put programming smarts in source files (e.g., JavaScript for XUL). Many less-well-known GUI frameworks, such as ZK5, also use XML for view definition. While “following the herd” is not necessarily the best policy, it does have the advantage of helping to ease the transition into Android from any other XML-centered view description language. OK, So What Does It Look Like?Here is the Button from the previous chapter’s sample application, converted into an XMLlayout file, found in the Layouts/NowRedux sample project. This code sample along with all others in this chapter can be found in the Source Code area of .<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Button xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/button"android:text=""android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"/>The class name of the widget—Button—forms the name of the XML element. Since Button is an Android-supplied widget, we can just use the bare class name. If you create your own widgets as subclasses of android.view.View, you would need to provide a full package declara tion as well.The root element needs to declare the Android XML namespace:xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"All other elements will be children of the root and will inherit that namespace declaration.Because we want to reference this button from our Java code, we need to give it an identifier via the android:id attribute. We will cover this concept in greater detail later in this chapter.The remaining attributes are properties of this Button instance:• android:text indicates the initial text to be displayed on the button face (in this case, an empty string)• android:layout_width and android:layout_height tell Android to have the button’swidth and height fill the “parent”, in this case the entire screen—these attributes will be covered in greater detail in Chapter 7.Since this single widget is the only content in our activity, we only need this single element. Complex UIs will require a whole tree of elements, representing the widgets and containers that control their positioning. All the remaining chapters of this book will use the XML layout form whenever practical, so there are dozens of other examples of more complex layouts for you to peruse from Chapter 7 onward.What’s with the @ Signs?Many widgets and containers only need to appear in the XML layout file and do not need to be referenced in your Java code. For example, a static label (TextView) frequently only needs to be in the layout file to indicate where it should appear. These sorts of elements in the XML file do not need to have the android:id attribute to give them a name.Anything you do want to use in your Java source, though, needs an android:id.The convention is to use @+id/... as the id value, where the ... represents your locally unique name for the widget in question. In the XML layout example in the preceding section, @+id/button is the identifier for the Button widget.Android provides a few special android:id values, of the form @android:id/.... We will see some of these in various chapters of this book, such as Chapters 8 and 10.We Attach These to the Java How?Given that you have painstakingly set up the widgets and containers in an XML layout filenamed main.xml stored in res/layout, all you need is one statement in your activity’s onCreate() callback to use that layout:setContentView(yout.main);This is the same setContentView() we used earlier, passing it an instance of a View subclass (in that case, a Button). The Android-built view, constructed from our layout, is accessed from that code-generated R class. All of the layouts are accessible under yout, keyed by the base name of the layout file—main.xml results in yout.main.To access our identified widgets, use findViewById(), passing in the numeric identifier of the widget in question. That numeric identifier was generated by Android in the R class asR.id.something (where something is the specific widget you are seeking). Those widgets are simply subclasses of View, just like the Button instance we created in Chapter 4.The Rest of the StoryIn the original Now demo, the button’s face would show the current time, which would reflect when the button was last pushed (or when the activity was first shown, if the button had not yet been pushed).Most of that logic still works, even in this revised demo (NowRedux). However,rather than instantiating the Button in our activity’s onCreate() callback, we can reference the one from the XML layout:package youts;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button; import java.util.Date;public class NowRedux extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener { Button btn;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);btn.setOnClickListener(this);upd ateTime();}public void onClick(View view) { updateTime();}private void updateTime() {btn.setText(new Date().toString()); }}The first difference is that rather than setting the content view to be a view we created in Java code, we set it to reference the XML layout (setContentView(yout.main)). The R.java source file will be updated when we rebuild this project to include a reference to our layout file (stored as main.xml in our project’s res/l ayout directory).The other difference is that we need to get our hands on our Button instance, for which we use the findViewById() call. Since we identified our button as @+id/button, we can reference the button’s identifier as R.id.button. Now, with the Button instance in hand, we can set the callback and set the label as needed.As you can see in Figure 5-1, the results look the same as with the originalNow demo.Figure 5-1. The NowRedux sample activity Employing Basic WidgetsE very GUI toolkit has some basic widgets: fields, labels, buttons, etc. Android’s toolkit is no different in scope, and the basic widgets will provide a good introduction as to how widgets work in Android activities.Assigning LabelsThe simplest widget is the label, referred to in Android as a TextView. Like in most GUI toolkits, labels are bits of text not editable directly by users. Typically, they are used to identify adjacent widgets (e.g., a “Name:” label before a field where one fills in a name).In Java, you can create a label by creating a TextView instance. More commonly, though, you will create labels in XML layout files by adding a TextView element to the layout, with an android:text property to set the value of the label itself. If you need to swap labels based on certain criteria, such as internationalization, you may wish to use a resource reference in the XML instead, as will be described in Chapter 9. TextView has numerous other properties of relevance for labels, such as:• android:typeface to set the typeface to use for the label (e.g., monospace) • android:textStyle to indicate that the typeface should be made bold (bold), italic (italic),or bold and italic (bold_italic)• android:textColor to set the color of the label’s text, in RGB hex format (e.g., #FF0000 for red)For example, in the Basic/Label project, you will find the following layout file:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><TextView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="You were expecting something profound?" />As you can see in Figure 6-1, just that layout alone, with the stub Java source provided by Android’s p roject builder (e.g., activityCreator), gives you the application.Figure 6-1. The LabelDemo sample applicationButton, Button, Who’s Got the Button?We’ve already seen the use of the Button widget in Chapters 4 and 5. As it turns out, Button is a subclass of TextView, so everything discussed in the preceding section in terms of formatting the face of the button still holds. Fleeting ImagesAndroid has two widgets to help you embed images in your activities: ImageView and ImageButton. As the names suggest, they are image-based analogues to TextView and Button, respectively.Each widget takes an android:src attribute (in an XML layout) to specify what picture to use. These usually reference a drawable resource, described in greater detail in the chapter on resources. You can also set the image content based on a Uri from a content provider via setImageURI().ImageButton, a subclass of ImageView, mixes in the standard Button behaviors, for responding to clicks and whatnot.For example, take a peek at the main.xml layout from the Basic/ImageView sample project which is found along with all other code samples at : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><ImageView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/icon"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:adjustViewBounds="true"android:src="@drawable/molecule" />The result, just using the code-generated activity, is shown in Figure 6-2.Figure 6-2. The ImageViewDemo sample applicationFields of Green. Or Other Colors.Along with buttons and labels, fields are the third “anchor” of most GUI toolkits. In Android, they are implemented via the EditText widget, which is a subclass of the TextView used for labels.Along with the standard TextView properties (e.g., android:textStyle), EditText has many others that will be useful for you in constructing fields, including:• android:autoText, to control if the fie ld should provide automatic spelling assistance• android:capitalize, to control if the field should automatically capitalize the first letter of entered text (e.g., first name, city) • android:digits, to configure the field to accept only certain digi ts • android:singleLine, to control if the field is for single-line input or multiple-line input (e.g., does <Enter> move you to the next widget or add a newline?)Beyond those, you can configure fields to use specialized input methods, such asandroid:numeric for numeric-only input, android:password for shrouded password input,and android:phoneNumber for entering in phone numbers. If you want to create your own input method scheme (e.g., postal codes, Social Security numbers), you need to create your own implementation of the InputMethod interface, then configure the field to use it via android: inputMethod.For example, from the Basic/Field project, here is an XML layout file showing an EditText:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><EditTextxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/field"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:singleLine="false" />Note that android:singleLine is false, so users will be able to enter in several lines of text. For this project, the FieldDemo.java file populates the input field with some prose:package monsware.android.basic;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.EditText;public class FieldDemo extends Activity { @Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);EditText fld=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.field);fld.setText("Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 " + "(the \"License\"); you may not use this file " + "except in compliance with the License. You may " + "obtain a copy of the License at " +"/licenses/LICENSE-2.0");}}The result, once built and installed into the emulator, is shown in Figure 6-3.Figure 6-3. The FieldDemo sample applicationNote Android’s emulator only allows one application in the launcher per unique Java package. Since all the demos in this chapter share the monsware.android.basic package, you will only see one of these demos in your emulator’s launcher at any one time.Another flavor of field is one that offers auto-completion, to help users supply a value without typing in the whole text. That is provided in Android as the AutoCompleteTextView widget and is discussed in Chapter 8.Just Another Box to CheckThe classic checkbox has two states: checked and unchecked. Clicking the checkbox toggles between those states to indicate a choice (e.g., “Ad d rush delivery to my order”). In Android, there is a CheckBox widget to meet this need. It has TextView as an ancestor, so you can use TextView properties likeandroid:textColor to format the widget. Within Java, you can invoke: • isChecked() to determi ne if the checkbox has been checked• setChecked() to force the checkbox into a checked or unchecked state • toggle() to toggle the checkbox as if the user checked itAlso, you can register a listener object (in this case, an instance of OnCheckedChangeListener) to be notified when the state of the checkbox changes.For example, from the Basic/CheckBox project, here is a simple checkbox layout:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><CheckBox xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/check"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="This checkbox is: unchecked" />The corresponding CheckBoxDemo.java retrieves and configures the behavior of the checkbox:public class CheckBoxDemo extends Activityimplements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener { CheckBox cb;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);cb=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.check);cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);}public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) {if (isChecked) {cb.setText("This checkbox is: checked");}else {cb.setText("This checkbox is: unchecked");}}}Note that the activity serves as its own listener for checkbox state changes since it imple ments the OnCheckedChangeListener interface (via cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this)). The callback for the listener is onCheckedChanged(), which receives the checkbox whose state has changed and what the new state is. In this case, we update the text of the checkbox to reflect what the actual box contains.The result? Clicking the checkbox immediately updates its text, as you can see in Figures 6-4 and 6-5.Figure 6-4. The CheckBoxDemo sample application, with the checkbox uncheckedFigure 6-5. The same application, now with the checkbox checkedTurn the Radio UpAs with other implementations of radio buttons in other toolkits, Android’s radio buttons are two-state, like checkboxes, but can be grouped such that only one radio button in the group can be checked at any time.Like CheckBox, RadioButton inherits from CompoundButton, which in turn inherits fromTextView. Hence, all the standard TextView properties for font face, style, color, etc., are available for controlling the look of radio buttons. Similarly, you can call isChecked() on a RadioButton to see if it is selected, toggle() to select it, and so on, like you can with a CheckBox.Most times, you will want to put your RadioButton widgets inside of aRadioGroup. The RadioGroup indicates a set of radio buttons whose state is tied, meaning only one button out of the group can be selected at any time. If you assign an android:id to your RadioGroup in your XML layout, you can access the group from your Java code and invoke:• check() to check a specific radio button via its ID (e.g., group.check(R.id.radio1))• clearCheck() to clear all radio buttons, so none in the group are checked• getCheckedRadioButtonId() to get the ID of the currently-checked radio button (or -1 if none are checked)For example, from the Basic/RadioButton sample application, here is an XML layout showing a RadioGroup wrapping a set of RadioButton widgets: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RadioGroupxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:orientation="vertical"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent" ><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio1"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Rock" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio2"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Scissors" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio3"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Paper" /></RadioGroup>Figure 6-6 shows the result using the stock Android-generated Java forthe project and this layout.Figure 6-6. The RadioButtonDemo sample application Note that the radio button group is initially set to be completely unchecked at the outset. To pre-set one of the radio buttons to be checked, use either setChecked() on the RadioButton or check() on the RadioGroup from within your onCreate() callback in your activity.It’s Quite a ViewAll widgets, including the ones previously shown, extend View, and as such give all widgets an array of useful properties and methods beyond those already described.Useful PropertiesSome of the properties on View most likely to be used include:• Controls the focus sequence:• android:nextFocusDown• android:nextFocusLeft• android:nextFocusRight• android:nextFocusUp• android:visibility, which controls wheth er the widget is initially visible• android:background, which typically provides an RGB color value (e.g., #00FF00 for green) to serve as the background for the widgetUseful MethodsYou can toggle whether or not a widget is enabled via setEnabled() and see if it is enabled via isEnabled(). One common use pattern for this is to disable some widgets based on a CheckBox or RadioButton selection.You can give a widget focus via requestFocus() and see if it is focused via isFocused(). You might use this in concert with disabling widgets as previously mentioned, to ensure the proper widget has the focus once your disabling operation is complete.To help navigate the tree of widgets and containers that make up an activity’s overall view, you can use:• get Parent() to find the parent widget or container• findViewById() to find a child widget with a certain ID• getRootView() to get the root of the tree (e.g., what you provided to the activity via setContentView())Android 页面布局使用XML进行布局虽然纯粹通过Java代码在activity上创建和添加部件，在技术上是可行的，我们在第4章中做的一样，更常见的方法是使用一种基于XML的布局文件。
毕业论文外文翻译要求
毕业论文外文翻译要求
外国文献翻译是撰写毕业论文的重要环节之一，下面是一份要求700字的毕业论文外文翻译要求：
1. 翻译时间: 需在规定时间内完成翻译任务，以确保毕业论文
后续工作的顺利进行。
2. 原文准确性: 翻译必须准确无误，不得对原文进行任何删节、增补或变动。
3. 语言流畅度: 翻译应当具有良好的语言流畅度，不得过于生
硬或呆板。
4. 专业术语准确性: 翻译时要确保专业术语的准确性，避免词
义的混淆。
5. 语法错误及标点符号: 翻译应符合英文的语法规范，避免语
法错误和标点符号的错误使用。
6. 翻译风格: 翻译应当符合学术论文的要求，措辞恰当，语气
客观中立。
7. 格式要求: 翻译部分应与论文正文的格式一致，包括字体、
字号、行间距等。
8. 校对: 完成翻译后，需要进行一次仔细的校对工作，确保翻
译的正确性。
9. 原文附录: 翻译部分要同时附上原文，以便审查人员对翻译的准确性进行核对。
10. 翻译文档: 翻译文档要以电子文档的形式提交，确保方便审查人员查看。
以上要求旨在保证翻译的质量和准确性，对于撰写毕业论文非常重要。
翻译过程中，建议使用专业的翻译工具，如翻译记忆软件、专业词典等，以提高翻译的效率和准确性。
同时，积极与导师和专业领域的人进行交流和讨论，以解决翻译中的问题和困惑。
附录一：本科毕业论文(设计)管理规定
西安翻译学院本科毕业论文（设计）管理规定第一章总则第一条为了规范本科生毕业论文（设计)管理工作，提高毕业论文（设计）质量,根据教育部颁布的《高等学校毕业论文（设计）指导手册》的要求,结合学院实际，制定本规定。
第二条毕业论文(设计)教学环节是实现本科培养目标要求的重要环节，是对学生综合素质与实践能力培养效果的全面检验.各二级学院应加强领导，精心组织,不断提高质量.第二章基本要求第三条毕业论文（设计）的基本教学目的是培养学生综合运用所学的基础理论、专业知识和基本技能,提高分析与解决实际问题的能力.毕业论文（设计）应从以下几方面培养学生的能力:（一)调查研究、查阅文献资料等信息获取的能力。
（二）方案论证、分析比较的能力。
(三）动手实践能力。
（四)分析问题与解决问题的能力。
(五)外文阅读能力与计算机应用能力。
（六）撰写设计说明书或论文的能力。
（七)语言表达、思辩能力,准确阐述观点、回答问题的能力.（八）在工作中的团队协作能力。
第四条学生应在教师指导下，独立完成一项给定的设计任务或专题研究项目.毕业论文（设计）或专题研究须有一定的难度和足够的工作量。
毕业论文或毕业设计的图纸、实验数据、参考文献的引用、各种标准资料的运用和引用都必须符合相关学科（专业）当前国家标准规定。
第三章选题第五条选题原则(一）毕业论文(设计）的选题要有一定的研究价值和现实意义，有一定的开拓性和创新性,要求与社会实际结合的选题不低于50%，充分考虑主客观条件,题目应大小适中，难易适度.（二)选题原则上每人一题，二人或二人以上合作课题的，要明确每个学生独立完成的任务，毕业论文（设计)要分开写,撰写时要标明本人在课题研究中所负责研究的内容及其在整个课题中所占的份量，使每名学生都受到较全面的训练。
（三）要大力提倡真题真做，如继续上一届选题，必须在原基础上有所创新,不能简单重复，避免雷同选题.（四）提倡不同专业、不同学科的学生协同完成跨学科（专业）的毕业论文(设计）课题，以利于扩大学生的知识面，促进学术交流.各二级学院可依据条件有组织地进行尝试。
毕业论文外文翻译格式
毕业论文外文翻译格式毕业论文外文翻译格式在如今全球化的时代，学术研究的国际交流变得越来越重要。
而对于毕业论文来说，外文翻译是一个必不可少的环节。
毕业论文外文翻译格式的正确与否，不仅关系到论文的质量，还直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
因此，本文将探讨毕业论文外文翻译的格式要求，以帮助学生们更好地完成这一环节。
首先，毕业论文外文翻译的格式应该与原文一致。
这意味着学生需要尽可能地保留原文的结构、段落和标点符号等要素。
这样做的目的是为了让读者能够更好地理解原文的内容，同时也方便学术界对研究成果进行评估和交流。
当然，在保持原文结构的基础上，学生也可以适当地进行调整和修饰，以使翻译更加流畅和易读。
其次，毕业论文外文翻译的格式还应包括适当的引用和注释。
在翻译过程中，学生可能会遇到一些特定的术语、名词或引文，这时需要在翻译文中进行相应的注释或解释。
这不仅有助于读者对论文内容的理解，还能提高论文的可信度和学术价值。
同时，在引用他人研究成果时，学生也需要按照学术规范进行引用，包括作者姓名、出版年份、文章标题等信息，并在文末提供详细的参考文献列表。
另外，毕业论文外文翻译的格式还应注意语言风格的统一和准确。
学生在翻译过程中应尽量使用专业术语和学术语言，以确保翻译的准确性和学术性。
同时，还需要注意语言风格的统一，避免在翻译中出现过多的个人化表达和口语化用语。
这样可以使翻译更加规范和正式，符合学术写作的要求。
此外，毕业论文外文翻译的格式还应注意排版和格式要求。
学生需要将翻译文与原文进行对照排列，以便读者对照阅读。
同时，还需要注意字体、字号、行距等排版要求，使翻译文看起来整洁、清晰。
另外，学生还可以根据需要在翻译文中加入图表、图像或表格等辅助材料，以更好地展示研究结果和论证过程。
最后，毕业论文外文翻译的格式还应注意语法和语义的准确性。
学生在翻译过程中需要注意语法结构的正确性，避免出现句子不通顺或语义不清的情况。
同时，还需要准确理解原文的意思，并用恰当的词语和表达方式进行翻译。
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西安翻译学院XI’AN FANYI UNIVERSITY
本科毕业论文（设计）
Dissertation for Bachelor’s Degree
题目：The Cultivation of Chinese Students’
Ability in Speaking English
学生姓名：贾珊珊
指导教师：刘毓麟
学科专业：英语
2013年5月
Abstract
The final purpose of learning a language is to communicate with others, thus the oral expression is the basic skill of using a language. As an international language, English plays a very important role in today’s society. Since the entry of WTO in 2001, China has participated in more and more international co-operations with the world. This requires more and more highly-qualified English person in society. The present situation of learning spoken English is not satisfactory; which has affected the students’ English learning well. How to improve the Students’ spoken English has also become a problem which should be solved. Students should cultivate their interest through watching English movies and listening to English songs, it’s available and useful for them to do more practices.
Key Words:spoken English; cultivation of ability; interest; practice
英语作为一种国际通用语言，在人们的社会生活中起着重要作用。
随着中国加入WTO以及社会、经济、政治等各方面的需求，社会对英语人才的需求也在日益增长，学习英语逐渐成为一种潮流。
学习语言的目的在于交流，而英语作为一种交流工具，口语的表达能力是非常重要的，也是最基本的交际能力。
但由于教育条件的限制和环境等多方面因素的影响，英语的口语表达能力始终是学生学习英语中的一大难题。
因此，如何提高学生的英语口语表达能力成为当前英语教学应该解决的一大难题。
作为学生学习的向导，教师应该帮助学生培养学习英语口语的兴趣，并指导他们多做一些练习。
学生自己可以通过看英文电影听英文歌等方法来培养兴趣，多做一些模仿发音和用英语复述等练习。
关键词：英语口语；能力培养；兴趣；实践
Abstract in English (i)
Abstract in Chinese (ii)
1. Introduction (1)
2. Disadvantageous Factors of Learning Oral English (4)
2.1 Chinese Speaking Atmosphere (4)
2.2 Less Attention to Oral English (6)
2.3 Poor English Teaching Conditions (8)
3. Misconceptions of Learning Oral English (10)
4. Useful Methods in Teaching Oral English (14)
4.1 Stimulating Students’ Interest English Atmosphere (14)
4.1.1 Updating Educative the New Useful Methods (15)
4.1.2 Building Relationships Between Teachers and Students (17)
4.1.3 Cultivating Harmonious Atmosphere in Class (18)
4.2 More Encouragement (19)
4.3 Methods in Teaching (20)
4.3.1 Role- play (21)
4.3.2 English Daily Report (26)
4.3.3 English Drama and English Programs (28)
4.3.4 Minor Debates (29)
5. Useful Methods for Students’ Speaking English (30)
5.1 Cultivating the Students’ Interest in Speaking English (30)
5.1.1 English Movies (30)
5.1.2 English Songs (31)
5.2 Imitation of Standard Pronunciation (32)
5.3 Retelling in English (33)
5.4 Thinking in English (34)
5.5 Widening English Daily Word (36)
5.6 Remembering More English Idioms and Slang (37)
5.7 Avoiding Impolite Expressions in English (39)
6. Conclusion (41)
Acknowledgements (43)
Works Cited (44)。