英语诗歌修辞手法简介Figures_of_speech

Major figures of speech in poetry
Simile 直喻
Simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
This is called a mixed metaphor （混合隐喻；多重隐喻）
Allegory
Allegory: a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor.
Allegories are written in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories, and almost any other style or genre. A
Since then--’tis Centuries--and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses’Heads Were toward Eternity--
因为我不能停下来等待死神 他便好心地停下来等我—— 那辆车上只载我们两个—— 以及永生。 我们慢慢驱车——他不慌不忙 我也把我的劳与闲 统统丢掉一边， 为了他的礼让—— …… 离那时已是几个世纪 却仿佛过了还不到一天， 我首次猜测到， 马头在朝向永恒奔窜。
e.g.
The wind whistle through the trees. Thunder roared and a pouring rain started. I watched the moonlight dancing on the
ripБайду номын сангаасles of the lake. The ancient mansion spoke to me of
When I hear your name
My compulsion is to blast down every wall when I hear your name
I’d painted on all the houses, There wouldn’t be a well I hadn’t leaned into To shout your name there… My compulsion is To teach the birds to sing it, To teach the fish to drink it… God will sentence me to repeating it endlessly and
Hyperbole:
Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects.
She was scared to death. I told you a thousand times that you
bygone days. The gentle breeze caressed my cheeks
and soothed my anger.
The Wind by James Stephens
in “a colourful life” or “a colourful career” the word is used in its figurative sense because neither life or career has any colour.
Figures of Speech (2)
forever.
personification
By definition, personification is a figure of speech which attributes human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.
Examples
she has a face that's as round as the moon. Time flies like an arrow. You run like a rabbit. Life is a yo-yo . It's a series of ups and downs. All the world's a stage, And all the men and
the chief functions of figures of speech
to embellish, to emphasize or to clarify.
to give tone or atmosphere to discourse, to provide vivid examples to stimulate thought to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to ornament.
It is closely related to metaphor and is sometimes called personal metaphor .
There are three chief kinds of personifications:
1) That produced by the use of adjectives. the blushing rose; the thirsty ground
Metaphor 暗喻
A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
women merely players; …
Her lips were red, her looks were free,
Her locks were yellow as gold.
Her skin was white as leprosy,
The Nightmare Life-in-Death was she,
shouldn’t behave like that. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.
( A Pope) Her beauty made the bright world dim.
(Shelly ) I have a sea of trouble.
purpose of making comparisons or calling up pictures in the reader’s or listener’s mind are used figuratively.
colourful
In “a colourful garden” the word colourful is used in its literal sense to describe the many different colours of the flowers
2) That produced by the use of verbs. the kettle sings; the waves danced
3) That produced by the use of nouns. the smiles of spring; the whisper of leaves
16. Irony 17. Sarcasm 18. Satire 19. Ridicule 20. Innuendo 21. Parody 22. Climax 23. Anti-climax 24. Alliteration 25. Assonance 26. Onomatopoeia 27. Transferred epithet 28. Pun 29. Parallelism 30. Repetition
n allegory is a complete narrative that conveys abstract ideas to get a point across.
Because I could not stop for Death by Emily Dickinson
Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just OurselvesAnd Immortality. Weslowly drove--He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my Leisure too, For His Civility--…
有如苍白、清癯、垂危的女 郎，
薄纱掩面，步履踉跄， 精神恍惚，漫游出闺房— 神魂颠倒，气吁吁游荡， 月儿升起在朦胧的东方，
模模糊糊，一片白茫茫。
Mixed metaphors
One danger in using metaphors is the possibility of beginning with one comparison and ending with another
Figures of speech
In Poetry
Definition
Figures of speech are forms of expression that depart from normal word or sentence order or from the common literal meanings of words, for the purpose of achieving a special effect.
1. simile 2. metaphor 3. personification 4. metonymy 5. Synecdoche 6. Antonomasia 7. euphemism 8. Hyperbole 9. litotes 10. Antithesis 11. Paradox 12. Oxymoron 13. Epigram 14. Apostrophe 15. rhetorical question
Words are either literal or figurative
Literal 原意 Words used in their original meanings are
used literally. Figurative 比喻义 Words used in extended meanings for the
Who thicks man's blood with cold.
她的唇色鲜红，她的表情不 羁。
她的枷锁黄如金。 她的皮肤白如麻风。 梦魇般的死中生命是她的存 在，
用冰冷浓稠了的血液。
The Waning Moon By Percy Bysshe Shelley
And like a dying lady, lean and pale, Who totters forth, wrapped in a gauzy veil, Out of her chamber, led by the insane And feeble wanderings of her fading brain, The moon arose up in the murky east, A white and shapeless mass.