An Institutional Innovation about Guarantee Alliance in the Guaranty Industry for SMEs' Financi
机构调研影响股价崩盘风险吗?
归，并得出残差 εi.t 。
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1
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3,i m,t
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股 票 i 第 t 周 经 市 场 调 整 后 的 收 益 率 Wi,t 为 ：
和 Myers，2006）[1]，公司财务报告透明度越低，其股 价崩盘风险也越高 （Hutton 等，2009）[3]。
随着中国资本市场的不断扩容，机构投资者数量 迅速上升。机构投资者凭借其资源和专业优势，成为 资本市场的重要力量，在参与公司治理、完善资本市 场信息环境和促进资本市场稳定发展中发挥着极其重 要的作用。机构调研是细节，深入了解公司经营和发展状况，以做出更优 投资决策的行为 （孔东民等，2015）[4]。机构投资者通 过对上市公司调研，可以获取大量公司报告之外的信 息 （Cheng 等，2019）[5]，占据信息优势，因此，机构 调研在资本市场中的作用成为学者重点关注的对象并 受到监管部门的重视，机构调研也为投资者与上市公 司交流提供了重要方式和渠道 （贾琬娇等，2015）[6]。 基于此，证券交易所出台相关政策鼓励上市公司安排 投资者进行调研，而且接纳最多的是机构投资者 （Jiang 和 Yuan，2018）[7]。
英国建立技术与创新中心的背景、理念和机制
国 外科技 发 展最新 动 向专题 ・
英 国建 立技术 与创新 中心 的背景 、理念 和机制
吴 峰
７ ０５ ） １０４ （ 陕西省 软科 学研 究所 ， 西安
摘
一
要 ：２ １ 年３ ，英 国政 府 出台 了 《 ００ 月 技术 与创新 中心报 告》 ，其核 心 内容 是建议 英 国建 立
文对 中国建设 国家创新体 系的四点建议或 思考如 下 ：１ 技术 创新体 系的核 心框 架 ：重点产 业 ．
领域 的技 术 与创 新 中心 ：２ 技 术创新 体 系的 关键 任务 ：形成产 业共性技 术和 关键技 术 ；３ 技 ． ．
术创 新体 系的功能 目标 ：促 进科技 经 济紧密结合 ；４ 政 府在 建立 国家创新体 系中的作 用：构 ．
《 告 》 为 ， 国 面临 着 ２ 纪 ３ 代 以来 报 认 英 ０世 ０年
最 深刻 的金 融 危机 ．需 要 一 个 全 新 的创 新 体 系应 对 ： 国科 学 研 究 世 界 领 先 ， 在 技 术 转 化 方 面缺 英 但 乏充 足 资金 ， 没有 让 经 济享 受 到科 技 发展 带 来 的好
批 新 的技 术 与创 新 中心 （Ｉ ｓ ，在技 术 成 长的 道路 上 ，对 技 术进行 筛选 、整合 、培育 ， ＴＣ ）
直 至 实现技 术 的 商业化 。２ １ 年 ｌ 月 ，卡梅伦 首相 宣布 ，在 未来 四年 ，英 国计 划投 资２Ｚ ００ ０ ４ 英 ， 镑 ，建立６ ８ 个世 纪级 技 术与创 新 中心 ，为英 国经 济发展 注入 驱动 力 。鉴 于英 国的 经验 ，本
重心。
紧密结 合 的技 术创 新体 系 。《 告》 得 到新 的联 合 报 也
政府认 可 。２ １ ０ ０年 １ ０月 ， 卡梅 伦首 相 宣 布 ， 在未 来 四 年 ． 国计 划 投 资 两 亿英 镑 ． 立 ６ ８个 世 纪 级 英 建 ～
NPL_政府所有委托管理的实验室_英国科研机构改革的一种模式_刘育新
N P L:政府所有委托管理的实验室————英国科研机构改革的一种模式国家科委政策体改司刘育新吴英黄英达背景随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,国际竞争日趋激烈,科技实力成为影响国际竞争力的决定因素。
为了适应这种潮流,世界各国无不重视对本国科技体制进行相应的改革,即便是英国这样一个具有悠久科学传统,一直注重基础研究和学术自由的国家,也在积极调整科技发展战略,改革研究机构的机制和体制,将有限的经费用于战略目标和与经济竞争密切相关的研究开发方面。
1993年英国科技白皮书《认识我们的潜力》中,突出国家对科研机构进行改革的要求。
改革是广泛的,类型也不尽相同,本文仅介绍国家实验室的一种改革模式。
英国的国家实验室原来都是政府所有,是发展科技的骨干力量,很多实验室在世界上富有盛名,在英国和世界科技发展史上有过辉煌历史,作用十分显著。
随着政府迫切要求提高经济竞争力,改变重点领域和战略目标,多数国家实验室要继续局限在政府部门中运营,或只依靠政府支持,将遇到很多限制和困难,发展空间小。
在积累和使用资本,开发广阔的市场等方面,与机制灵活的私有研究机构比较,缺乏竞争力。
面临着任务量下降,经费不足,难以为继的困境。
现实迫使这些实验室调整研究任务,采用新的运行机制,寻求新的业务和客户,扩大经费来源,提高效益和效率,提高自我发展的能力。
一旦这些实验室摆脱单纯依靠政府资金支持这种传统机制的束缚,进入市场,为多元化的客户服务,很快就展现出新的发展天地。
悠久的历史和严谨治学的传统,经久不衰的名气,使这些实验室享有很高的无形资产,而它们所拥有的一批世界知名科学家,更是难得的宝98/1997中国软科学贵财富。
英国政府既重视这些骨干研究机构,同时又认为私有部门效率会更高,因而正采用宏观调控办法,引导一批国家实验室以不同方式由私有部门参与管理,认为这样有利于更充分地发挥这些专家学者在工业界中的作用,实验室也可以继续保持一流水平,并且会减少纳税人的负担。
Convergence_over_AI
58CHINA TODAYConvergenceover AIGovernanceAmid DifferencesAs the EU passes the first AI law, the U.S. grappleswith bipartisanship, and China proactively advancesthe issue-based approach and advocates the GlobalAI Governance Initiative, will AI become “a force forgood, ensuring safety, and promoting fairness”?to pay close attention to the trend of AI technology, play its role within the UN framework, strengthen regional, global, bilateral and multilateral coordina-tion mechanisms, enhance participation and voice in international affairs, and promote global AI governance.China actively advocates ethical norms, laws and regulations that are universally recognized by the international community, and contributes Chinese wisdom to the formulation of global standards. According to the Ministry of Industry and Informa-tion Technology, China is actively promoting the construction of a more flexible, inclusive, and rapid-response governance mechanism, establishing plat-forms for AI ethics assessment and data collection, and promoting the standard setting for the ethical application of AI. In addition, the Belt and Road Ini-tiative (BRI) can also benefit AI global governance by promoting cooperation among participating countries, especially developing countries, and hence promote the balanced and equitable develop-ment of AI around the world.The key to industrial development lies in talents. Strengthening talent training will help upgrade AI and improve global AI governance. China can estab-lish and improve the transnational talent training system and promote the integration and transfor-mation of industrial chains, talent chains and value chains by building an international cooperation and exchange platform led by the government and with the participation of multiple social forces such as universities, enterprises and think tanks. For this purpose, China and the EU held the first Sino-EU Youth Artificial Intelligence Competition, and China and Russia held seminars to discuss AI talent train-ing and technology development.Today, global AI governance is still in the explor-atory stage, and the complex nature and uncertainty of technology require global collaboration. Guided by the idea of building a community with a shared future for mankind, countries in the world will be able to jointly address technological, ethical, and security challenges, ensure the healthy development of technology, and safeguard the common interests of mankind. CYI DI is a research fellow and deputy secretary general of Taihe Institute.59April 2024By THORSTEN JELINEKTHIS year marks a significant year for estab-lishing guardrails around artificial intel-ligence (AI), with major regions like the EU, the U.S., and China converging over a risk-based regulatory approach, albeit with distinct dif-ferences. This trend reflects a broader trend towards digital sovereignty, with governments seeking in-creased control over their digital markets and tech-nologies to ensure safety and security, while aiming to boost their AI competitiveness. The pursuit of digital sovereignty, while both necessary and legiti-mate, carries the risk of erecting new barriers. This requires global efforts to strike a balance between maintaining control and fostering collaboration and openness.From a regulatory standpoint, the EU is at the forefront with its AI Act, which was confirmed by the European Parliament in March 2024, marking it as the first globally comprehensive AI legislation. The Act establishes a four-tiered risk frameworkthat prohibits certain AI applications, enforces strict regulations and conformity assessments for high-risk uses, mandates transparency for limited-risk applications, and suggests guidelines for non-risky applications. Stringent obligations only apply to generative AI if categorized as a high-risk appli-cation. The Act exempts open-source models un-less they are deployed in high-risk contexts. A new oversight mechanism is established, including two EU-level institutions: the AI Office and the AI Board, which are tasked with ensuring compliance and fa-cilitating the development of codes of practice, yet without directly overstepping national supervisory authorities of the member states, which still need to be established.While the Act is a landmark achievement, it re-mains controversial as internal critiques argue that this could stifle innovation and competition, others argue that strong guardrails spur innovation as they provide not only safety and security but also legal certainty. Besides, most applications are expected to be in the lowest category and will not face any mandatory obligations. However, the Act’s extra-territoriality clause, which means that the Act will govern both AI systems operating in the EU as well as foreign systems whose output enters the EU mar-ket, could cause frictions especially with the U.S. as it is perceived as protectionist. This is the flipside of all new guardrails as represented by the EU’s com-prehensive landscape of privacy, cybersecurity, and digital markets regulations.The United States, in contrast has taken a different approach. Rather than enacting a com-prehensive, national law, the U.S. government promulgated a Presidential Executive Order on AI on October 30, 2023, encompassing a broad array of guidelines, recommendations, and specific ac-tions. This strategy aligns with the U.S. precedent of not having federal laws in other pivotal areas like digital governance, including cybersecurity and privacy protection. Despite growing recogni-tion of the need for a more comprehensive risk-based approach, bipartisan support in these ar-eas remains elusive. While the absence of federal legislation introduces legal uncertainty, it also al-lows for flexibility and an issue-focused approach to AI safety and security, notably for high-riskVisitors take photos of the Ameca Robot, from Etisalat And, during the Mobile World Congress 2024 in Barcelona, Spain, on February 26, 2024. The mobile phone industry is looking to AI to reverse declin-ing sales.applications such as dual-use foundation models. The Executive Order is not only a set of targeted restrictions with sectoral policies, like in transpor-tation and healthcare, but also about fostering AI talent, education, research, and innovation and thus enhancing the U.S.’s competitiveness. The competitive dimension is not part of the EU AI Act. Some argue that this is symptomatic for the EU’sregulatory focus and the U.S.’s liability-oriented and competition-driven approach. Nevertheless, security concerns are paramount, as evidenced by proposed mandates requiring U.S. cloud companies to vet and potentially limit foreign access to AI training data centers or with provisions ensuring government ac-cess to AI training and safety data. This strategy un-derscores a deliberate effort to protect U.S. interests amidst the dynamic AI domain and intense compe-tition with China for global AI dominance. The U.S. strategy faces a significant drawback – the lack of legislative permanence. This precariousness means the new presidential election could easily revoke the Biden-Harris administration’s executive order, undermining its stability and long-term impact. China is the next major country that will most likely promulgate a dedicated artificial intelligence law by 2025, a path that was already signaled in the government’s New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan from 2017. The plan proposed the initial establishment of AI laws and regulations, ethical norms, and policy systems, forming AI se-curity assessment and control capabilities by 2025, and a more complete system of laws, regulations, ethics, and policies on AI by 2030. The 2030 objec-tive indicates that AI governance is an ongoing pur-suit. For now, the Chinese government follows an issue-focused approach regulating specific aspects of AI that are deemed most urgent. It’s a centralized approach that successively introduces a regulatory framework of provisions, interim measures and requirements designed to balance innovation and competitiveness with social stability and security. On the regulatory side, over the past three years, China’s Cyberspace Administration and other de-partments have issued three key regulations explic-itly to guide AI development and use, including the Internet Information Service Algorithm Recommen-dation Management Regulations passed in 2021; theSummit concluded at Bletchley Park, U.K. on November 1, 2023. The Bletchley Declaration, the world's first international statement on the rapidly emerging technology of AI, was signed by 28 countries including China, the U.S., and the EU, stressing the need to address the potential risks posed by AI. It calls for and advocates a people-centered approach, and hopes that AI research institutions and companies will design, develop, and use AI in a responsible manner.60CHINA TODAYProvisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-Based Information Services issued in 2022; and the “Interim Measures for the Manage-ment of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services in 2023. The legal discourse in China not only covers ethics, safety, and security, but also issues concern-ing AI liability, intellectual property, and commercial rights. These areas have ignited significant debate,especially in relation to China’s Civil Code in 2021, a pivotal legislation aimed at substantially enhancing the protection of a wide range of individual rights. Importantly, China’s legislators use public consulta-tions and feedback mechanisms to find a suitable balance between safety and innovation. A case in point is the current consultation on the Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (draft for feedback) issued in October 2023. On the latter side, to boost AI innovation and com-petitiveness, the government has approved more than 40 AI models for public use since November 2023, including the large models from tech giants such as Baidu, Alibaba, and Bytedance.In parallel to those national measures, there has been a significant effort for forging AI collaboration on an international and multilateral level, given that no country or region alone can address the disrup-tions brought about by application of advanced and widespread AI in the future. There are various frameworks that promote responsible AI, including the first global yet non-binding agreement on AI ethics – the Recommendation on the Ethics of Arti-ficial Intelligence that was adopted by 193 UNESCO member countries in 2021. Also, for the first time AI safety was addressed by the UN Security Coun-cil in July 2023. Most recently, the United Nations Secretary-General’s AI Advisory Body released their Interim Report: Governing AI for Humanity. Its final version will be presented at the UN’s Summit of the Future in September 2024. High-level consensus was also reached on the level of the G20, which rep-resents around 85 percent of global GDP, supporting the “principles for responsible stewardship of trust-worthy AI,” which were drawn from the OECD AI principles and recommendations. Another signifi-cant step forward to bridge the divide between the Western world and the Global South was achieved during the U.K. AI Safety Summit. For the first time, collaborationThere has beena significanteffort for forg-ing AI collabo-ration on aninternationaland multilat-eral level, giventhat no countryor region alonecan addressthe disruptionsbrought aboutby applicationof advancedand wide-spread AI in thefuture.in November 2023, the EU, U.S., and China and othercountries jointly signed the Bletchley Declaration,pledging to collectively manage the risk from AI.Adding to this positive momentum, we have seenan AI dialogue initiated between China and the EUand China and the United States.Despite such advancements, the lack of inter-national collaboration remains, particularly withcountries in the Global South. The exclusivity ofthe Global North is evident in initiatives like theG7’s Hiroshima AI Process Comprehensive PolicyFramework and the Council of Europe's efforts,which led to the agreement on the first interna-tional treaty on AI in March 2024. This conven-tion, awaiting adoption by its 46 member coun-tries, marks a significant step as it encompassesgovernment and private sector cooperation,but predominantly promotes Western values.In response to the notable lack of internationalcollaboration with the Global South, China hasstepped up its efforts by unveiling the GlobalAI Governance Initiative during the Third Beltand Road Forum for International Cooperationheld in Beijing in October 2023. This move aimsto promote a more inclusive global discourseon AI governance. At the annual “Two Sessions”of China’s top legislature and political advisorybody in March 2024, Foreign Minister Wang Yihighlighted the significance of this initiative,underlining its three core principles: viewing AIas a force for good, ensuring safety, and promot-ing fairness. Amidst various major internationalinitiatives and frameworks, it is essential toestablish and nurture communication chan-nels among these different international efforts.Those channels must aim to bridge differencesand gradually reduce them over time. Develop-ing governance interoperability frameworkscould serve as a practical approach to addressthese differences. CDR. THORSTEN JELINEK is the Europe director and seniorfellow of Taihe Institute. An active participant in several mul-tilateral institutions, including UNIDO, OECD, G20/T20, andITU, Dr. Jelinek holds visiting scholar positions at the HertieSchool's Centre for Digital Governance and University of Cam-bridge’s Department of Sociology. He also formerly worked asan associate director at the World Economic Forum.61April 2024。
北京大学博古睿研究中心
常驻项目
世界思想家系列
世界思想家系列邀请对不同文明的演化与世界史宏大图景有深刻洞见的思想家分享他们的知识与智慧，以期 增强各文明之间了解和信任，减少偏狭、傲慢与误解。本系列第一场对话于2020年7月举行，由《枪炮、病菌与 钢铁：人类社会的命运》作者贾雷德·戴蒙德教授主讲。2021年8月19日，世界思想家系列的第二场对话邀请了 历史学家、汉学家、香港大学前校长王赓武教授，就“世界历史中的中华文明”分享他的研究和观点。2022年7 月3日，世界思想家系列的第三场对话邀请了2021年博古睿奖得主，普林斯顿大学人类价值中心生物伦理学教授 彼得·辛格分享了他对“动物与伦理”的见解。
博古睿学者
2022-2023年 宝树，科幻作家 陈霞，中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员 龚隽，中山大学哲学系教授 刘超，北京师范大学心理学部认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室暨IDG/麦戈文、脑科学研究院教授 吕晓宇，北京大学国际关系学院助理教授 龙星如，独立策展人 梅剑华，山西大学哲学社会学学院教授、博士生导师 2021—2022年 陈海丹，北京大学医学院伦理学副教授 陈小平，中国科技大学计算机学院教授
创意未来
数字技术、基因编辑和其他深刻改变世界的科技的快速发展和广泛应用正在深刻改变我们对未来的想象。我 们邀请人工智能、机器人、基因编辑、气候变化方面的科学家，以及虚拟现实、游戏和在线应用方面的技术专家 来描绘他们的研究愿景，并预测人类社会和地球系统的未来情景。同时，科幻作家、艺术家和策展人创造对未来 的想象，把我们带到想象领域的叙述和故事。
《萃嶺》杂志
随着第一期《萃嶺》杂志的发行，博古睿研究院继思想杂志Noema之后，实现并推出了全新的中文内容出版 平台。《萃嶺》由博古睿研究院出品，博古睿研究院中国中心策划、编辑并推出，是一份融汇东西方创新思想的 杂志。在中文语境里，“萃嶺”有草木茂盛的青山碧岭之意，与研究院名称的德语意涵相映成趣。我们希望依托 深厚的学术基础、大人文的思维广度以及拓展性的前沿视角，聚焦全球性大事件、大议题，观照变革时代新思想。 《萃嶺》创刊号的主题是行星智慧（planetary wisdom），聚焦博古睿研究院近一年来所**的与行星思维和行 星哲学有关的思考。萃嶺全年在线发布，不定期印制一刊《萃嶺》。
河南省建设工程“中州杯”质量评审标准表
表3·1·6－1 外装饰装修工程质量允许偏差和检查方法表3.1.6-2 内装饰装修工程质量允许偏差和检查方法表3·2·6－1建筑电气安装工程质量允许偏查和检查方法表3·2·6－2建筑设备安装工程质量允许偏差和检查方法表3.2.6－3通风与空调安装工程质量允许偏差和检查方法附录A“中州杯”奖土建工程质量评价A.0.1土建工程质量评价应符合表A.0.1规定。
表A.0.1河南省建设工程“中州杯”奖土建工程质量评价表工程名称：施工单位：附录B“中州杯”奖建筑电气安装工程质量评价B.0.1建筑电气安装工程质量评价应符合表B.0.1规定。
表B.0.1河南省建设工程“中州杯”奖建筑电气安装工程质量评价表工程名程：施工单位：附录C“中州杯”奖建筑设备安装工程质量评价C.0.1建筑设备安装工程质量评价应符合表C.0.1规定。
表C.0.1河南省建设工程“中州杯”奖建筑设备安装工程质量评价表工程名程：施工单位：附录D“中州杯”奖工程技术资料质量评价D.0.1工程技术资料质量评价应符合表D.0.1规定。
表D.0.1河南省建设工程“中州杯”奖工程技术资料质量评价表工程名程：施工单位：附录E“中州杯”奖质量综合评价E.0.1质量综合评价应符合表E.0.1规定。
表E.0.1河南省建设工程“中州杯”奖质量综合评价表工程名称：施工单位：表4·1·4模板安装允许偏差及检查方法表4·2·9钢筋工程安装允许偏差及检查方法表4·3·12混凝土工程允许偏差及检查方法注：表中粱类，板类构件上部纵向受力钢筋保护层厚度的合格点率应达到95%以上，且不得有超过表中数值1．5倍的尺寸偏差。
表 5.3.8钢结构安装允许偏差及检查方法表6.3.2 砌体工程质量允许偏差及检查方法表A.0.1 河南省优质结构工程施工项目管理工作质量评价表工程名称：施工单位：表B.0.1 河南省优质结构工程(混凝土模板工程、钢结构材料、砌体结构材料)质量评价表工程名称：施工单位：表C.0.1河南省优质结构工程（混凝土钢筋工程钢结构件制作，砌体砌筑工程）质量评价表工程名称：施工单位表D.0.1 河南省优质结构工程（混凝土工程，钢结构安装工程，砌体砌筑工程）质量评价表工程名称：施工单位表E.0.1 河南省优质结构工程技术资料管理工作质量评价表工程名称：施工单位表 F.0.1河南省优质结构工程质量综合评价表工程名称：施工单位：河南省建设工程“中州杯”质量评审标准评定表格。
机构投资者的创新之路外文翻译（可编辑）
机构投资者的创新之路外文翻译An Unconventional Approach to Institutional InvestmentMaterial Source:////0>. Author:David F.SwensenIn order to construct high quality actively type management portfolio, investment institutions need to have a strong investment by a team, and effective operation of investment committee to supervise. Effective investment commission should appropriate supervision of combination, not interference in investment management personnel concrete operation. The number of council meetings vote each year in four times should be restricted, so that can both avoid vote commission members overly intervention daily portfolio management, but also assure the investment manager receive appropriate supervision. Investment commission should decide on investment properties and direction, and shall not thoughtless altogether to the investment decision-making power management. Shots in a fund management company's labor role as other industries should be the board of directors of the company.First, investment committeeInvestment commission has constraints investment management process functions. Investment committee members of investment advice bycomprehensive profound examination can urge investment management personnel consideration given after more investment advice. Investment commission should not easily negative investment management personnel's advice. Because if the investment committee often refused or modify investment advice in management, investment management personnel combination would feel it cramps. When the market appear chance, specific investment discuss the scale needs, and reported investment commission, just can carry out after the operation. If the investment committee didn't pass, investment management personnel in the industry's reputation will also damaged. But the investment committee also will never become decoration, efficient investment commission should, through discussion of future investment investment advice to the nature and direction guiding role. Effective combination management needs to get good balance, not only respects the investment commission absolute authority, and gives the investment manager due responsibility.In the investment commission meeting, investment committee members should also to investment management personnel to provide feedback on previous operation of future strategy and Suggestions. Both full exchange can improve the quality of the investment committee, thereby improving communication investment decisions.About investment committee members form with qualification, first investment committee members should have good judgment, although thebackground of members have no special requirements, but for financial markets for supervision and profound understanding of the investment process points. If investment committee members are all investment expert sometimes also can cause dangerous because the investment committee's mission is to manage the overall investment process rather than specific portfolio. Some investment committee into successful entrepreneurs as members, although they can bring valuable opinions, but also often hard to overcome "reward success, punishing failure, and the thinking of already entrenched style will handle the portfolio to chase after go kill cheapen strategy, and lose an opportunity to reverse investment strategies of the earnings. Investment committee members should positioning as investment manager for process supervisor and the supporters, rather than specific portfolio managers.Second, the investment managerInvestment manager is the driving force portfolio management process, whatever decision asset allocation, fund spending policies, or specific portfolio management or select fund managers, etc, all of which require strict process constraints, and good reason. This process the investment manager can't hide from that fact, both the existing or potential weakness all need comprehensive paper and discussed. Any dishonest behavior of investment process could be fatal.If no rigorous procedures to ensure investment advice to get clearpaper, investment decision will become is not standard, even thoughtless. For example, when asset allocation decisions on investment management must be based on the rigorous logic analysis framework, it will be possible to make a well-founded investment advice. Investment management personnel, investment opportunities to review all aspects of the investment opportunities to strict assessment and external investment charge of due diligence, the premise is deciding whether to invest.In a written form submit investment advice is communication investment thought very effective. The investment manager can be found by drafting investment advice the error or knowledge of logic, and recognizing that blind colleagues and investment committee members will be reading investment advice to the investment manager, can make clear, argument is sufficient, argument demonstration rigorous. Through the writing of investment logic full explanation to also can make the investment committee member in the proposal before the meeting will have comprehensive understanding, thus improve the quality of the investment committee.Investment decision-making group should be composed by 3 ~ 4 people. Because with the increasing number of participation in decision-making, certainly will will increase compromise and "consensus" thinking of possibilities. If investment management personnel is more, it should be divided into several decision-making group, different asset classes weremanagement. This way keeps the clique decision-making advantage, and solves portfolio management increasingly complex, asset scale growing problem.The new additions to the investment institutions continue to inject new blood, their energy, enthusiasm, especially treat problems in a fresh perspective can prevent corruption ethos breed and spread. The training, advice about new old belt adopted a "new" way. This is a win-win approach, because it embodies the "in practice growth", "teacher-and-students" principle. Yale university renowned economist James? Tobin once said: "everywhere I the opportunity to learn from my students, I learned a lot, such as waste to their clear to me that this one is also a kind of learning." If the organization structure reasonable, new employees will soon play a role. Encourage, including new personal responsibility, can improve investment performance and employee satisfaction.译文机构投资者的创新之路资料来源:////. 作者:大卫?史文森为了构建高质量的积极型管理的投资组合,投资机构需要有一个强大的投资团队,并由一个有效运转的投资委员会来监督。
美国国立转化科学促进中心的创新举措
一项突破性行动为“发现现有分子的新治疗用途 （DiscoveringNewTherapeuticUsesforExistingM olecules）”的中试项目。N
CATS在制药公司和学术研究人员之间创新采用 “众包（crowdsourcing）”方式。设计这些合 作形式旨在快速检测那些利用制药公司已生产化 合物实现其他治疗的想
根据中心需要，这些从捐赠基金获得资助的项目 可以持续一年或数年。不过这类基金的资助内容 也有些侧重，包括培养转化研究方面的年轻科学 家而设立特别奖学金；临床试验所需设
备；转化研究某些重要主题举行研讨会或会议； 用于转化研究中打印所需材料等。 4小结 由上可知，NCATS为促进转化，突破传统学科 分开、机构互不干涉的资助模式，
1基础研究转化为改善人类健康的手段的过程漫 长而低效 由于生物学、基因组学和成像等领域的技术创新， 研究人员已经能够鉴定与疾病易感性或影响疾病 进程的基因、蛋白和其
他因子的变化。尽管研究人员已经明确了成千上 万此类生物学变化，包括那些具有前景的生物标 志物或药物靶点，然而只有很少一部分在进行进 一步的研究开发。因为一旦选错一个靶
赠基金（GiftFund）”促进转化 因NCATS是联邦政府机构，并不是一个筹款机 构，不过议会批准其接受捐赠。NCATS将捐赠 的经费以“捐赠基金”的形式设立，
不过这类经费与NCATS从议会获得的拨款是分 离开的。由于NCATS的基本营业费用ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้行政费 用是从议会的拨款中开支，而捐赠的经费被用以 支持转化科学研究的某些项目。且
earch，ORDR）。ORDR联合了孤儿病研究力 量，为孤儿病病患，卫生保健人员，病患利益团 体和相关科学团体提供服务，致力于改善那些罹 患孤儿病群体的生活质量。
建筑的艺术性英语作文高中
The art of architecture is a fascinating subject that intertwines creativity,innovation, and functionality.It is the process of creating structures that not only serve a purpose but also inspire and captivate the human spirit.In high school English compositions,students often explore the artistic aspects of architecture,delving into the various elements that contribute to the aesthetic appeal and cultural significance of buildings.IntroductionBegin your essay by introducing the concept of architectural art.Mention that architecture is not just about constructing buildings but also about expressing ideas, emotions,and stories through design.Highlight the importance of architecture in shaping our environment and how it reflects the values and aspirations of a society.Historical ContextDiscuss the evolution of architectural styles throughout history.Mention ancient civilizations like the Egyptians,Greeks,and Romans,and how their architectural achievements,such as the pyramids,Parthenon,and Colosseum,continue to influence modern design.Transition into the Middle Ages,the Renaissance,and the Industrial Revolution,noting how each era brought new materials,technologies,and artistic movements that transformed architecture.Architectural ElementsDelve into the fundamental elements of architecture that contribute to its artistic nature. Discuss the importance of form,space,and structure,and how architects use these elements to create harmony and balance.Mention the role of proportion,scale,and symmetry in creating visually appealing buildings.Also,explore the use of light and shadow,color,and texture in enhancing the aesthetic experience.Innovation and TechnologyHighlight the role of innovation and technology in pushing the boundaries of architectural art.Discuss how advances in engineering,materials science,and computeraided design CAD have allowed architects to create more complex and daring structures.Mention iconic modern buildings like the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao,Spain,or the Burj Khalifa in Dubai,United Arab Emirates,as examples of how technology has enabled architects to realize their artistic visions.Cultural SignificanceExplain how architecture is a reflection of a societys culture and values.Discuss how different cultures have unique architectural styles that are deeply rooted in their history, religion,and social structures.For instance,the ornate detailing and use of natural materials in traditional Japanese architecture or the minimalist and functional designs of Scandinavian architecture.Mention how these styles communicate the identity and aspirations of the people who live within these spaces.Sustainability and the FutureDiscuss the growing importance of sustainable architecture in the face of environmental challenges.Mention how architects are now considering the environmental impact of their designs,focusing on energy efficiency,the use of renewable materials,and the integration of green spaces.Discuss the potential for architecture to not only be a work of art but also a solution to global issues such as climate change and urbanization. ConclusionConclude your essay by summarizing the key points and emphasizing the importance of architecture as an art form.Mention that architecture is a dynamic field that continues to evolve,with architects constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible.Encourage readers to look at the buildings around them with a new appreciation for the artistry and thought that goes into their creation.Sample ParagraphThe art of architecture is a testament to human ingenuity and creativity.From the soaring heights of the Eiffel Tower to the intricate patterns of Islamic geometric design,each structure tells a story and reflects the spirit of its time.As we look to the future,the role of the architect is becoming ever more crucial,not just in creating spaces that inspire,but in addressing the pressing environmental concerns of our age.The challenge for architects is to continue to innovate,to create buildings that are not only beautiful but also sustainable,that stand as a testament to our ability to harmonize with the natural world while pushing the boundaries of what is architecturally possible.。
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划平台英语
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划平台：孕育未来创新领袖的摇篮**National University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Platform: The Cradle of Future Innovation Leaders****English Content:**In the rapidly evolving global landscape, the National University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Platform (hereinafter referred to as the "Platform") has emerged as a powerful catalyst for fostering innovation and entrepreneurship among university students. This platform, with its comprehensive suite of resources and opportunities, aims to nurture the next generation of leaders who are not only equipped with the necessary skills but also possessthe vision and drive to transform ideas into impactful ventures.The Platform provides a comprehensive ecosystem that supports students throughout their innovation journey. It offers access to state-of-the-art facilities, experienced mentors, and a vibrant community of like-minded individuals.This协同作用of resources creates an enabling environment where students can freely explore their ideas, refine them through iterative testing, and ultimately bring them to market.One of the key features of the Platform is its emphasis on cross-disciplinary collaboration. It encourages students from different backgrounds and fields of study to come together and share their knowledge, perspectives, andskills. This interdisciplinary approach not only broadens the scope of innovations but also cultivates a culture of inclusivity and mutual respect among participants.Moreover, the Platform recognizes the importance ofreal-world experience in shaping entrepreneurs. It provides opportunities for students to engage with industry partners, participate in incubators and accelerators, and even launch their own startups. These practical experiences help students gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the real world, enabling them to make informed decisions and adapt to changing landscapes more effectively.In addition, the Platform is committed to fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship that is sustainable and inclusive. It strives to ensure that all students, regardless of their backgrounds or resources, have access to the same opportunities and resources. This commitment is reflected in the Platform's diverse range of programs and activities, which cater to the varying needs and interests of its participants.In conclusion, the National University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Platform is a pivotal initiative that is shaping the future of innovation and entrepreneurship in China. Its comprehensive ecosystem, emphasis on cross-disciplinary collaboration, and commitment to inclusivity are key factors that make it a leading platform for nurturing the next generation of innovation leaders. As we look towards a future where innovation and entrepreneurship will play an increasingly important role, the Platform remains a vital resource for university students seeking to make a difference in the world.**Chinese Content:**在快速演变的全球格局中，国家级大学生创新创业训练计划平台（以下简称“平台”）已成为激发大学生创新和创业精神的有力催化剂。