Lecture 4_Shallow foundations_bearing capacity (1)
建筑工程专业英语课件专业英语第3单元
Text A Components of a Building
Construction of Foundation Foundation is a very important part of a building. Foundation
engineering is a special subject. A foundation engineer should know how to examine the soil profile and arrive at a suitable foundation. The following are some of the different types of foundation generally used:
1. Planning the orientation, layout and dimension of the rooms of the building
2. The preparation of the features to make the building attractive Work of this nature for small buildings may be taken by nonarchitects also. However, the construction of a building should always be carried out under the supervision of a qualified person. We will now briefly examine the construction of the different components of buildings.
Text A Components of a Building
2024浙江一月英语读后续写分析与范文
2024浙江一月英语读后续写分析与范文Title: Reflections on the January English Reading Comprehension and Writing Section in Zhejiang Province, 2024 The January English reading comprehension and writing section in Zhejiang Province for 2024 presented a diversearray of texts and prompts, challenging candidates to engage critically with various themes and subjects. In this analysis, we delve into the structure of the exam, the types of questions posed, common pitfalls, and strategies foreffective response, culminating in a sample essay that demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the task.**Exam Structure:**The exam typically comprises multiple reading passages followed by corresponding comprehension questions and awriting task. Passages may vary in length and complexity,covering topics ranging from social issues to literary excerpts.**Types of Questions:**Comprehension questions often assess candidates' abilityto infer meaning, identify main ideas, analyze literary techniques, and evaluate arguments. These questions requirenot only a grasp of surface-level content but also deeper comprehension and critical thinking skills.**Common Pitfalls:**One common pitfall is rushing through passages and questions without fully understanding the nuances of the text. Additionally, overlooking key details or misinterpreting information can lead to inaccurate responses. In the writing section, failing to structure arguments coherently or neglecting to support claims with evidence may result in a weaker essay.**Strategies for Effective Response:**To excel in the reading comprehension section, candidates should practice active reading techniques such as annotating the text, summarizing main points, and making connections between ideas. For the writing task, outlining a clear thesis statement, organizing arguments logically, and incorporating relevant examples and evidence are essential strategies.**Sample Essay:**Prompt: "Discuss the impact of technology on interpersonal relationships in the 21st century, providing examples to support your argument."In the 21st century, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, profoundly influencing interpersonal relationships. While proponents argue that technology enhances connectivity, critics raise concerns about its detrimental effects on genuine human interaction. This essay contends that while technology facilitates convenience andglobal communication, it also poses challenges to meaningful interpersonal relationships.One significant impact of technology on interpersonal relationships is the erosion of face-to-face communication skills. With the prevalence of digital communication platforms, individuals rely heavily on text-based interactions, diminishing opportunities for in-person conversations. As a result, essential social skills such as interpreting nonverbal cues and expressing empathy may deteriorate, hindering the development of meaningful connections.Furthermore, the curated nature of online personas often leads to superficial relationships. Social media platforms promote self-presentation and validation-seeking behavior, fostering an environment where individuals prioritize projecting idealized versions of themselves over authentic interactions. Consequently, relationships built on shallowfoundations lack depth and sincerity, undermining the essence of genuine human connection.Moreover, technology can create barriers to intimacy and emotional expression. The convenience of instant messagingand social media may discourage individuals from engaging in meaningful conversations that require vulnerability and emotional openness. Consequently, relationships may become transactional, lacking the emotional depth necessary for sustained connection and intimacy.However, it is essential to acknowledge that technology also facilitates connectivity and fosters relationshipsacross geographical boundaries. Through video calls, social networking sites, and online communities, individuals can maintain connections with friends, family, and peersregardless of distance. Additionally, technology provides avenues for marginalized groups to find community and support, enriching their interpersonal experiences.In conclusion, while technology offers unprecedented opportunities for communication and connectivity, its impact on interpersonal relationships is multifaceted. While acknowledging the benefits of technology in facilitating global connections, we must also address its challenges, including the erosion of face-to-face communication skills, the proliferation of superficial relationships, and barriers to emotional intimacy. Ultimately, fostering genuine interpersonal connections in the digital age requires a mindful balance between leveraging technology's advantages and preserving the essence of human interaction.In summary, the January English reading comprehension and writing section in Zhejiang Province for 2024 demanded a nuanced understanding of various texts and themes, coupled with critical thinking skills and effective communication abilities. By employing active reading strategies, avoiding common pitfalls, and structuring coherent responses,candidates could navigate the exam successfully and articulate insightful analyses and arguments.。
基底原始记录基底地质情况范文
基底原始记录基底地质情况范文英文回答：General Site Geotechnical Report.Project: New Construction Residential Development.Location: [Address]Client: [Client Name]Date: [Date]1. Introduction.This geotechnical report presents the results of a subsurface investigation performed at the site of a proposed new construction residential development. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the subsurface conditions at the site and to provide geotechnicalrecommendations for the design and construction of the proposed development.2. Site Description.The site is located at [address] and consists of [number] acres of undeveloped land. The site is currently vacant and covered in vegetation. The topography of thesite is relatively flat, with a gentle slope to the east.3. Subsurface Investigation.The subsurface investigation included the following:Borings: Four borings were drilled to depths ranging from 50 to 75 feet below the ground surface.Sampling: Soil samples were collected from the borings at regular intervals.Laboratory Testing: The soil samples were tested in the laboratory to determine their physical and engineeringproperties.4. Subsurface Conditions.The subsurface conditions at the site generally consist of the following:Topsoil: The topsoil is typically dark brown to black in color and consists of organic matter, silt, and clay. The topsoil is typically 12 inches thick.Clay: The clay is typically brown to gray in color and is stiff to hard in consistency. The clay is typically 20 to 40 feet thick.Sand: The sand is typically brown to yellow in color and is fine to medium grained. The sand is typically loose to dense in consistency. The sand is typically 30 to 50feet thick.5. Geotechnical Recommendations.Based on the subsurface conditions at the site, the following geotechnical recommendations are made:Foundations: The proposed buildings should be supported on shallow foundations, such as spread footings or mat foundations. The footings should be placed at a depth of at least 24 inches below the ground surface.Excavations: Excavations for the proposed buildings should be sloped or braced to prevent collapse. The excavations should be kept as dry as possible to prevent sloughing.Grading: The site should be graded to provide positive drainage away from the proposed buildings. The grading should be completed in accordance with the approved grading plan.6. Limitations.This report is based on the subsurface conditions observed at the boring locations. Variations in thesubsurface conditions may exist between the boring locations. The recommendations presented in this report are based on the assumption that the subsurface conditions at the site are typical of those encountered at the boring locations.中文回答：基底原始记录基底地质情况。
汉译英基础建筑
汉译英基础建筑基础建筑（Foundation Construction）是建筑学中的一个重要领域，是指用于支撑建筑物本身以及应对来自地面和周边环境的各种力和荷载的一系列工程和结构。
基础建筑主要包括浅基础和深基础两种类型。
浅基础是指建筑物承受轻荷载时所采用的基础形式，包括板基础、条基础、垫石基础等。
深基础则是建筑物承受重荷载时所采用的基础形式，包括钻孔灌注桩、螺旋桩、钢管桩等。
在基础建筑中，土工材料的选用和处理也是一个重要问题，对基础的安全性和稳定性有着重要影响。
Basic construction is an important field in the study of architecture. It refers to a series of engineering and structures used to support the building itself and to cope with various forces and loads from the ground and surrounding environment. Basic construction mainly includes two types: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations are used for light loads and include slab foundations, strip foundations, and pad stone foundations. Deep foundations are used for heavy loads and include drilled-injection piles, helical piles, and steel pipe piles. In basic construction, the selection and treatment of geotechnical materials is also an important issue that has a significant impact on thesafety and stability of the foundation.。
香港理工大学殷建华老师之PPT
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Essential References: (1) Das, Braja M. (2007). Principles of Foundation Engineering (6th edition), Thomson, United States (ISBN 0-534-40752-8)
2
Lecture 6: Sheet Pile Walls (Chapter 6-Das) 板樁墻
深基坑开挖与支护设计
殷建华
The Department of Civil & Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
1
Outline of Lectures by JH YIN:
Lecture 1: Subsoil Exploration (Chapter 2-Das) Lecture 2: Shallow Foundations (Chapter 3-Das) Lecture 3: Mat Foundations (Chapter 4-Das) Lecture 4: Lateral Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls (Chapter 5-Das) Lecture 5: Sheet Pile Walls (Chapter 6-Das) Lecture 6: Braced Cuts (Chapter 7-Das) Lecture 7: Pile Foundations (Chapter 8-Das) Lecture 8: Soil Improvement and Ground Modification (Chapter 11Das plus others)
奠基需要注意的问题
奠基需要注意的问题英文回答：When it comes to laying the foundation, there are several important factors that need to be taken into consideration. First and foremost, it is crucial to ensure that the ground is properly prepared before starting the construction process. This involves conducting a thorough soil analysis to determine its stability and load-bearing capacity. By doing so, potential issues such as soil settlement or shifting can be identified and addressed beforehand.Another key aspect to consider is the type of foundation that is most suitable for the specific project. There are different types of foundations, such as shallow foundations and deep foundations, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, shallow foundations are typically used for lighter structures, while deep foundations are more suitable for larger andheavier buildings. The choice of foundation will depend on factors such as the soil conditions, the size and weight of the structure, and the local building codes and regulations.Furthermore, it is important to ensure that the foundation is properly designed and constructed. This involves hiring a qualified engineer or architect who can create a detailed plan that takes into account factors such as the load requirements, the structural design, and the local building codes. The foundation should be constructed using high-quality materials and techniques to ensure its durability and stability.In addition to these technical considerations, thereare also practical aspects that need to be taken into account. For example, it is important to consider the accessibility of the construction site and the availability of necessary equipment and materials. It is also crucial to coordinate with other contractors and professionalsinvolved in the project to ensure a smooth and efficient construction process.中文回答：在进行奠基工作时，有几个重要因素需要考虑。
桥梁工程毕业论文英文
桥梁工程毕业论文英文Title: Analysis and Design of Bridge StructuresAbstract:Bridge engineering is an integral part of civil engineering and plays a crucial role in connecting communities and facilitating transportation. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and design bridge structures, focusing on key components such as foundations, superstructures, and substructures. The analysis includes evaluating the structural behavior and load carrying capacity through the utilization of various analytical tools. Furthermore, the design phase encompasses selecting suitable materials and designing components to meet safety and durability requirements. The study serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the principles and processes involved in bridge engineering.1. IntroductionBridges are vital infrastructure that connects people, places, and economies. The study of bridge engineering involves the application of core principles like physics, materials science, and mathematics todesign and construct safe and efficient bridge structures. This thesis aims to provide an overview of the analysis and design principles involved in bridge engineering.2. Structural AnalysisThe analysis of bridge structures is crucial to ensure their safety and functionality. This chapter presents various analytical techniques for evaluating bridge behavior. The use of finite element analysis, structural modeling, and computer-aided design software is discussed in detail. Different load types and load combinations are also considered to determine the resilience and load carrying capacity of the bridge.3. Foundation DesignThe foundation is a critical component of any bridge structure, as it transfers the loads from the superstructure to the underlying ground. This chapter explores various foundation types, such as shallow foundations, deep foundations, and pile foundations. Design considerations, including soil mechanics, bearing capacity, settlement analysis, and groundwater conditions, are discussed. The use ofgeotechnical engineering software to simulate and optimize foundation design is also explored.4. Superstructure DesignThe superstructure refers to the portion of the bridge that supports the traffic loads and transfers them to the substructure. This chapter discusses the different types of superstructures, including beam bridges, truss bridges, and arch bridges. The selection of materials, such as concrete, steel, and composite materials, is analyzed based on their structural properties and cost-effectiveness. The design process incorporates the calculation of load distribution, structural stability, and deflection limits.5. Substructure DesignThe substructure comprises the bridge piers, abutments, and retaining walls, which provide support to the superstructure. This chapter focuses on the design considerations for substructures, including the selection of suitable materials, analysis of load distribution, and evaluation of stability against various forces and environmental conditions. Design principles for reinforced concrete and masonry substructures are explored, along with mitigationstrategies for potential issues such as scour and seismic activity.6. Safety and DurabilityEnsuring safety and durability is of utmost importance in bridge engineering. This chapter discusses the necessary steps for evaluating the safety of bridge structures, including factor of safety calculations, failure mode analysis, and risk assessment procedures. The discussion also includes guidelines for maintenance and inspection to ensure long-term performance and durability.7. ConclusionThis thesis provides an in-depth analysis and design framework for bridge structures. By comprehensively exploring the key components of bridges, including foundations, superstructures, and substructures, it provides valuable insights into the principles and processes involved in bridge engineering. The knowledge gained from this study will contribute to the safe and efficient design and construction of future bridge projects.。
那一刻我长大了下围棋英语作文范文
全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：那一刻我长大了下围棋英语作文范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Moment I Grew Up Playing GoLooking back, I can pinpoint the exact moment when I transitioned from a carefree child to a more mature, responsible young adult. It wasn't any major life event or epiphany - ithappened over a simple board game called Go. This ancient Chinese strategy game, with its minimalist black and white stones on a gridded board, turned out to be the catalyst for my personal growth and maturation.I was first introduced to Go by my grandfather when I was around 8 years old. A passionate player himself, he tried to teach me the basics, but I readily dismissed it as an "old person's game." The rules seemed overly complex, and the lack of a defined objective or means of winning confused my young mind, used to straightforward games with clear-cut goals. Little did I know then how profoundly this game would impact me just a few years later.It wasn't until I was 11 that I rediscovered Go, quite by chance. I was rummaging around in my grandfather's study when I stumbled upon his battered leather Go set, lovingly preserved. Curiosity piqued, I set up the board and began tinkering with the stones, trying to make sense of the seemingly chaotic array of patterns before me. My grandfather walked in, pleasantly surprised at my newfound interest, and patiently explained the nuances of the game once more. This time, something clicked.I became obsessed, playing game after game, my mind challenged and stimulated in entirely new ways. Go was a puzzle, an intricate dance where every move had consequences that rippled across the board. Battles for territory raged, and corners were fortified or invaded based on calculated strategy. I pored over books and watched online videos, determined to improve through relentless study.More than just the strategic aspects, I found myself drawn to the philosophy and values intrinsic to Go. Concentration, patience, respect for one's opponent, an acceptance that perfection is impossible - these tenets resonated deeply within me. I came to appreciate the profound beauty in Go's simple elements and timeless traditions. Each handcrafted stone had a weight, a story, a connection to the ancients who played this very game centuries ago.As my skills progressed, I began entering regional tournaments, my childish arrogance quickly tempered by losses against older, wiser players. I learned humility in defeat but also perseverance, spending hours analyzing games to pinpoint weaknesses in my tactics. A lousy loser as a child, I slowly learned grace and sportsmanship, and formed deep friendships over theyvory pavements. I discovered that losing was not aboutfailure, but an opportunity to improve through diligentself-reflection.The more I played, the more I recognized profound parallels between Go and life itself. The opening moves represented the foundations we build, the corners we stake out as our values and beliefs. The middle game was the tumultuous journey where battles are waged, risks taken, mistakes made but overcome through resilience. And the endgame, a gradual crystallization of our efforts, a reckoning of the consequences of everylong-forgotten choice.From these revelations blossomed a more thoughtful, strategic approach to my own life. I started making more calculated decisions instead of impulsive choices. I learned to consider every angle, mapping out possible paths and anticipating pitfalls. A poor student before, my grades improved as I applied the same studious dedication to academics as I did to Go. Simple pleasures like seeing a beautiful sunrise or cooking a nourishing meal brought me joy, as I embraced Go's philosophies of appreciating the present moment and finding contentment in modest acts.My priorities shifted, and I forged an unshakeable focus that helped me navigate the turbulent waters of adolescence. Whenfaced with peer pressure to drink or act recklessly, I found clarity in Go's wisdom - indulgences were fleeting distractions that disrupted my tranquil mind and sound judgement. While friends blindly pursued toxic relationships based on shallow infatuation, I remained patient, recognizing the importance of laying strong foundations before branching outwards.Perhaps my most significant growth was in cultivating respect for others, particularly those with different backgrounds or perspectives. Over the Go board, I learned to set aside preconceptions, authentically engage with my opponents, and appreciate their unique styles. In the wider world, thisopen-mindedness helped me connect with a remarkably diverse group of individuals who broadened my worldview. I formed deep bonds with those from all walks of life, united by our shared love for this elegant game.Now, as I prepare to graduate high school, I can trace so much of who I am today back to those pivotal moments bent over the vyvorn board, battling for spheres of influence. Go imparted strategic thinking, patience, resilience in the face of setbacks, and a mature sense of confidence not born of arrogance, but quiet self-assurance. Most importantly, it instilled in me a deep respect for the intangible but powerful connectionsthat bind all people together through our timeless human experiences.While my peers fret about career paths or future relationship prospects, I find solace in Go's wisdom - that some things cannot be forced, but must unfurl at their own natural pace, with patience and care. I know that just as every game began with the first purposeful placement of stone on wood, every meaningful journey starts with a single step, a choice to fully commit oneself. No matter which ivory path I traverse, the principles of this ancient game will forever light my way, reminding me to appreciate every moment, learn from every misstep, and play with passion, integrity and respect for all I encounter.So while the moment of my true growth into adulthood may seem an unlikely one over a game board, I know that it was Go that transformed me. It was in those quiet battles, surrounded by the gentle clack of polished stones, that a child's restless spirit found focus, and the seeds of wisdom blossomed into personal maturity. For that profound gift, I remain forever grateful to this timeless game and its legacy of cultivating enlightened minds.篇2The Moment I Grew Up at the Game of GoThey say that there are moments in life that change you, that force you to grow up before you're ready. For me, that moment came not from a life-altering tragedy or traumatic event, but rather from a quiet afternoon playing the ancient game of Go. It was a sunny Saturday, and I had gone over to my friend David's house to hang out like we did most weekends. David's dad was really into Go, and he had been trying to teach us how to play for a while.At first, I'll admit, I didn't take it too seriously. Go just looked like a bunch of black and white stones being placed on a grid. What was the big deal? I was more interested in playing video games or watching movies – typical teenage stuff. But David's dad was persistent, and gradually I started to understand the depth and beauty of this seemingly simple game.That fateful Saturday, David and I agreed to play a game against each other, with his dad observing and offering advice. The early moves went by quickly as we raced to stake out territory on the board. I was starting to feel confident, having beaten David most of the times we had played so far.But then something shifted. David started playing more patiently, thinking several moves ahead. His stone placements became more purposeful, methodically mapping out influenceacross the entire board. I began to feel outmaneuvered, my earlier lead gradually slipping away.David's dad watched silently, his eyes tracing the diverging patterns of black and white across the grid. Periodically, he would make a thoughtful comment: "Interesting move..." or "The game is becoming more complex..." Sweat began to bead on my forehead as I struggled to find a way to claw back the advantage.With each placement, the board morphed from a simple grid into a battlefield streaked with intricate formations. Armies of black and white stones stretched across the space, clashing where our influences collided. I started seeing phantom pieces in my mind, mapping out attack routes, defensive formations, stunts of brilliant sacrifice.Two hours melted away as we entered a zone of pure concentration. The rest of the world faded – there were only the stones, theboard, and the delicate dances of strategy coalescing between David and me. I had never experienced a sense of focus like this before in my life.Finally, after what felt like an eternity, I raised my head, blinking in the afternoon light. David leaned back, running a hand through his hair. His dad smiled knowingly. "What did you think of that game, boys?"I opened my mouth, then closed it. The words wouldn't come. Something profound had just happened, but I couldn't articulate exactly what. All I knew was that a shift had occurred inside me. The game of Go had forced me to raise my mental efforts to an entirely new level. I had been challenged, stretched to my limits, and in responding, some reservoir of discipline and maturity had been tapped.From that day forward, I approached all aspects of my life with a renewed seriousness of purpose. My grades improved as I applied the intense focus from Go to my studies. I became a better listener, more patient and calculating when having conversations. A newfound work ethic emerged as I recognized the value of perseverance.Go had cracked open something inside my mind – not in a traumatic way, but almost...surgically. It was as if a seed of pure cognitive potential had been unlocked, and now it was blossoming in ways I could never have anticipated.Over the years that followed, I continued playing Go, getting incrementally better, but also losing plenty as the game constantly unveiled new layers of depth and wisdom. And with each game, each win or loss, I felt myself maturing a little more. Experiencing the ebb and flow of advantage, learning torebound from setbacks, developing the equanimity to confront any situation with a clear mind – these were all lessons Go taught me.Of course, David's dad was thrilled that we had embraced his favorite game so wholeheartedly. In many ways, he had become a third mentor to me alongside my parents. He used to joke that Go was an ancient tool of the wise men for shaping young minds. At first I thought he was being melodramatic, but I came to understand exactly what he meant.Today, as I prepare to graduate high school and take my next stepinto adulthood, I can't help but look back on that fateful afternoon with immense gratitude. In those few hours, I underwent a profound metamorphosis, shedding my childish obliviousness and being reborn with a more expansive mindset. The game of Go was the catalyst for my mental chrysalis, preparing me for the challenges and complexities of adult life.So while my friends might reminisce about life-changing romances or family traumas, I will always remember the moment I grew up over that grid of intersecting lines, moving black and white stones with increasing intentionality, and finally emerging from our trance reborn as a more aware, disciplined, and frankly,kickass human being. Thank you David's dad, and thank you, Go. You showed this kid what it really means to play.篇3The Moment I Grew Up Playing GoIt was just an ordinary summer day like any other. The sun was high in the bright blue sky, baking the neighborhood in its warmth. The chirping of birds and the occasional buzz of a lawnmower provided the soundtrack to the lazy afternoon. I was lying on my bed, staring at the ceiling fan lazily spinning round and round, desperately trying to think of something to fill the endless hours stretching ahead. That's when I heard a knock at my door."Johnny? You in there?" It was my grandfather's voice. "Come on down to the living room for a bit."I let out an exaggerated sigh, as dramatic as only atwelve-year-old can manage. "What is it, Grandpa?" I hollered back, dragging out the last word to really emphasize how bored and inconvenienced I felt.There was a pause before he responded. "It's a surprise. Just come down here."Curiosity got the better of me. I hauled myself up off the bed and trudged downstairs, steeling myself for whatever dull activity my grandpa had cooked up to relieve his own boredom. But when I entered the living room, I saw something quite unexpected.On the coffee table was a wooden board lined with the most intricate hand-carved grids I'd ever seen. Beside it were two bowls filled with smooth stones, one bowl containing black stones and the other white. My grandpa was seated on the floor, hunched over studying the strange setup intently."What's all this?" I asked, unable to hide the bewilderment in my voice.Grandpa looked up at me with a glimmer in his eyes. "Do you know what this is, Johnny?"I shook my head. He smiled that warm, wrinkly smile of his."This is a game of strategy older than chess. Older than most games, in fact. It originated in ancient China over 2,500 years ago. It's called 'Go'."He said the name with such reverence, you'd have thought he was talking about some sacred ritual instead of a board game.But Grandpa always did have a Air of gravitas about him. I was intrigued despite myself."How do you play?"And so he taught me. He explained the basics of taking territory by surrounding empty intersections with stones. He showed me the importance of building flexible formations that could stay connected or break apart as needed. Simple rules, but with profound depth underneath. I played a few games against him, my hasty and impatient placements no match for his prudence and foresight. Each time I lost, I grew more determined to unlock the secrets of this ancient game.From that day forth, I became obsessed. My grandpa had awoken a ravenous hunger in me, one that could only be sated by studying Go tactics and strategy. I pored over books and watched video lectures, soaking up every bit of wisdom the Go masters had to offer. Grandpa and I would play for hours, reviewing each move and its ramifications over steaming mugs of tea.At first, the losses kept coming. But gradually, ever so gradually, I started catching up to him. What had begun as a lighthearted activity evolved into an intense mental duel, each of us probing for the slightest inaccuracy to exploit. I'll never forgetthe first time I finally beat him - the look of shock and immense pride that washed over his weathered face when he realized his young pupil had surpassed him.As I grew older and entered my teenage years, my dedication to Go only deepened. What had started as a game became a metaphor for life itself. I came to appreciate the balance between territory and influence, attack and defense, building a relentless onslaught while leaving enough solid foundations to ensure safety. Every phase of the game contained profound lessons about finding harmony between opposing forces.When I made missteps on the board, I realized how easily one small mistake could spiral out of control into a lost battle and potentially the entire war. Go taught me the value of foresight, of mapping out potential scenarios and choosing the most strategically advantageous path. It instilled in me the patience and resolve to play for the biggest territorial gains, even if doing so meant sacrificing stones in the short term.But more than anything, Go revealed to me the sheer complexity of the world we live in. With its staggering number of potential moves and permutations, the game made me aware of how even the smallest decisions and choices we make can havewide-ranging and unforeseeable consequences. It grounded me in a sense of humility and respect for the intricate web of causes and effects weaving through our existence.Most importantly though, Go connected me to my grandfather in a way few other things could. In those long hours across the goban, I came to understand him as more than just a relative, but as a living repository of wisdom and life experience. I soaked up his stories of persevering through hard times and treasuring each precious moment of peace and happiness. He taught me to approach life's obstacles and setbacks with a Go player's mentality - maintain perspective, learn from each loss, and never give up the search for a more perspicacious path forward.When Grandpa passed away during my sophomore year of college, I was devastated. He had been my teacher, my mentor, and one of the most profoundly positive influences in shaping who I had become as a young man. In the wake of that loss, I found solace in our shared love of Go. Each time I unfolded my portable magnetic board, carefully placing the smooth stones across its dreamlike grid, I felt Grandpa's gentle presence beside me.With each game, I grew to appreciate his legacy more and more. Not just the strategies and tactics he had imparted, but the life lessons of resilience, wisdom, and hunting steadfastly for a deeper understanding of this vast and marvelous universe we inhabit. Go for me is no longer merely a game, but a potent reminder of all that is beautiful and meaningful about the human experience. It's about making the most of each turn, savoring the hourglass of life as the sands flutter through the rift. Above all, it's a celebration of the profound connections we can make through humble traditions passed down over millennia.So while to some it may appear just an ancient abstract played out on wooden boards, Go for me will always be the game that helped me grow up. It opened my eyes to a world larger than I could have ever imagined as a bored child that fateful summer day. Grandpa didn't just teach me a game that day, but something far more profound - he gifted me a wise and purposeful path through life itself. And for that, I will be forever grateful to him and the beautifully complex game that became our shared language of understanding.。
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Foundation Analysis and Design
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Equation
Dr. Baoshan Huang University of Tennessee, Knoxville
factor of safety is generally no less than 3.0.
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Failure modes of shallow foundations
(1) General shear failure
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(2) Local shear failure
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Foundation design approach based on allowable bearing capacity and the global factor of safety approach
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Sample problem 2: Shallow foundation design using Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory
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A foundation design should determine the following (output):
• Foundation type: deep or shallow foundation. • Material: steel, timber, concrete, or masonry. • Embedment depth. • Dimensions. • Bearing capacity and factor of safety. • Total and differential settlements. • Reinforcement if using reinforced concrete, and structural stability.
The design of foundations mainly includes three primary aspects:
• Bearing capacity. • Settlement. • Structural design.
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The following parameters are needed as input values in a foundation design:
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Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
qult = ultimate bearing capacity, qall = allowable bearing capacity, FS = factor of safety. In foundation design, the acceptable
• The load on the foundation is concentric and vertical.
• The foundation has a horizontal base on a level ground surface. • General shear failure is the failure mode for the foundation.
Shallow foundation
Spread footing
• Continuous footing (aka wall footing, strip footing) • Square/rectangular footing • Circular footing Mat foundation Combined footing
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Effect of groundwater table on bearing capacity Case I: The groundwater table is at or above the bottom of the foundation
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(3) Punch shear failure
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Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory Assumptions: • The embedment of the foundation, D, is less than or equal to the foundation width, B. In the current practice, Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory can still be used if D < 3B. • The soil beneath the foundation is a homogeneous, infinite half space.
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Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
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Estimation of ultimate bearing capacity
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Determination of bearing capacity factors