中英文文献翻译-国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向
中英文文献翻译-现代工程机械行业的技术进步
英文原文Modern construction machinery industry of technical progress Large-size mechanical mining excavator is used widely in international and domestic engineering construction and mining performance, and its property defines the efficiency much.Now because the international market is opened step step, how to promote the quality of excavator is the key that a factory reinforces its competing force.In our country，the designing elevation and production quality on excavator can not keep up with international advanced technology applying on excavator.Now the advanced technology has already applied advanced designing method on excavator designing，such as electronic simulating theory，dynamic design，reliability design and so on.But in our country ,the most excavator design has still applied the traditional design method ,the modern design method has not began to be actually applied .The prime display is that the capability of self-design is not enough and the basic work has not done perfectly especially the excavator kinetics .The construct of excavator is very complex and the multiple movers often work simultaneously.at the same time its working environment is very bad and the eternal load varies randomly.As a result ,when designing the new product of excavator ,in order to ensure the performance safety，the designer not only has the basic theory analysis on static load computing ,but also do necessary work about the kinetics of mechanism to qualify the dynamic reliability in the period of designing .Trough the kinetic analysis ,the load property of all the elements in excavator can be decided so as to design reliable product .From the 1980s of the 20th century to the beginning of this century. Chinese and foreign engineering machinery technology products come from a maturity period of modernization along with a new technological revolution, Mechanical engineering products integrated technology to a new level. Electronic technology, micro-computer, sensors, electro-hydraulic servo control system integration and transformation of the traditional mechanical engineering products, Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and computer-aided management of construction machinery and equipment manufacturing, IT network technology equipment, construction machinery sales and information transfer systems, thus enabling people to see a brand new construction machinery industry. New construction machinery products in the efficiency and operational quality, environmental protection, performance and automation are many areas due to the past. and toward the further robotic and intelligent direction.1、operating principles of Innovation : groundbreaking new law with the high-frequency vibrationWith scientific and technological research in the development, engineering machinery operating theory is constantly innovating. Operating mechanical engineering principles, including the cutting of earth, broken ground on the screen geotextile material, mixed with heating, right mixture of paving, leveling and compaction, etc.. These operations Jimmy initially bionics and Newtonian mechanics-based, Modern science and the development of engineering machineryoperating principle of laying the foundation for innovation. For example, mechanical vibration and pulse jet, the photoelectric effect and thermal physics, the application of mechanical engineering to save resources and improve the quality of construction improve production efficiency, reliability and driving comfort and a degree of automation to create conditions.Excavators, bulldozers, loaders, and other earthmoving machinery cutting groundbreaking project, we had no struggle milling, high-frequency vibration, Liquid gas jet method and porous ground breaking law. Groundbreaking use of the new operating principle of transformation to a bucket, can loosen the soil excavation for the high-intensity rock, Under normal circumstances can reduce the unit cost of earthwork and improve production efficiency, and the soil near the building when substitute bored-blasting method.Vibratory Roller is a mechanical vibration and have reached a "sluggish vibration to" operational effectiveness of the most powerful note. High-frequency vibration compaction technology is the application of modern dynamics in the mechanical engineering important research results, In vibratory roller simultaneously with the application of vibration isolation theory. 90s of the 20th century, there have been a level of vibration (vibration) and vertical vibration directional vibration compaction method, and an AM-vibration and different from the harmonic vibration of chaotic vibration vibratory compaction operating principle, and the formation of the corresponding series of vibratory roller. Impact Roller broke the existing traditional cylindrical roller structure, Use 3-5 edge with the pressure roller polygon dragged by a tractor, 2-3 times per second in order to impact on the ground. This has dramatic impact on the seismic wave propagation characteristics, the depth of compaction several times with the RCC and incremental, 5m in the depths of the degree of compaction of up 90%-92%. Impact Roller is static shock, vibration and rub it smashes the comprehensive role for large fill, Collapse dry sand and soil filling the compaction.Asphalt paver Weiping equipment is operating principles of mechanical engineering innovation typical example. Fung plate diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or electric heating and 60 Hz frequency of vibration, and using infrared, ultrasonic or laser leveling, is a multidisciplinary high-tech applications. This leveling the technology can be applied to the ground plane, as amlodipine or fine leveling the slope.Transfer frequency mechanical vibration is also commonly used for drilling, stone crushing and sieving and Shen pulling piling works. The stone drying can use diesel, fuel oil and coal combustion of various fuels on the asphalt from the barrel, heating and asphalt mixture, stirring and insulation process is the full use of thermal theory of physics. Asphalt emulsion and some are modified chemical reaction physical specific application.2、drive innovation : universal hydraulic and electric driveHydraulic drive in the 20th century, the 1960s applied to the roller, only 10 years on the time has been spread and popularize. Now roller travel, vibration, steering and braking systems has achieved the full hydraulic drive. Hydraulic drive greatly simplified the roller drive and control system design, hydraulic drive a smooth, convenient manipulation effort, easy to achieve variablespeed and automation, in general, improve the production efficiency of roller compaction and quality. Now foreign markets have seen very little mechanical transmission of the roller.Hydrostatic drive technology in the 1970s began to use bulldozers, and will soon be extended to a number of small and medium bulldozers and loaders, the United States John Deere, Caterpillar, Germany Bohai benefit companies and Dole produced by Komatsu of Japan has production and sales pushed Temple hydraulic machines and loaders. Hydrostatic drive not to use hydraulic torque converter, which dispense with the left lane and brake parts and mechanical drive, use of a safety valve on mechanical and hydraulic systems overload protection, and the index of smaller power play biggest index, its remaining power available in the auxiliary machinery operation.German company Deutsche mark and Lee Bohai Fall of other public companies in 1954 and in 1955 took the lead in developing a hydraulic excavator , but the hydrostatic transmission in large excavator is the popularization and application of the 1970s. Since the early 1980s, excavators and subdivided, is gradually realized - powered, rotary and the hydraulic excavator of. In the international market excavators, were all eliminated various mechanical drive.Late history of the birth of the road is more mechanical hydraulic drive-based, such as paver, soil stabilizer, Pavement milling machine, hydraulic transmission smoothness help improve the quality of the roads paved. Drilling in the car and drilling machines, hydraulic transmission has replaced the previous aerodynamic, Wheeled modern cranes and machinery also piling work to the whole in the direction of hydraulic development.Electricity in industrial production while the application has a long history, but in mobile machinery is seldom used. This is because, firstly, to the motor capacity of, a motor with the same power as compared to the hydraulic motor, its weight and bulk to good times, to the machinery space layout brought great difficulties. In addition, the efficiency of electrical transmission over low efficiency and consumption of a large volume of non-ferrous metals. But electric drive can be well realized variable speed, braking and electrical power streaming -- Drive more convenient and easy to large tub, large excavator and large loaders, engine-generator-electric wheels will transfer power. Germany V ogele also been developed for electric power will transfer wheel. Germany V ogele also been developed electric drive an asphalt paver, the aircraft's systems are all rotary motor driven electricity, Only Hopper CDCC and comfort slab leveling tank still use hydraulic transmission. The other is the regional mobile operations in the smaller mining site, the use of electric drive large excavator loaders, Such use of electric drive power transmission cables without the engine installed on the machines.3、ergonomic innovations : a people-oriented and simplified operation1980s of the 20th century, Many of the world's largest engineering machinery manufacturing company has invested considerable human and financial resources for modern design methodology of the research and used. Ergonomics is a "people-oriented" design, with emphasis on the machines mutual coordination and crew safety, driving comfort, convenience in the driver's operation and maintenance technologies, such drivers both improved working conditions, andincreased production efficiency, and some of the engineering machinery vibration, noise, emissions and the prevention of roller drop from the development of the new standard, and even those laws.Now all kinds of projects are mechanical design roller defense and falling-object protective devices to protect the personal safety of the drivers, with the cab and are designed and installed. Indoor driving sufficient human space and broad vision, and to take the necessary seals, vibration, noise and temperature control measures. Indoor chairs, pieces of the stick, gauges and the monitor according to ergonomics and design and minimize the manipulation and control of parts. To reduce driver fatigue, to choose the suspension damping chairs, and to develop a gas-liquid system hanging with the cab floor.Electronic technology, mechanical engineering applications, which greatly simplifies the driver's operational procedures and to the machine's technical performance. The use of electronic control machine can automatically choose the mode of operation, such as excavators to the three operating modes -- boom priority, Rotary priorities and micro-adjustment tandem wheels all vibration and vibration. Electronic monitoring can detect and remove machines system failures, such as engine oil pressure loss. Fan fracture belt drive, hydraulic oil contamination or overheating and oil filter blockage, can promptly lights or audible alarm, by the use of electronic sensor device can handle automatic detection machines quality of the work, If random vibration testing of the degree of compaction roller, automatic detection and adjustment of the asphalt mixture ratio and size distribution outlet temperature.American muffler technology company developed an electronic silencer, electronic equipment engine exhaust noise analysis of the wave structure, and produce a phase difference of 180 ° with the acoustic interference, This "anti-noise" and the engine exhaust noise offset, which over the purpose of the muffler. Such a muffler -- can be used to eliminate the basic engine noise and the noise indoor driving. Muffler and isolation through the engineering machinery driving indoor noise can be reduced to 70dB (A) below.In addition, by concentrating on lubrication, automatic lubrication and fault alarm, greatly reducing the engineering and mechanical maintenance workload. Dreiser companies axis articulated loader lubrication cycle extended to 2000h. oil and filter replacement cycle extended to 250h; Caterpillar loader routine maintenance to shorten the time 3.45min. 100 hours use of the technical maintenance for only 6-7min.4、Creative : industrial design with the environmentModern science and technology of high-speed development, promoting social progress, for humanity to a high degree of material civilization and spiritual civilization. Industrial design is the product of industrial product design, product also known as the art form. Mechanical Products art forms should be able to demonstrate its function in a rational and external quality of uniformity, the product should reflect the advanced technology and meet the aesthetic requirements of modernity.For mechanical engineering, said it was "a Paper goods sold," That is an exaggeration, butnot to modeling design is certainly not desirable. Modeling the mechanical engineering design of the machine can shape their structure, function and use requirements, paying and with the psychological and physical coordination. This modeling design should include ministries of proper body fluid, color coordination, Instrumentation layout beautiful and easy to operate and intuitive sign in the trademark symbol. Now the world's major companies have attached great importance to the products of industrial design, and a specialized research and design.A world leader left the compactor manufacturers -- BMW, his third of the mechanical compaction machine modeling experts from the industrial design Louis.L.lepoix design, have a good overall result. The series dismounting replacement filter, transmission pieces, hoses and routine maintenance is very convenient. Adopt modern arc-shaped dip in the cab and the engine hood broadminded, fluent lines, with the flavor of the times. Driving the steering wheel height and angle adjustable, choose a comfortable high back seats adjustable damping. Drivers prepare for a good operating environment. Instrumentation site design, easier to observe and control, tilt hood of the driver to provide a good perspective. Hydraulic steering gear shifted to the cab, driving to reduce indoor heat and noise. Arc-shaped windscreen of the cab and four SUPPORT able to isolate noise and vibration. indoor noise below 70dB (A).Many other engineering machinery are also different degrees of emphasis on industrial design, layout components such as depression, to reduce the center of gravity of the aircraft; Supporting appropriate to expand the area to increase the machine's stability; about as symmetrical layout, to meet the aesthetic; Appearance removed some of the corner, the edge, to show the fluency, and other lines. Construction Machinery paint more of its industrial design is an important part of the unit should be interesting colors, increase the safety of the working environment, and with the field construction site is pure green fields, coordination, Topping the use of the waist line and increase the level to get off the color machines can increase the concentration of visual stability.5、artificial intelligence Innovation : intelligent robotic machinesMechanical engineering in the construction field instead of the manual to expand the functions of the hands and feet, traditional machinery can be resolved in good physical and physiological burden, not to mention the relief of spiritual and psychological burden. Modern engineering machinery should be given its soulful, intelligent engineering machinery is a thinking mind (microcomputer) sensorium (sensors), neural network (electronic transmission). Derrnatopathy (power and transmission), and hand, foot bones (work with devices running) for telecommunications systems integration.Machine is not electromechanical integration of telecommunications and information technology with a simple, it poses the system must have five functions : ①detection and identification with the objects of their work and working conditions of the function; ② goal with under their own decision-making function; ③have to respond to the decision-making, implementation support movement functions; ④with automated monitoring and self-revisionprocess functions; ⑤z own self-protection and security troubleshooting functions. This is the Intelligent Engineering Machinery some specific goals.In mechanical engineering intelligent process, from beginning to end, filled with self-learning technology and the use of adaptive technology. Now for the integration of telecommunications technology for the engine and hydraulic system and electrical system of full control machines are being given various feelings and wisdom. In the process with the state of real-time monitoring on the basis of mechanical engineering from the partial automation of the transition to full automation, and toward unmanned remote control and the trend of development. With the intervention of artificial intelligence, engineering machinery will accelerate its modern fast process, Gradual transition to a fully operational wisdom of the target robot. At that time, some new robotic operating procedures will come into being.中文译文现代工程机械行业的技术进步大型机械式挖掘机在目前国际国内在矿山开采及工程施工中有着广泛的应用，其性能的优劣对生产率有很大的影响.在国际市场竟争日趋激烈的今天，如何提高产品的质量是提高其市场竞争力的关键。
现代机械制造技术的现状和发展方向(英文)
Current situation of the modern machinery m anufacturingtechnologyand its developmentAbstract：The modem machinery manufacturing technology has been increasingly and widely used. However,the machinery manufacturing technology level of our country has a certain disparity with that of the developed country．The direction of manufacturing industry development in the 2 1 st century may summarize as:globalization，virtualization and greenization.Key words：machinery manufacturing；manufacturing system；concurrent engineering；virtual manufacturingThe meaning of modern manufacturing technologies are widely applied elsewhere. It’s generally believed that modern manufacturing technology is a new cross –disciplines contained of mechanical, electronic, information, materials, energy and management skills.At the same time,It result from the traditional manufacturing technology and computer technology, information technology, automatic control technology and other modern high-tech cross-fusion. Also,It makes manufacturing technology content and the level of a qualitative change. Therefore, all those tehniques are known as modern manufacturing technology ,which can integrate contemporary scientific and technological progress of the latest achievements, play the most potential of human and equipment, best exemplify the level of modern manufacturing and achieve the desired technical and economic effects of manufacturing techniques.That has brought vitality to the traditional machinery manufacturing industry.1 Modern Machinery Manufacturing Techniques1.1 Overseas casesIn product design,It’s common to use computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering analysis (CAE) and computer simulation techniques. In processing technology, a ground floor (car question Layer) automation has achieved, including the widely using of machining center (or numerical control technology)and Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), etc.. The developed countries put forward a series of new manufacturing systems,such as computer integrated manufacturing systems, intelligent manufacturing systems, concurrent engineering and agile manufacturing, in terms of a new concept of manufacturing system automation.1.1.1 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)CIMS,a manufacturing system, organically integrate a variety of decentralized automation systems of all the production activities through computers and software,on the basic of automation technology, information technology and manufacturing technology,whih is suitable for small and medium-sized production with overall efficient and flexible manufacturing systems.Firstly function, it includes a full factory production and management activities, that is, from the market prediction, product design, process technology, manufacturing, management to after-sales service and scrapping all the activities. So,Its scope is much greater than the traditional factory.It’s a complex large-scale systems and the direction of development of factory automation. Secondly, in the integration,the automation is an organic integration with the support of network and distributed database rather than esay staking of all aspects of fatory automation. This integration is mainly reflected in technology integration with the characteristics of information and funtion, that is, information integration and functional integration.The core of computer Integrated Manufacturing System is the CAD / CAM technology.1.1.2 Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS)IMS refers to the application of artificial intelligence techniques such as expert system, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks to manufacturing systems in order to solve decision-making problem and improve the level and practicality of manufacturing system.Instead of worker’s skills,the artificial intelligence is to learn experience and knowledge of engineering technical personnel,trying to solve practical problems in production,so that a series of valuable experiences will be accumulated to play a long-term role in actual production.The artificial intelligence is the core of Intelligent Manufacturing System.1.1.3 Concurrent Engineering (CE)Concurrent Engineering,known as simultaneous engineering or synchronous engineering,is a concept put forward to change the development process of traditional serial product.Concurrent engineering is an systematic approach of integrated and paralled production design and related processes. The approach requires developers to consider all factors of the product throughout the life cycle, including product manufacturing processes, quality, cost, schedule and user’s requirements. Concurrent engineering makes all the stages develop timely and in parallel by means of computer-aided tools,and interdisciplinary working,thus to shorten the cycle of product development,improve quality of product,reduce costs and enhance thecompetitiveness of enterprise. Concurrent engineering emphasize the parallel work in an integrated enviorment,so, it is the future direction of CIMS development.1.1.4 Agile Manufacturing (AM)Agile Manufacturing, known as sharp manufacturing, rapid manufacturing and flexible manufacturing,is to integrate flexible production technology,manpower to master the knowledge and production skills and flexible management to promote the cooperation among interprises,to make rapid response to consumer demand that can change fast or are unpredictable ones ,as well as to market timing according to setting up common basic structure.The basic principles of agile manufacturing is to use standardized and specialized computer networks and information to integrate infrastructure so as to constitute a virtual manufacturing environment by cconnecting all types of interprises,and to select partners in the principle of competition,and then to adapt to continuous, unpredictable changes in the market through the formation of virtual enterprise.Virtual companies, mapping as virtual manufacturing systems,which is the key of agile manufacturing,is the core of agile manufacturing. Agile manufacturing is a strategic decision,also a new mode of production organization and production patterns,to ensure both own benefit but also access to the common interests.Howdays,the agile manufacturing is on the way of research.1.2 domestic situationOver the last decade, China vigorously promote the application of CIMS technology. In the early 1990s,china has set up the research environment, including CIMS experiments Engineering Center and seven open laboratory.In china, CIMS has deployed a number of research projects, such as CIMS software engineering and standardization, open system structure and development strategies, CIMS overall and integration technology, product design automation, process design automation, flexible manufacturing technology, network and database technology as well as system theory and methods. And various studies have got a wonderful achievement.In recent years, some large and medium-sized backbone enterprises have implemented the factory CIMS project. For istance the Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Company,making National CIMS experiment works for technical support, and Tsinghua University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University are cooperating to develop a computer integrated manufacturing systems engineering. In the company's computer networks and distributed database support,with the integration of management information systems, the information systems of quality, engineering information systems and vehicle automation system.There has been formed a initial integrated system including computer-assisted operation, design, management,and manufacturing in order to meet the needs of many varieties of small batch production.However, There is still a certain gap between china's machinery manufacturing technology level compared with developed countries, the majority of large-scale machinery manufacturing enterprises and the vast majority of small and medium-sized machinery manufacturing enterprises is mainly limited to CAD and management information systems. Due to basic automation of the bottom (shop floor) is also very weak and numerical control machine tools has not play a role beause of the complexity of programming. Machining Center is still low in quantity or in utilization(CNC machine tools in China was only 3.74 percent, while in developed countries has reached more than 70%; abroad have been done 15-19 axis. Resolution of 0.1 ~ 0.01 um, but our country can do 5-6 axis, a resolution of 1um). The use of programmable logic controller is not universal, the application of industrial robots is still very limited. Therefore, to do the basic job for automation manufacturing enterprises in China is still a very urgent and arduous task.2 The development direction of modern machinery manufacturing technologyThe development of modern machinery manufacturing technology is mainly manifested in two facts: One is precision engineering technologies represented by the forefront of ultra-precision machining parts,that is micro-machining and nano-technology,which will enter the micro-mechanical and micro-electronic technology of the era of robot.The other is automation of machinery manufacturing represented by the further development of CIMS and agile manufaturing.Ultra-precision machining of the machining accuracy in 2000 has reached 0.001um (1nm). In the early 21st century the growth of the development of molecular beam techniques, ion implantation technology and materials synthesis, scanning tunneling engineering (STE) can enable the processing accuracy of 0.00013 ~ 0.00011vm (0.13-0.1lnm). Now, precision engineering is reaching the ultimate goal,which is atomic-scale proessing accuracy.In other words, mobile atomic level processing can be access. Processing equipment is developping toward high-precision, high-speed, multi-function, complex, intelligent control, security, environmental protection, has broken through the traditional format of the original machine in the structure.The development direction in the 21st century can be summarized as Globalization,Virtualization and Greenization.2.1 GlobalizationGlobalization in manufacturing is regarded as the most important development trends of manufacturing automation in the 21st century.Recent, International operations play a essential role in big companies and small and medium-sized enterprises’success.The first technique of globalization of manufacturing is based on network and the rapid development of communication technology of network has bring about revolutionary changes to the enterprise of production and business activities. Product design, material selection, parts manufacturing, marketing and product sales can be carried out in different places or across borders, to realize the globalization of manufacturing. The second technique is based on integration and standardization. Manufacturing in different places is actually realizing product information integration, functional integration, process integration and enterprise integration and standardization is the basic .key to realize integration.It can be said, no standardization ,no globalization.2.2 VirtualizationVirtualization refers to the virtual technology in design process or in virtual technology and manufacturing process,which can speed up the product development and reduce development risks.The virtual tehnology in product design is the analysis techniques facing to product structure and performance with the goal to optimize the product performance and cost. Including sports simulation of products and interference testing, dynamic analysis, design, ergonomics analysis, strength and stiffness of the finite element calculations and so on .The virtual tehnology in manufacturing process refers to the product-oriented production process simulation and testing. The testing products of machinability, processing methods and reasonable processes. To optimize the product manufacturing process,regarding product quality, production cycle and the lowest cost as its target.And to carry out production process planning, organizational management, shop scheduling, supply chain and logistics design modeling and simulation..Virtualization is the core of computer simulation. We can stimulate the real system by means of stimulation software to find the shortomings and errors of the design and production,In order to ensure the rationlity of product design and product process, the success of manufacturing and production cycles.2.3 GreenThe ISO9000 series of international quality standards and the ISO14000 international environmental standards which have been promulgated and implemented have put forward a new topic that green should be realized rapidly. Green Manufacturing through the green (green design, green materials, green equipment, green technology, green packaging, green management) produce green products and then recycle through grean treatment after using the green product. Adoption of green manufacturing can minimun the negative impact on the environment to some degree and maximum the use efficiency of raw materials and energy.We are facing a major task that how to make effective use of resources and reduce environmental pollution to a minimum degree. Green Manufacturing is a modern model which has an integrated consideration of environmental impact and resource efficiency.Actually,It is the embodiment of the strategy of sustainable development of human society on the modern manufaturing as well as an important fator to be considered by the automation system in the future.3 ConclusionWe should fully understand the status quo of the modern mechanical manufacturing technology and grasp the development trends of it ,then to make researh of it effectively.Besides,we should improve the advaned manufacturing technology trying to realize the translation from manufaturing country to manufacturing power.References:【1】 Wu Shu-yan, Jiang Road Festival. Contemporary Integrated Manufacturing System Technology and Development Discussion [J]. China's scientific and technological information, 2006 (6) :129-133.【2】 Kong new. Die virtual manufacturing system and its key technologies applied research [J]. Mechanical manufacturing and automation. 2005 (6) :67-71.【3】Huamao hair, Xie Qi. Machinery Manufacturing Technology [M]. Beijing: Mechanical T ~ II, Press, 2004.【4】 Ningruxin,zhaorujia. CAD / CAM technology [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press..。
2023年高空作业机械行业市场分析现状
2023年高空作业机械行业市场分析现状
高空作业机械行业是指用于高空作业的吊篮、升降平台、爬升机等机械设备的制造、销售及相关服务行业。
随着人们对建筑安全和工程高效的要求越来越高，高空作业机械行业市场也在逐渐壮大。
首先，高空作业机械行业市场需求逐渐增加。
随着城市化进程的推进，高层建筑和市政工程越来越多，需要进行高空作业。
高空作业机械设备提供了高效、安全的高空作业解决方案，受到市场的广泛认可和需求。
其次，高空作业机械行业市场竞争激烈。
目前，高空作业机械企业众多，市场竞争激烈。
一方面，国内品牌的崛起使市场竞争更加激烈，不再完全依赖进口设备；另一方面，国外品牌也在加大对中国市场的拓展，不断提高产品质量和技术含量。
因此，高空作业机械企业需要提高自身的技术研发能力和市场营销能力，以在市场竞争中占据一席之地。
再次，高空作业机械行业市场存在一些问题。
首先，行业发展不平衡，部分地区市场需求较大，而另一些地区市场需求相对较小。
其次，一些高空作业机械企业在产品质量、售后服务等方面还存在一些问题，需要加强管理和改进。
最后，高空作业机械行业市场前景广阔。
随着城市建设和基础设施建设的不断推进，高空作业机械的市场需求将会持续增加。
同时，随着技术的不断进步和创新，高空作业机械设备的性能和功能将会不断提升，更好地满足市场需求。
因此，高空作业机械行业市场前景看好。
综上所述，高空作业机械行业市场在需求增加的同时，也面临着激烈的市场竞争和一些问题。
然而，市场前景依然广阔，高空作业机械企业需要加强技术研发和市场营销，提高产品质量和服务水平，以占据市场份额，实现持续发展。
国内外高空作业机械的现状及发展趋势(下)
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国内外高空作业机械的现状及发展趋势（） 下
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表６ 我国装修 与高 空作业机械产销量情 况统计表
高空 ２０年 ０９ 作业车 ２ １年 ００ 高空作 ２ ０ 年 ０９
国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向
我 国高 空作 业 机 械 产 品 的 需 求 量 随 着 国 民经 济 和城 市建 设 的 发 展 逐 年 增 加 ，各 种 规 格 的新 产
品近几 年 增 加 较 快 。如北 京 起 重 机 器 厂 在 短 短 几
台 ２ ０ 台 ，高空作业车 ８ ０台。行业几个骨干企 ５０ ０
业 通 过近几 年 的技 术 改 造 ，其 生 产规 模 不 断 扩 大 ， 形 成 了各 自特 色 的产 品 系列 ，基 本 能 满 足 国 内市
年 时 间先 后 开 发 了 车 载 剪 叉 式 平 台 、剪 叉 自行 式 平 台 、折臂 式 平 台 、单 桅 柱 铝 合 金 平 台 和 双 桅 柱 铝合 金平 台 、箱 型 截 面 铝 合 金 桅 柱 平 台、手 动 铝 合 金桅 柱 平 台等 近 １ ０个 品种 、３ ０多 个 规 格 的 产
［ 文献 标识码 ］Ｃ
［ 文章 编号 ］１０—５Ｘ（０ ６０—０４０ ０ １５４ ２０ ）８ ５—３ ０
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场高空作业机械 的需要 ，企业 的各项 主要 经济指 标逐 步上 升 ，经济效 益也 逐年 提高 。
１ 高空作业机械行 业的发展现状
１１ 产 品性 能提 高 ． 我 国高 空 作 业 机 械行 业 的 一 些 骨 干 企 业 利 用 自己的技 术 和 设 备 优 势 ，通 过 学 习 、 引 进 和 消 化 国外 先进 技 术 开发 了许 多 新 产 品 ，其 产 品 的技 术
全球及中国高空作业平台行业现状及趋势
全球及中国高空作业平台行业现状及趋势一、全球高空作业平台现状全球高空作业平台制造商集中度较高，2020年全球前3制造商销售额占比超过35%；全球前6制造商销售额占比超过53%；全球前10制造商销售额占比超过70%；全球前20制造商销售额占比超90%。
但是从2015-2020年全球高空作业平台制造商，不论是前三，还是前二十市场集中度都逐渐降低。
从企业来看，JLG是全球最大的高空作业平台制造商，2020年JLG 市场占有率达到15.5%。
其次为Terex AWP占据全球高空作业平台制造商13.7%的市场份额。
两者合计市场份额接近30%，全球高空作业平台制造商市场集中度仍然维持较高水平。
全球高空作业平台设备企业从收入体量来看，JLG及吉尼仍然是全球收入体量最大的两家公司。
除中国企业和少数外企之外，2020年全球前20的制造商销售额均表现不同程度的下滑。
2020年全球前5大制造商销售额大部分呈现不同程度的下滑，但排名保持不变。
例如，2019年JLG的销售额为23.65亿元，2020年销售额14.37亿元，同比下降39.2%，仍位居全球第一。
2019年全球前五大制造商销售额为66.19亿元，2020年全球前五大制造商销售额为44.16亿元，同比下降33.3%。
二、中国高空作业平台现状高空作业机械在工程机械行业各产品门类中发展起步较晚，但近年来行业发展速度远超行业平均水平。
尽管工程机械是典型的周期性行业，受基建、房地产、矿山等固定资产投资的直接影响，但是高空作业机械设备目前在国内依然属于新兴市场，行业增量空间比较大，因此销售规模扩张较快。
2020年我国高空作业平台销量达到10.36万台，同比增长35.1%，在整个工程机械行业中是最具成长性的板块。
臂式能够满足高度更高的作业需求且能够跨越一定的障碍或在一处升降可进行多点作业，作业方式更加灵活，但是成本相对较高。
近年来随着高空机械设备发展的多样化和下游产业数量越来越多，臂式高空作业平台的市场需求也在快速上升。
2023年高空作业机械设备行业市场分析现状
2023年高空作业机械设备行业市场分析现状高空作业机械设备行业是指用于在施工现场进行高空作业的专用设备，主要包括吊篮、升降平台、塔吊、起重机等。
随着城市建设的快速发展，高层建筑越来越多，对高空作业机械设备的需求也越来越大。
本文将对高空作业机械设备行业的市场分析进行阐述。
一、高空作业机械设备行业市场规模高空作业机械设备行业市场规模庞大，市场需求量持续增长。
据统计数据显示，2018年中国高空作业机械设备行业市场规模达到了300亿元，预计到2025年将达到500亿元以上。
随着城市建设的不断推进和人们对高层建筑的需求不断增加，高空作业机械设备行业市场规模有望进一步扩大。
二、高空作业机械设备行业市场竞争格局目前，高空作业机械设备行业市场竞争格局较为激烈，主要有国内企业和国际企业两大类。
国内企业主要有华德集团、秦冶、中联重科等，国际企业主要有宝格丽、美卓斯等。
这些企业在技术研发、设备制造和市场销售等方面都有一定的竞争优势，其中华德集团在国内市场占有率较高。
未来，高空作业机械设备行业市场竞争格局可能会发生变化，新的竞争者有望加入市场。
三、高空作业机械设备行业市场发展趋势1. 技术升级：随着人们对高层建筑施工质量和安全要求的不断提高，高空作业机械设备的技术水平也会不断升级。
新型设备将更加智能化、自动化、安全可靠，提高施工效率和施工质量。
2. 多功能设备：多功能设备将越来越受到市场的青睐。
一台设备可以同时具备吊运、升降、喷涂等多种功能，降低了设备成本和施工成本，提高了使用率和经济效益。
3. 新兴市场的开拓：高空作业机械设备不仅在建筑施工中有应用，还在其他行业中得到广泛使用，如电力、航空、能源等。
随着新兴市场的不断开拓，高空作业机械设备行业市场需求将进一步增加。
四、高空作业机械设备行业市场面临的挑战1. 技术难题：高空作业机械设备在设计和制造过程中面临着一些技术难题，如抗风能力、设备稳定性等。
如何解决这些技术难题，提高设备的性能和可靠性，是行业面临的重要挑战。
毕业论文外文资料翻译-现代起重机的特征和发展趋向
Characteristics and DevelopmentalTendency of Modern CranesWith rapid development of modern science and technology, magnification of industrial production scale and improvement of automation level, application of cranes is becoming widespread and its function is obvious. Meanwhile, requirements for cranes are more and more strict. Especially, the widespread use of electronic computer technology spurs lots of subject-crossing advanced design approaches and accelerates the improvement of modern manufacturing and detecting technology. Fierce competition in international market becomes more dependent on the competition of technology. All of these impel technological functions of cranes into a brand-new developmental stage. Cranes are facing a tremendous transformation.Our country is entering global international competitive market at an unprecedented rate and crane manufacture is confronted with a new situation where opportunities and challenges coexist. Thus, it is crucial for cranes to develop and innovate constantly. I want to make a brief explanation about characteristics and developmental tendency of modern cranes with examples, based on new theories, technology and trend of cranes at home and overseas.1.Make the key products large, high speed, endured and specializedBecause of continuous expansion of industrial production scale, increasingly improvement of production efficiency and rising proportion of money spending on loading and unloading and transporting materials in the process of production, required amount of large or high-speed cranes is increasing. Lifting quantities become larger, working speed becomes higher and requirements of energy-consuming and reliability become stricter. Cranes have already become a critical link in the process of automation production. Cranes should be easy to use, maintain and operate and have high security, less troubles and long average time between failures. The central issue in international market production competition is reliability, and many companies abroad have drawn up inter-controlled standard of reliability. The most important for us to catch up with and surpass world advanced level of crane’s function is to improve reliability, to make cranes durable, less troubles, maintainable and economic to be used.At the moment, the biggest floating crane in the world weighs 6500t, chain crane 3000t and bridge crane 1200t.Diversity of industrial mode of production and customers’need makes crane market expanding and products renewing constantly to satisfy special needs with specific functions and bring its best usefulness into play. Functions of various kinds of cranes are improving. DEMAG ERGOTECH has developed a crane special for aircraft maintenance, which has made its own way into international market. This crane is great in length and lifting height and has accurate halt. When a flexible maintenance platform fixed under lifting cart, it can reach every part of the aircraft. With the fast development of nuclear power stations in the world, cranes which are special for them achieve corresponding development. For example, annular bridge crane in reactors’space, working under radiative circumstances, is used to lift dangerous load such as top cover of pressure container and components in reactors. It requires high reliability, high security, the ability to determine location accurately and automatically and transfer goods to a lower level, as well as various kinds of protection and particular security devices.2. Make series of production modularized, combined, standardized and practicalMost cranes are produced by series and batch, thus use of systematic multi-objections entire optimization to design series of cranes has already become the key point in development. Through rational matching of series main parameter, its functions can be improved, manufacturing cost can be reduced, and degree of general purpose can be raised. Use less specification spare parts to compose series production with multi-species and multi-specifications. And thus, the requirements of customers can be fully satisfied.By using modularized design instead of conservative entire design, we can make components with similar functions into standard modules which have various uses, similar connective key factors and are interchangeable. Through combination of different modules, we can make different kinds and specifications of cranes. There are only several modules involved when it comes to crane improvement. To design a new style of crane, all that you do is to choose different modules to recompose. Because of improvement in degree of general purpose, single products with small serial production can transform into module production of pretty great batches. As a result, we can achieve specialization production with high efficiency and cut manufacturing cost. It can satisfy marketing demands and increase competitive capacity by composing cranes of various series and specifications using less modularized forms.Bridge crane produced by DEMAG ERGOTECH considered carefully modularization and combination. It makes inter-parameter of series, entirety, mechanism and components matched with each other. The distribution of capacity obtains most economic and suitable effects. To make the main components of lifting mechanism reaches its largest general purpose, the method that the result of lifting weights multiplying lifting speed is a constant has been used. There are more specifications derived through changes of pulley multiplying power. Series of 5-125t bridge cranes only need four basic lifting carts even with various working ranks. Module series of standard wheel cases, which are produced by the company, have various groups of linking holes which can choose different drive unit to form platform carts. They can also combine with metal construction components to be used as running machine of various kinds of cranes; its wheels have several forms of surfaces to be chosen. Because of no basic distance limit and flexible combination, they are widely used. The company’s series of end bridge standard modules have commercialized. It resorts to frictional cycle and high intensity bolt link which improves interchange and accuracy of sizes and reduces machining of connecting covers. It can connect to each main beam quickly and effectively. There are two kinds of end beam modules; one is suitable for single beam and the other is for double beams. According to length and weights, end beam style can be decided.3. Make productions for general purposes small, light, simple and diversifiedThere are quite a number of cranes used in general workshop and storehouse, and thus they have light work and the requirement is not very strict. How to improve application of these cranes and to cut manufacturing cost is critical to win in the marketing competition. Considering comprehensive benefit, the need to decrease the height of cranes as low as possible, to simplify the constructions and to reduce weights and wheel pressure can also decrease structure’s height, lighten structure composition and reduce cost of producing and maintenance. So there will be fast development of electric calabash bridge and light beam cranes, and bridge cranes for general purposes will be replaced by them.The needs of customers advance diversity of cranes. Series parameter scale of cranes expanding and functions enlarging, product of one machine for several useswill obtain further development to increase capacity of dealing with emergencies. The proportion of using wireless remote control under normal conditions will increase.DEMAG ERGOTECH has formed standard crane series of light combinations after long period explosion and innovation. The whole series compose of various productions such as combination “工” style single beam, hanging case single beam, horn cart case single beam and case double beams. There are altogether fifteen forms of connection between main beam and end beam. This is suitable for needs of different structure and lifting goods. Each specification of crane has three single speeds and three double speeds to be chosen. There are seven operating ways. In addition, different electric conduction pattern and different electric control pattern can match hundreds and thousands of cranes through different combinations to fully satisfy different needs of customers. Another advantage of the crane is that they are light. Compared to productions at home, its lifting weight is 32t and length 25.5m compared to 46.4t------weight of double beams cranes in our country, 28.3t------ electric calabash bridge cranes. Weight of DEMAG electric calabash bridge crane is only 18.5, which is lighter than domestic productions by 60 percent and 35percent respectively.现代起重机的特征和发展趋向随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，工业生产规模的扩大和自动化程度的提高，起重机在现代化生产过程中应用越来越广，作用愈来愈大，对起重机的要求也越来越高。
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附录Present situation of access working vehicles industry and itsdevelopment stratagem in ChinaOur work in the machinery production in the late 1970s, rapid development, started the current production management enterprise with several rapidly increased to over 40, and foreign joint ventures or cooperative enterprises have five production. According to 2004 and 2005《the Chinese mechanical engineering yearbook》，2003 annual aloft working machinery industrial output for 32139 million yuan, the production of various kinds of aerial work platform 1906, aerial work platform car 7.4, In 2004, aloft working machinery industrial output for 36340 million yuan, the production of various kinds of aerial work platform 2500, car 800 sets. In recent years, through several backbone enterprise industry technical transformation, the production scale expands unceasingly, formed the respective characteristics of the products can meet the domestic market # aerial work machinery need, its main economic index of enterprise economic benefits are rising gradually, increasing.1 Aloft working machinery industry development present situation1.1 To improve product performanceOur aloft working machinery industry backbone enterprises of some use their equipment and technology advantages, through the study, the introduction and digest its own technology and equipment, through the study, introduce advanced foreign technology and developed many new products, the products of the technical level and product quality is improving, and close to the international similar product level # promoted aloft working machinery industry in the domestic market and technological progress in competitive and market demand, the yield increased rapidly. If Beijing hoisting machine factory developed self-traveling shear fork platform, the spider type folding boom platform, aluminum mast section of the box. One box type aluminum mast section of the largest single mast operation platform will reach the height of 16.5 m, Hangzhou and engineering machine's more mast 22m reached alloy platform, hangzhou aichi engineering vehicles Co., LTD develop full hydraulic driving type self-traveling aerial work platform, the maximum height of 26.7 m homework. The above products fill the blank, domestic products have reached the international advanced level. In addition, in the car factory products, fushun crane, jinzhou heavy machinery Co., LTD, xuzhou construction machinery group and chongqing dajiang industrial (group) Co., LTD has developed over 30 aloft work, broken fire only depending on the imported products of domestic situation of the weak.1.2 Product category and quantity increasingOur work with the mechanical product demand of national economy and the development of urban construction increased year by year, all kinds of new products increased rapidly in recent years. If Beijing hoisting machine factory in just a few shortyears time successively developed car scissor platform, shear fork self-traveling platform, folding boom type platform, single mast aluminum alloy platform and double mast section aluminum box platform, aluminum mast platform, manual mast platform for nearly 10 varieties of products to more than 30 specifications. Hangzhou's "engineering machine developed in recent years has single mast aluminum alloy platform, mast platform and aluminum mast platform, aluminum mast completed 10m platform and 12m 14m 16m 18m,,,, and seven kinds of specifications 22m were developed. Hangzhou aichi engineering vehicles Co., LTD has developed the self-traveling hydraulic drive aerial work platform for domestic shipping building, building, airport and mining enterprise of installation and maintenance, provides the new project. PuYuan group Co., LTD. Has developed 12m 16m, 30, and 20m 25m, car and QKH8-19-8 lifting and car. Jinzhou heavy machinery Co., LTD. In recent years has completed 22m, high altitude 32m 50m, big JiuYuanChe fire, xuzhou heavy machinery finished high altitude JiuYuanChe 67m big fire[19].2 Aloft working machinery industry problems（1）Part of enterprise technology innovation ability is poorPart of the enterprise value product update and new product development, product decades of consistent, specifications, single market business enterprise product yield, narrow range declined year by year, industry benefits. In recent years, the work of mechanical products into the domestic, such as Finland, the United States JLG, Bronto company is well-established and Genin, Up Skyjack Snorkel, such as Britain, Italy, Denmark, some famous companies in China were successively established offices, and in the large and special products of high product main domestic markets, still holds such as aerial insulation car, spiders type high operation platform, self-traveling aerial work platform, etc. These imported products performance is good, beautiful appearance, price and domestic products, strong competitiveness.(2) Most of the enterprise with independent production,Specialized production craft level is very low, backward, low labor productivity. A small companies, small mill production enterprises, such as aerial work machinery in jiangsu, guangdong, a region have dozens of small business enterprise, the product yield less, poor quality, low price, severe shock and affect the normal market sales.3 Aloft working machinery industry development direction3.1 Increase the enterprise technological innovationAloft working industry as a new industry, urban construction to adjust the structure of products. To grasp the power supply with aloft working mechanical products, construction machinery and charged up self-traveling insulating aerial work mechanical product development, indoor light work platform and 25m above fire rescue car development and application. The general development trend is to expand the scope of homework assignments machinery aloft to satisfy different needs of assignment , To ensure the safe use of personnel homework, Improve control and performance.Aerial work platform products in domestic most previous hand thrust, big volume weight, quality, change is very difficult, and to work site users and inconvenience on product developed countries have updated. Therefore, the development of light alloyplatform and self-traveling platform a broad prospect in recent years, the development from domestic sales alloy platform to also proved this point.Priority should be controlled mechanical aloft work safety and protection technology, indoor and outdoor light work platform and operation platform and big homework self-traveling amplitude platform and new-type multi-functional car research and development.3.2 Develop special engineering vehicle chassisTo improve our car technology level, must solve engineering problems vehicle chassis. China now is to improve the overall level of automobile industry, collectivize way, and actively introduce scale of foreign capital and technology, but also to light chassis. Car manufacturers should be based on the car according to the specific requirements, specifically designed light, medium and heavy truck chassis for car modified.3.3 Extended use of the product function and purposeOur high mechanical use scope is narrow, the use of main street lamp, road traffic, have garden department, the domestic manufacturer mostly concentrated in the subway station, user, stores, factories, power, and other departments, its market street is far from mining and cultivation. Aloft working machinery in the promising electricity, telecommunications and cable TV system using less, investigate its reason is the domestic product technical performance and parameters can completely meet the requirement of three systems used in product usage and function, also should be updated. If be used in aerial work mechanical construction to substitute some scaffold construction, building exterior surface decoration, cleaning and maintenance, etc.But from the product of adaptability, technical performance on breakthrough[20].With the development of our national economy, power of industrial and agricultural production and people's life, the country has inestimable loss begins to implement the electricity law of the power supply reliability requirements, more and more high, the first-class enterprise in power system of power supply reliability requirement activities, so how to achieve 99.9% power maintenance - doesn't solve the problem with some homework has been very prominent.This new car to break the routine work, the pattern, the plane to using non-metallic arm high insulation materials, work for the operation of the control measures of general electric, and not even lift, with liquid control ability, and have more reliable safety and stability, fine-tuning. Telecom and cable TV system used car requirement, can walk street, flexible, convenient operation, wear lane ride comfort. This requires design of advanced automobile chassis, small power output and solve problems. Particular attention should be paid to the car, new product development can limit on car, should consider it is a kind of engineering machinery, in order to adapt to the need of user as the premise, walking style can use electric self-traveling hydraulic control, tires, self-traveling self-traveling, caterpillar self-traveling etc. Our ship industry to tire self-traveling hydraulic control of the car industry, building a great demand for products will produce self-traveling crawler demand, interior decoration, cleaning industry needs motor car self-traveling. With the highway and bridge, gradually appear to have negative low-altitude homework properties of car, in order to solve the problem of the road viaduct, this kind of special car in abroad, but in China already has just begun.国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向我国高空作业机械的生产于20世纪70年代末开始起步，发展较快，目前生产经营企业已由原来的几家迅速增加到40余家，其中与国外合资或合作生产的企业有5家。