Abstractwriting英文摘要写作方法
Abstract_writing__英文摘要写作方法
3.1. Topic Sentence
The
first sentence in an abstract is usually called the “topic sentence”. By answering the question of “what”, the topic sentence always goes straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and indicate the primary objectives of the paper.
"A
well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety" (American National Standards Institute, 1979b).
3.1. Examples (4)
The experiment being made by our research group is aimed at obtaining the result of… The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of… Experiments on… were made in order to measure the amount of… The emphasis of this study lies in…
Abstract--Writing-英语摘要写作
Functions of Abstracts
ToБайду номын сангаасhelp readers identify articles of interest
To outline the main points of an article To guide the reading of longer
7
Types of Technical Abstract
3. Informative Abstract To inform, to present the principal facts and
conclusions given in the original work. Sic-tech paper abstracts are usually written in this form. E.g. Title: Composing Letters With a Simulated listening Typewriter
documents An important measure for retrieving
papers and for promoting the international sic-tech exchange
Types of Technical Abstract
According to their functions: 1. Descriptive abstract tells what the full report contains.
英文摘要的类型
指示性文摘（Indicated Abstracts） 指示型摘要也称为介绍型摘要或陈述型摘要，它
只是简要地介绍论文的论题，仅使读者对论文主要 内容有一些概括了解。一般那不介绍方法、结果、 结论的具体内容，不包含任何数据。它仅指出论文 的综合内容，适用于综述性文献，图书介绍及编辑 加工过的专著等。
Abstract_writing__英文摘要写作方法
3.1. Topic Sentence
The first sentence in an abstract is usually called the “topic sentence”. By answering “topic sentence”. the question of “what”, the topic sentence always goes straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and indicate the primary objectives of the paper.
The Formalized Structure of Abstract
An abstract usually consists of the following three major parts: topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences.
Abstract Writing
Definition and components of an abstract Samples of abstract writing
What Is Abstract
An abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. The Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. Discussion. As Houghton (1975) put it, "An abstract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document."
英语摘要怎么写作业
英语摘要怎么写作业在撰写英语摘要时，你需要遵循以下步骤：1. 理解原文：在开始写作之前，确保你完全理解了文章或报告的主题和要点。
2. 确定摘要类型：摘要通常分为两种类型：描述性摘要和信息性摘要。
描述性摘要简短介绍文章内容，而信息性摘要则提供文章的详细要点。
3. 突出关键点：摘要应该包括文章的主要论点、论据和结论。
避免包含次要信息或细节。
4. 使用第三人称：摘要应该保持客观，使用第三人称来描述研究和结果。
5. 避免使用引用：摘要应该用自己的话来表达，而不是直接引用原文。
6. 保持简洁：摘要应该简洁明了，通常长度不超过原文的10-15%。
7. 使用简单语言：避免使用复杂或专业的术语，除非它们是理解文章的关键。
8. 结构清晰：摘要的结构应该清晰，通常包括引言、主体和结论。
9. 检查格式：确保你的摘要遵循了所需的格式，包括缩进、字体和间距。
10. 校对：在提交之前，仔细校对摘要，检查语法错误和拼写错误。
摘要示例：> The article explores the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. It presents a comprehensive study involving 1,000 participants, highlighting a significant increase in anxiety and depression among frequent users. The study suggests that excessive screen time and social comparison contribute to these mental health issues. The author recommends implementing digital literacy programs in schools to educate adolescents on the responsible use of social media.通过遵循这些步骤，你可以有效地撰写出高质量的英语摘要。
英文摘要的写作技巧
英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。
2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。
3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。
4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。
5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。
二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。
2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。
3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。
英语论文摘要写作方法
2.
Deciding “yes” or “no” Expanding the circulation
3.
Many international conference sponsors just review the abstract and make the decision without referring t o t h e w h o l e t e x t . First, it frames the writer’s ideas for those who are beginning to read his paper. Second, it identifies the writer’s contribution for those who are using an information-retrieval ser vice.
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English paper writing
Part II Abstract pqyuan@
Abstract (1)
1.
General function of abstract An abstract is a condensed statement of the contents of a Miniaturizing the text paper, which servers as a useful tool
Abstract (1)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Concluding sentence It is concluded that … The results of the experiment indicate that … The research we have done suggests that … All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of … These findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion that … The data obtained appear to be very similar to those reported earlier by …
摘要怎么写(Abstracthowtowrite)
摘要怎么写（Abstract how to write）摘要怎么写(Abstract how to write)Abstract how to writeAbstract: the substantive content concise, specific to reflect the content of the show, enough information, innovation of the important details show the general object, by specific research methods, results and conclusion four elements.The object is the research and development of related and investigation of the specific range of topics, the main research contents, the problems to be solved, the problem is proposed, and the establishment of the target location on the direction of the.The method is used to study the process of the research object inthe theory, principle, condition, material, technology, structure, methods, procedures, is a necessary means to complete the research object.The author is using the research method of experiment, the resultsof the research object, effect, data, identified the relationship, is the result of scientific research.Conclusion: the results of research, analysis, comparison, evaluation, application and put forward the problems, is a summary of the results, the results show the reliability, practicality, innovation, value and academic level of the study, the search window is determined by the.Chinese abstract writing requirements:1. the theme concept does not omit the principle of Chinese abstract words in 200-300 words, English to 100-150wordsAt the beginning of 2. important facts, the paper highlights the new information, which is a new topic, new methods and conclusions and results of innovation etc.The 3. must be complete, clear, concise and to the point, stronger logic, structural integrity, delete the background and research information in the past, the author should not contain plans for the future, to prevent modification and useless narrative literature The 4. involved in the work of others or research results, try tolist their names5. do not begin with a number of English must correspondAbstract ChineseThis is a comprehensive summary of the contents of the brief, allowing readers to quickly dominate the content. With the same title, but also a variety of common object retrieval Abstract database.This is the most important part of the whole thesis. The author, once published in journals, abstracts will be as part of a collection of abstract print or electronic version, began its active and long career "". As readers, first contact with a psychology paper are mostly from the beginning of the reading. The majority of the required system literature search throughcomputer retrieval, only the part of the display on a computer screen. Read in the academic journals, the most is the first reading of the paper, and then the basis to decide whether to read the whole paper. Therefore, the information should have not only high concentration, but also the readability, but also the whole structure, short and independent articles. A good abstract should have the following characteristics:Accuracy.Abstract should accurately reflect the purpose and content of the paper should not be included in the content. If the study is mainly based on a previous study on the extension of the previous studies, then it should be noted in previous studies of the author's name and year in the abstract. The level of the title and abstract comparison is an effective method to verify the accuracy of the.Independence. The abstract should be self-contained, independent articles, so the special terms, all abbreviations (units excepted), ellipsis explanation, spelling out the name of the drug (drug use and common name). There is no appropriate Chinese new terms or terms, available original or translated after the parentheses indicate the original. In reference to other publications including the author's name and date of publication (in the reference table to fully explain the source of literature).Concise and specific.Every sentence in the abstract to maximize the information asmuch as possible and concise. The length is generally not more than 300 words. The start to put the most important information (but not duplication).It can be objective or topic, also can be the result or conclusion. The most simply consists of 4 or 5 of the most important points, results or meaning.The method can save space:(1) do not take this subject in the field of knowledge content into abstract, but also not too deep, so that the general reader to understand; avoid the should appear in the preface written in;(2) general nor simple duplication of existing information. For example, an article title is "characteristics and development" to solve the problem of infant behavior, the start stop writing "characteristics and development of infant problem solving behavior was studied."(3) in addition to really inflexible, generally do not have the mathematical formula, does not appear as illustrations and tables.(4) no citation, unless the documents confirm or deny others have been published.(5) in the third person. Recommended for...... The research "and" report...... The current situation, the...... Investigation and record way, without the use of "article","author" as the subject.。
Abstract writing∶摘要的写法
Types of abstracts
Descriptive abstract
Descriptive abstracts may tell what subjects are in the paper, but they tell nothing about the details, much less the conclusions, of your paper. They tease, rather than inform. Consider, for example, this excerpt from a hypothetical abstract: __ Saturable(可饱和的) dyes（染料） for laser Q switches are found to degrade (退色)with time. The cause of this degradation is discussed and a possible solution is proposed. This example gives me no useful information and requires me to read the paper.
Four basicjectives of the research paper(论文所研 究的具体对象 ) Methodology you used in the research(运 用的具体方法 ) The findings from the research(得出的具体 结果 ) Conclusions induced from the finding or experiments(结果进行剖析而得出的具有创 新性的结论 )
Summary
Size: brief, not as brief as that of abstract Purpose: presents the most important information contained in the reports, for a story, it covers the serial events occurred in it. Similar with abstract, it is an independent part.
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➢ The Abstract should
(1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation；
(2) describe the methods employed； (3) summarize the results；
(4) state the principal conclusions.
➢ The Abstract should not exceed 250 words and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper. The Abstract should be typed as a single paragraph.
➢ As Houghton (1975) put it, "An abstract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document."
➢ "A well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety" (American National Standards Institute, 1979b).
Types of Abstracts
➢ Informative abstract (more detailed, and may include quantitative details) 信息性/报道性/资料性摘要
➢ Indicative /descriptive abstract (brief and qualitative, indicating what kind of research has been done) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要
2.2 Indicative abstract (1)
➢ Another common type of abstract is the indicative abstract (sometimes called a descriptive abstract). This type of abstract is designed to indicate the subjects dealt with in a paper, making it easy for potential readers to decide whether to read the paper. However, because of its descriptive rather than substantive nature, it can seldom serve as a substitute for the full paper.
Abstract Writing
Definition and components of an abstract
Samples of abstract writing
What Is Abstraபைடு நூலகம்t
➢ An abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. The Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion.
➢ When writing the Abstract, examine every word carefully. If you can tell your story in 100 words, do not use 200.
➢ Most of the Abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done.
➢ Informative-indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要
2.1 Informative abstract
➢ An informative abstract is designed to condense the paper. It can and should briefly state the problem, the method used to study the problem, and the principal data and conclusions. Often, the abstract supplants the need for reading the full paper; without such abstracts, scientists would not be able to keep up in active areas of research. This is the type of abstract that is used as a “heading” in most journals today.
➢ The Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a previously published method). Likewise, the Abstract should not include or refer to tables and figures.