2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 复杂的修饰成分式
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(27)
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(27)1. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriouslyabout the nation's moral climate, says this ethics professor at the Universityof Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.(2002. 阅读. text 1)【译文】这位芝加哥大学的伦理学教授说，普通市民如今开始重视整个国家的道德氛围，因此有希望找到新思路加以改善。
【析句】复合句。
主句says this ethics professor at the University ofChicago为倒装句，并将says的内容即省略了that的宾语从句进行了强调。
宾语从句的主语是The fact is reason tohope,hope后是that宾语从句，主句主语the fact后是that引导的同位语从句。
2. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, thosebonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. (2002. 阅读.text1)【译文】随着今天人口的流动性加强，很多夫妻都工作，这种纽带的力量被削弱，而更加重视自己。
【析句】复合句。
句首是并列的两个with伴随状语，主句those bonds have been weakened在后，replaced by agreater emphasis on self为过去分词作伴随，those bonds与replace是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧
2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧Meawhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming topersuade their kids to produce children. (06.1 Passage 1)主干：...most children are vulnerable (to)本句是个简单句，谓语部分用了be vulnerable to...短语，to是介词，后接名词influence作宾语。
exerted是过去分词，作influence的后置定语;aiming是现在分词，作parents的后置定语。
exert influence“施加影响”。
译文：同时，在他们父母的巨大影响下，绝绝大部分的子女很容易被说服生育孩子。
This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. (05. 6 Passage 1)主干：This isn't the stuff..., but a fact...not...but...连接两个并列的名词词组，在句中作表语。
两个词组都有相对应的修饰成分，修饰stuff的是of介词短语;修饰fact的既有of介词短语，还有过去分词短语embraced...。
译文：这并不是悲观的哲学沉思的东西，而是社会学家、房地产开发商和广告主管都欣然接受的欧洲新的经济现象中的一个事实。
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 倒装结构
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句倒装结构ExerciseWe could not offer you that post without the responsibility, neither could we ask you to accept the one or two other vacancies of a different type which do exist, for they are unsuitable for someone with your high standard of education and ability.Along with this disparagement of a compliment is the American tendency to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses.The Chinese had trained messengers on horseback and runners before 1100 B.C.,as did the ancient Persians, Greeks and Romans.要点：neither后面用的是倒装语序(could we)。
which do exist 的先行词为vacancies，但被of a different type 隔开。
exist后面是一个由for(等立连词)引导的原因状语从句，用来作附加说明。
译文：我们不能不负责任地给你这种职务，也不愿让你接受其他工种现有的一两个空缺，因为这两个中任何一个都不适合教育程度和能力达到你这样高水平的人去做。
要点：本句是判断句的倒装。
Along with引导的介词短语在句中作表语，为了使句子的结构达到平衡协调，把带有较长修饰语的主语部分放到句子的后部，以避免头重脚轻。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(10)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(10)The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。
值得注意的是，句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分，如：The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
译文ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明，因为我们无法证明类似“环保”、“无污染”等这样的字样。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)分析主干：distance learning signifies a course1.句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。
2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(9)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(9)As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)分析主干：the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...句首的as 引导时间状语从句。
主句部分是复合谓语，有两个由and 连接的并列谓语。
译文：随着话语开始流淌，思想也会逐渐明朗化，使自己呈现在你的笔记本或者屏幕上。
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)分析主干：the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...While 引导时间状语从句。
本句主句是由and 连接两个分句构成的并列句，两个分句都用了现在完成时，与状语从句的一般现在时对照来看，表明主句中的两个动作都是在await 期间完成。
grant 后面接了双宾语，间接宾语是her，直接宾语是permission。
译文：在她等待结果出来期间，政府给予她在美国的工作许可，她已经返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌连锁店的工作岗位。
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact thatI was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage2)分析主干：I had to accept the fact...Because 引导原因状语从句。
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 分词和从句
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句分词和从句ExerciseBeing very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.Rich bodies were carefully wrapped in yards of cloth, leaving diamond-shaped spaces which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold.He merely swallows this theory because there is something about that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.要点:主句为" I applied"."Being...and wanting..."为分句短语作原因状语,"fearing"为分词作伴随状语.that引导的从句为"fearing"的宾语从句.译文:我因为手头很拮据,同时也想干点有用的事,于是便提出了申请,但是提出申请时我也担心:自己一无学位二无教学经验,得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的.要点:分词短语"leaving diamond-shaped spaces..."在句子中作补充说明状语.定语从句"which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold" 修饰"space".译文:富有人的尸体用成匹的布料细心地包裹起来,留出一块钻石形状的空间用宝石及碎金将其装饰好.要点:本句中because引导的是原因状语从句.省略了主语that/which的定语从句"appeals to..."修饰something. "there be +n..."结构是一种表达法.译文:他丝毫不加怀疑地接受这一理论,只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪的精神力量.ExcriseSomeone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air.When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.要点：句首的someone后有介词短语with a history of doing more rather than less 对其进行修饰。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(6)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(6)Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)主干：Its strategy rests (on...)主句用了rest on短语。
冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。
with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale(规模经济)。
句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济；其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(11)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(11)While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干：it is clear that...句首的While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”......。
it is clear......中，it 是形式主语，省略连接词that 的从句there is...才是句子的真正主语。
in ensuring...是there be 句型的状语成分，“在确保......方面”。
ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的宾语从句。
译文：虽然有许多好而有用的声明，但是，很明显，要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)分析主干：they cannot work...While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管......”。
从句中的employ 表示“采用”，不定式to get...作目的状语。
work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。
no matter how 也引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么......”。
译文“尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺，可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过程-----无论我们多么认为原本如此。
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2021年6月大学英语四级长难句复杂的修饰成分式
复杂的修饰成分式
四级阅读中最常见的就是以这种增加句子修饰成分为手段而构成的长难句。
其中以增加从句和非谓语动词为主。
而在具体的阅读与翻译过程中，应当先将这些修饰成分取掉，来看句子的主干意思。
例如：At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.(1990.1) 在早期的尝试中,电缆铺设失败了。
当它被拿出来修理的时候,发现上面布满了生物,这样一个事实的发现挑战了当代海洋底下没有生命的科学观点.
这个句子比较典型。
其一，它出现了三种主要从句：时间状语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。
时间状语从句由when引导，而主句是it was found to be covered in living growths和afact。
而a fact 之后又由which引导了一个定语从句，用来修饰a fact。
在这个定语从句中，不难发现，在scientific opinion之后又跟了一个同位语从句。
在阅读的时候可以先取掉这个句子中的所有修饰成分，于是在这个从句套从句的长难句中，句子的主干实际上就是the cable failed and it was found to be covered in living growths,and a
fact。
其二，正确的区分和理解以that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的差别在阅读中显得尤为重要。
如例子中这个句子scientific opinion之后的部分，它到底是定语从句对前面的关键词起修饰限定作用?还是同位语从句起补充说明作用呢?为了便于区分，可以通过观察that之后的句子成分进行判断，即：that之后的部分如果句子结构完整则为同位语从句，如果不完整(主语或宾语缺失)则为定语从句。
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.(2002.6)
追踪蓝鲸只不过是冷战后那个刚刚对民间科学家开放的令人振奋的世界的一角，因为美国海军为追踪潜在敌舰而在数十年里建立的全球水下监听系统开始与人分享并做了部分解密与公开。
这个句子的重点在于对黑体字单词在句中性质及其作用的判定。
这些以ing或ed结尾，时而又跟在to之后的动词叫做非谓语动词。
顾名思义，他们在句子中的作用并不是做谓语而只相当于一个名词或做修饰限定的成分。
就像这个句子中，真正的谓语动词只有两个，分别是is和as后原因状语从句中的starts。
在取掉所有修饰成分后，不难看出句子的主干为tracking whales is one example as the navy starts to share and uncover its global network of underwater
listening system.。