湖南长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(四)
[文数答案]炎德英才大联考2012长沙一中高三3次月考
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湖南省长沙一中2012届高三月考试卷(四)物理试题word版
长沙一中2012届高三月考试卷（四）物理试题本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，时量90分钟，满分110分。
第I卷选择题（共56分）一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题4分，共56分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分）1．下列说法符合物理学史学的是（）A．牛顿发现了行星的运动规律B．开普勒发现了万有引力定律C．卡文迪许第一次在实验室里测出了万有引力常量D．法拉第发现了电流的热效应2．如图1所示，置于水平地面上相同材料的质量分别为m和M的两物体用细绳连接，在M上施加一水平恒力F，使两物体做匀加速直线运动，对两物体间细绳上的拉力大小，正确的是（）A．地面光滑时，绳上拉力等于mF/(M+m)B．地面不光滑时，绳上拉力等于mF/(M+m)C．地面不光滑时，绳上拉力大于mF/(M+m)D．地面不光滑时，绳上拉力小于mF/(M+m)3．如图2所示电路中，当滑动变阻器的滑片向上滑动时（）A．电压表示数变大，电流表示数变小B．电压表示数变小，电流表示数变大C．电压表，电流表示数都变大D．电压表，电流表示数都变小4．如图3，物块A静置在水平地面上，B静止在A的斜面上，某时刻起，对B施加一沿斜面向上的力F，力F从零开始随时间逐渐增大，在这一过程中，A、B均始终保持静止，则地面对A的（）A．支持力不变B．支持力增大C．摩擦力增大D ．摩擦力减小5．如图4所示，一根截面积为S 的均匀长直橡胶棒上均匀带有负电荷，单位长度电荷量为q ，当此棒沿轴线方向做速度为v 的匀速直线运动时，由于棒运动而形成的等效电流大小为 （ ）A ．vqB ．q vC ．qvSD ．qv S6．如图5所示，一个由电池E 、电阻R 与平行板电容器C 组成的串联电路，在增大电容器两极板间距离的过程中（ ）A ．电阻R 中没有电流B ．电容器的电容变大C ．电阻R 中有从a 流向b 的电流D ．电阻R 中有从b 流向a 的电流7．如图6所示的U —I 图像中，直线I 为某电源的路端电压U 与电流I 的关系，直线II 为某一电阻R 的伏安特性曲线，用该电源直接与电阻R连接成闭合电路，由图像可知（ ）A ．R 的阻为1.5ΩB ．电源电动势为3V ，内阻为0.5ΩC ．电源的输出功率为3.0WD ．电源内部消耗功率为1.5W8．如图7所示的电路中，灯泡A 和灯泡B 原来都是正常发光的，现在突然A 比原来变暗了些，灯泡B 比原来变亮了些，则电路中出现的故障可能是（ ）A ．R 1断路B ．R 1短路C ．R 2断路D ．R 1、R 2同时短路9．2000年8月17日，在德国柏林进行的2009世界田径锦标赛女子撑杆跳高决定中，罗格夫斯卡以 4.75米的成绩夺冠，若不计空气阻力，则罗格夫斯卡在这次撑杆跳高中 （ ）A ．起跳时杆对她的平均弹力大于她的重力B ．起跳时杆对她的平均弹力小于她的重力C ．起跳以后的下落过程中她处于超重状态D ．起跳以后的下落过程中她处于失重状态10．2010年3月5日，我国在酒泉卫星发射中心成功地将“遥感卫星九号”送入太空，若“遥感卫星九号”运行轨道比“遥感卫星八号”离地球更近些，且它们都围绕地球做匀速圆周运动，则“遥感九号”比“遥感八号”运行的（ ）A ．周期小B ．线速度小C ．角速度小D ．加速度小11．图8中竖直方向的平行线表示匀强电场的电场线，但未标明方向，电场中有一个带电粒子，仅受电场力的作用，从A 点运动到B 点，E kA ，E kB 表示该带电粒子在A ，B 两点的动能，,A B ϕϕ表示A 、B 两点的电势，以下判断正确的是（ ）A ．若AB ϕϕ<，则该电荷一定是负电荷B ．若E kA >E kB ，则A ϕ一定大于B ϕC ．若E kA >E kB ，则该电荷的运动轨迹不可能是虚线aD ．若该电荷的运动轨迹是虚线b 且粒子带正电荷，则A ϕ一定大于B ϕ12．静止在地面上的一小物体，在竖直向上的拉力作用下开始运动，在向上运动的过程中，物体机械能E 与位移s 的关系图象如图9所示，其中0~s 1过程中的图线是曲线，s 1~s 2过程中的图线为平行于横轴的直线，关于物体上升过程（不计空气阻力）的下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．0~s 1过程中物体所受的拉力是变力，且不断减小B ．s 1~s 2过程中物体做匀速直线运动C ．0~s 1过程中物体的动能先增大后减小D ．0~s 1过程中物体的加速度先减小再反向增大，最后保持不变且等于重力加速度13．如图10所示，一个由绝缘材料制成的轻弹簧水平放置，一端固定于竖直墙上，另一端与一带负电的小球相连，小球在光滑绝缘水平面上的B ，C 两点间周期性地来回往复运动，通过O 点时小球所受合力为零，整个装置处于水平向左的匀强电场中，假定在运动过程中小球的电荷量保持不变，则（ ）A ．在由B 到O 的过程中，弹簧的弹性势能和小球的电势能减少，动能增加B ．在由O 到C 的过程中，弹簧的弹性能增加，小球电势能和动能减少C ．在由B 经O 到C ，小球由势能的变化量和弹簧弹性势能的变化量大小相等D ．在由C 到O 的过程中，小球电势能的变化量和弹簧弹性势能的变化量大小相等14．如图11所示电路中，电阻R 1=8Ω，R 2=3Ω，当开关S 闭合时， 电压表的示数为7V ，电流表的示数为0.5A ；当开关S 断 开时，电压表的示数为3V ，电流表的示数为0.75A ，不考 虑电压表和电流表内阻的影响，下列结果不正确．．．的是（ ）A ．电阻R 4=4ΩB ．电阻R 2=4ΩC ．电源的内电阻为1ΩD ．电源的电动势为12V第II 卷 非选择题（共54分）二、实验题（每空2分，共18分）15．（1）写出如图12所示的游标尺和如图13所示螺旋测微器的读数；游标卡尺的读数mm ；螺旋测微器的读数 mm 。
湖南省大联考2012长沙一中高三11次月考文综试卷答案
炎德·英才大联考长沙市一中2012届高考模拟卷(三)文科综合参考答案一㊁选择题(本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分㊂在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的㊂)题号123456789101112131415161718答案C D D A C D A D C A D D C D C A A D 题号1920212223242526272829303132333435答案B B C D C D D D B B D B D C B A D D C BC D A二㊁非选择题(共160分)36.(1)变化规律:季节变化大;(2分)雨季扩大,旱季缩小㊂(2分)原因:湿地的范围广大,汇水面积大;(2分)地势低,容易积水;(2分)降雨量大,河网密集㊂(2分) (2)海拔适宜,且地势略有起伏,(2分)排水良好;(2分)日平均日照时数长,光照充足;(2分)但降雨季节不均,不利于咖啡生长㊂(2分)(3)靠近水电站,电力充足;(2分)铝土矿原料丰富㊂(2分)破坏植被,引起水土流失;(2分)产生环境污染㊂(2分)37.(1)分布不均匀,(2分)东部沿海(地带)中心指数高,(2分)长三角㊁珠三角和京津冀城市群最高,(2分)中西部(地带)中心指数低,尤其是西北地区最低㊂(2分)东部沿海(地带)城市人口与经济规模均较大;(2分)城市数量多,之间距离近,交通便利,(2分)相互影响较大㊂(2分)(或者中西部地带由于自然和社会经济条件相对落后,城市化水平低,城市人口规模与经济规模小;城市之间距离较远,彼此之间的影响小㊂)(2)A(B)城市群中心性指数偏低㊂(2分)加快核心城市的产业升级,发挥区域 龙头”作用;充分发挥当地的资源优势,促进区域经济发展;加快中小城市的发展,提高城市化和乡村城镇化水平;加强与东部发达地区的联系和经济合作,实现共同发展㊂(每点2分,任答两点即可)38.(1)认识:美方的做法,违背事实,违反了WT O规则,是严重的贸易保护主义行为,是对贸易救济措施的滥用,不仅损害中美经贸关系,也损害美国自身利益,在当前世界经济处于危机背景下开了极坏的先例㊂(6分)应对:国家 坚持对外开放的基本国策,提高开放型经济发展水平,在平等互利的基础上加强对外经济合作;运用世贸组织的相关原则,开展大国关系战略,反对贸易保护主义,切实维护国家经济安全等㊂(3分)企业 制定正确的经营发展战略;加大实施 走出去”和市场多元化战略的力度;创新对外经济交流合作的方式,依靠科技进步和科技管理,提高劳动生产率等㊂(3分)(2)①国家利益是一国生存和发展的权益,我国的国家利益的主要内容:包括安全利益㊁政治利益㊁经济利益㊂②我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家,国家利益与人民的根本利益相一致㊂维护我国的国家利益就是维护广大人民的根本利益,具有正义性和正当性㊂③有利于中国做大做强,也有利于维和促发㊂(各3分,共9分)(3)①物质决定意识,意识具有能动性㊂意识不仅能够能动地认识世界,而且能够能动地改造世界㊂②意识活动具有目的性和计划性㊂稀土矿的开采必须事先制定一定的蓝图㊁目标㊁行动步骤等开采规划㊂③意识炎德㊃英才大联考文科综合(一中版)-1活动具有主动创造性和自主选择性㊂面对稀土矿开采的现状,我们的开采规划是积极的㊁主动的,符合稀土矿的现状和开采规律,有利于稀土矿的合理科学开采㊂(每点2分,共6分)39.(1)①文化具有多样性,不同民族和国家文化的内容和形式各具特色㊂ 其中的功夫和熊猫都是中国独有的文化和文化象征符号”㊁ 生态环保㊁尊重生命㊁尊重自然甚至是爱惜异类动植物,所传达的则是全球化时代的普世价值观”㊁ 熊猫的眼睛是绿色的,究其原因,该片的编剧说: 因为这个动画师的眼睛就是绿色的’”体现了这一点㊂②文化是民族的,又是世界的㊂没有不同民族㊁不同国家的各具特色的文化,就不会形成文化的多样性,也就不会形成世界文化的五彩缤纷的景象,也就不会有‘功夫熊猫“的强烈共鸣的效果㊂③尊重文化多样性的态度是既认同本民族的文化,又要尊重其他民族的文化,相互借鉴,求同存异㊂尊重文化的多样性,共同促进人类文明繁荣进步,也就有了‘功夫熊猫“等优秀的文化作品㊂④尊重文化的多样性既是发展本民族文化的内在要求,又是实现世界文化发展繁荣的必然要求㊂各民族文化以其鲜明的特色丰富了世界文化,引起人们对优秀文化的喜爱和共鸣㊂⑤尊重不同民族的文化必须遵循各民族文化一律平等原则㊂尊重差异,理解个性,共同推动人类文明的进步㊂⑥文化多样性是文化创新的重要基础㊂只有不同民族文化之间的交流㊁借鉴和融合,才能创造出像‘功夫熊猫“一样的优秀的文化作品㊂(每点2分,任答4点即可,共8分)(2)①文化作为一种精神力量,能够在人们认识世界㊁改造世界的过程中转化为物质力量,对社会发展产生深刻的影响㊂先进的㊁健康的文化会促进社会的发展,落后的㊁腐朽的文化则会阻碍社会的发展㊂振兴文化产业,必须坚持把社会效益放在首位㊂(2分)②文化由经济㊁政治决定,又给经济㊁政治以重大影响㊂文化与经济㊁政治相互交融,文化生产力在现代经济总体格局中的作用越来越突出㊂只有大力发展文化产业,把文化产业培育成国民经济新的增长点,才能满足人们日益增长的文化需求㊂(2分)③当今世界,综合国力竞争日趋激烈,文化越来越成为民族凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉,越来越成为综合国力竞争的重要因素㊂谁占据了文化发展的制高点,谁拥有了强大的文化软实力,谁就能够更好地在国际竞争中掌握主动权㊂因此必须大力发展文化产业㊂(2分)④文化对人具有潜移默化㊁深远持久的影响㊂只有把社会效益放在发展文化产业的首位,才能创造出真正优秀的文化,才能丰富人的精神世界,增强人的精神力量,促进人的全面发展㊂(2分)(3)① 振兴文化产业,必须坚持把社会效益放在首位,努力实现社会效益与经济效益的统一”,体现了两点论与重点论的统一㊂② 坚持走中国特色文化产业发展道路,学习借鉴世界优秀文化,积极推动中华民族文化繁荣发展”,体现了矛盾普遍性和特殊性相统一的观点㊂③ 坚持以结构调整为主线,加快推进重大工程项目,扩大产业规模,增强文化产业整体实力和竞争力”,体现了集中力量抓主要矛盾等观点㊂④ 坚持走中国特色文化产业发展道路”坚持了具体问题具体分析㊂(每点3分,任答3点得9分)40.(1)原因:了解㊁遵从中国的风俗民情;拉拢和投靠上层统治者;笼络知识分子阶层;熟悉中国语言文字,掌握交往工具㊂(8分)(2)传播基督教文化;译介中国作品;介绍西方科技;创办报刊㊁教会学校㊁医疗机构;声援民主运动;进行思想文化侵略㊂(8分)扩大了基督教对中国的影响;有利于中国学习西方,推动了中国近代化进程;向西方传播了中国文化,促进了中西文化的交流㊂(6分)成为列强侵华的工具,引起中国人民的反抗㊂(2分)41.评分标准:一等(13~10分):①紧扣评论对象,观点明确,并做进一步阐释;②合理引用史实,进行多角度评论;③论证充分,逻辑严密,表述清楚㊂二等(9~5分):①能够结合评论对象,观点较明确;②引用史实,评论角度单一;③论证较完整,表述清楚㊂三等(4~0分):①偏离评论对象,观点不明确;②未引用史实;③论证欠缺说服力,表述不清楚㊂注:①紧扣评论对象,观点明确,并做进一步阐释;(3分)②合理引用史实,进行多角度评论;(8分)③论证充分,逻辑严密,表述清楚㊂(2分)炎德㊃英才大联考文科综合(一中版)-242.答案一:推荐线路:昆明 大理 丽江 昆明㊂(4分)理由:景点数量多;空间组合好;旅游路线较短(交通用时少,游览时间相对较多)㊂(6分)答案二:推荐线路:昆明 西双版纳 昆明㊂(4分)理由:游客数量相对较少;景点数量相对较少,在同一景区观赏时间长;从而获得更高的旅游质量㊂(6分) 43.(1)春旱㊁寒潮㊁沙尘暴㊂(6分)(2)华北平原㊂从图中看,当地有春旱,冬季风强,接近沙源地,降水变率小㊂(4分)44.自然:全球气候变化导致长江水体生态系统调整㊂(2分)人为:水质污染;过度捕捞;围湖造田及大型水利工程建设;航运船只增加;滥采河沙等㊂(任答4点得8分) 45.(1)变化:从原来按贵族势力分布,变为按人口多少和经济发达程度分配㊂(3分)依据:收入和财产多少㊂(2分)(2)社会背景:工业革命深入开展,城市化进程加速,工业资产阶级力量壮大㊂(4分)作用:进一步削弱和限制了贵族势力,使新兴工业资产阶级代表得以直接参与政权管理,推动了英国工业资本主义的发展和工业化㊁城市化进程㊂(4分)但其对选民资格的限制,排除了广大贫困阶层的民主权利(或没有实行普选权)㊂(2分)46.(1)卢梭:主权不能转让也不能代表;反对代议制㊂(3分)萨托利:认为代议制实现了以个人权利为基础的个人自由;赞同代议制㊂(3分)(2)推翻君主专制政体;建立资产阶级共和国;实行直接民主和间接民主;颁布‘中华民国临时约法“,主权在民;在三权分立基础上实行五权分立㊂(9分)47.(1)背景:海湾地区石油资源丰富;但长期以来受西方石油垄断资本的控制㊂(4分)作用:促进了海湾地区经济的发展;打击了西方殖民主义;影响了世界经济的发展㊂(5分)(2)海湾地区局势动荡,社会不稳定㊂(3分)(1979年下半年开始的两伊战争,极大地影响了世界石油局势,并造成了第二次世界性石油危机㊂伊朗石油出口随之减少,国际油价不断上涨㊂1988年,伊拉克入侵科威特,1991年海湾战争,2003年伊拉克战争㊂)其他国家石油产业的发展㊂(3分)(从20世纪80年代初开始,英国㊁挪威㊁墨西哥㊁俄罗斯等石油产量猛增,海湾国家感到正在失去对石油价格的控制能力,为夺回市场份额,它们开始大幅度增产,低价倾销㊂) 48.(1)评述:生于君主专制达到顶峰的时代;(2分)秉承儒家文化传统的文人;(2分)具有卓越的军事才干; (2分)只懂洋务,不懂国务;(2分) 以夷制夷”终究没能带来成功的外交家㊂(2分)(2)原因:李鸿章代表清政府签订了‘马关条约“‘辛丑条约“等一系列丧权辱国的不平等条约㊂(2分)基本原则:全面客观㊁实事求是,要把李鸿章放在特定的历史环境中辩证地进行评价㊂(3分)炎德㊃英才大联考文科综合(一中版)-3。
长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(一)
水满有时观下鹭，草深无处不鸣蛙。
箨龙已过头番笋，木笔犹开第一花①。
叹息老来交旧尽，睡余谁共午瓯茶。
【注】①箨龙（tuò），就是笋。木笔，又名辛夷花。两者都是初夏所见之物。
（1）诗人是如何表现居所之"幽"的？试作简要分析。（3分）
答案：①通过描写"槐阴柳""野径斜""水满""草深"等景象，烘托居所环境之清幽、景色之幽美；②以声衬"幽"：绿草丛中，生生蛙鸣，反衬出居所的幽静。（答到一点给2分，每点中要求写出明确的手法和内容分析。答到两点给3分。）
兴元元年，王师复振，逆贼乃遣其将辛景臻、安华至真卿所，积柴庭中，沃之以油，且传逆词曰："不能屈节，当自烧。"真卿乃投身赴火，景臻等遽止之，复告希烈。兴元元年八月三日，乃使阉奴与景臻等杀真卿。先曰"有敕。"真卿拜，奴曰："宜赐卿死。"真卿曰："老臣无状，罪当死，然不知使人何日从长安来？"奴曰："从大梁来。"真卿骂曰："乃逆贼耳，何敕耶！"遂缢杀之，年七十七。
C．佝（gōu）偻 土坯（pēi） 着（zhuó）落 胼手砥（zhī）足
D．发酵（jiào） 付梓（zǐ） 踟（zhī）蹰 顺蔓（wàn）摸瓜
答案：A
解析：B．绮（qǐ），拾（shè）；C．坯（pī）；D．踟（chí）
2．下列各句中，划线的词语使用恰当的一句是（ ）
11．古诗文默写。（5分，没空1分）
（1）女也不爽，____________。士也罔极，二三其德。（《诗经·氓》）
（2）呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。____________，____________。（曹操《短歌行》）
湖南省大联考2012长沙一中高三10次月考文综试卷答案
炎德·英才大联考长沙市一中2012届高考模拟卷(二)文科综合参考答案一㊁选择题(本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分㊂在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的㊂)题号123456789101112131415161718答案B C C A A D D C B D A C B A C D A D 题号1920212223242526272829303132333435答案B D C C A D D D D C B D C C C D BC A BC D A二㊁非选择题(共160分)36.(1)总干渠位于华北平原的西部,居高临下,控制范围广,受益范围大;地势南高北低㊁西高东低,可自流输水;与受水区已建成的水利工程连接简单,供水调度灵活机动㊂(每点3分,任答2点得6分)(2)提供了新的水源,缓解华北平原水资源不足,有利于工农业和居民生活用水;调节了气候;改善了生态环境;补充了地下水;改善了水质(调来的水泥沙含量少)等㊂(每点2分,任答4点得8分)(3)可行㊂(2分)节约土地;防止污染;减少下渗和蒸发;减少泥沙淤积等㊂(每点2分,任答2点得4分)不可行㊂(2分)与渠道输水相比,采用管道输水的投资大,(2分)运行费用较高㊂(2分)37.(1)甲河:下游为地上河;(3分)乙河:下游流经干旱的沙漠地区㊂(3分)(2)乙(2分) 甲河水量小且季节变化大;甲河含沙量大,淤积航道,航道浅;甲河有结冰期,部分河段有凌汛㊁断流现象㊂(6分)(3)甲河落差大于乙河,且甲河流经地区多峡谷,水流急㊂(4分)(4)正面影响:提供了巨大的电力;纳赛尔水库形成后灌溉了大量新开垦的农田;防止了下游洪水泛滥;航运能力提高等㊂(8分)负面影响:下游沿岸平原失去了定期泛滥带来的淤泥,土壤肥力下降;河口处海域的鱼类因失去饵料而大量减少;入海流量减少,导致海水倒灌,三角洲盐渍化加重;海岸遭到侵蚀而后退㊂(8分)38.(1)影响:财税政策是国家对社会经济活动实行宏观调控的重要手段㊂①通过财税政策的调整,②能切实减轻小微企业的税费负担,降低企业运营成本;能促进更多的经济资源流向小微企业,促进资源的合理配置,为小型微型企业发展创造良好的环境㊂(各3分,共6分)经济意义:①有利于小微企业提高经济效益(获得更多利润);②有利于稳定和扩大就业;③有利于稳定和扩大国内需求;④有利于实现 稳增长㊁调结构”的总体目标㊂(各2分,共8分)(2)①政府是国家的行政机关㊂面对小微企业经营困难,政府职能要求其及时出台新的财税政策措施,进行经济调节,积极履行了组织经济建设的职能㊂②为了让小微企业摆脱困境㊁提升发展能力,政府职能要求其及时调整财税政策,协调矛盾冲突,促进社会公正,维护社会秩序,较好地发挥社会管理的作用㊂③政府为支持小型和微型企业发展,而出台一系列新的财税政策措施,这是坚持为人民服务的宗旨和对人民负责的原则的要求㊂(各分,共分)39.(1)优势:网络具有双向互动的特点,作为现代传播媒介,能够最大程度超越时空的局限,汇集和抟播各种信息,在文化传递㊁沟通㊁共享方面具有强大的功能㊂(4分)作用:①文化反作用于政治,文化与政治相互交融㊂奉行霸权主义的国家,借助文化渗透的方式,推销自己的价值观,以推行强权政治,反对文化霸权主义的斗争成为国际政治斗争的重要内容㊂推动社会主义文化的大发展大繁荣,有利于抵制文化霸权主义,维护国家文化安全㊂(2分)②推动社会主义文化的大发展大繁荣,建设社会主义核心价值体系,有利于丰富人民群众的精神文化生活,提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质,提高辨识和抵御腐朽文化㊁落后文化的能力,自觉抵制文化渗透,维护国家文化安全㊂(2分)③有利于培育和弘扬民族精神,增强民族的凝聚力和创造力,增强我国文化软实力,提升文化的竞争力,维护国家的文化安全㊂(2分)(2)不赞同㊂(2分)理由:①矛盾就是对立统一,矛盾普遍存在,要求坚持用对立统一的观点看问题㊂(2分)对待政务微博,一方面要看到其推动政治文明建设的积极作用;另一方面,也不能忽视其存在滥用信息自由的问题㊂(2分)②客观事物内部的矛盾双方,其地位和作用是不平衡的㊂事物的性质主要是由主要矛盾的主要方面决定的㊂要求我们看问题既要全面,又要把握事物的性质,分清主流和支流㊂(2分) 政务微博”促进政府行为的积极作用是矛盾的主要方面;在实施过程中存在的问题只是矛盾的次要方面㊂我们不能忽视政务微博实施过程中的问题,要积极妥善地予以解决㊂ 政务微博不宜提倡”的看法夸大了矛盾次要方面的作用是不科学的㊂(2分)(3)文化生活角度:政务微博内容要面向人民大众;采取人民大众喜闻乐见的形式;立足社会生活积极创新等㊂(各1分,共3分)生活与哲学的角度:坚持一切从实际出发,实事求是;坚持发展的观点;坚持辩证否定观和革命批判精神;坚持树立创新意识;坚持群众观点和群众路线等㊂(言之成理即可酌情给分,学生只要答到3点即可得3分) 40.(1)背景:中世纪社会的发展提供了基础和要求;(2分)以人文学科为主的教会学校形成;(2分)学生和教师行会的自主要求推动教会学校向大学转变,欧洲诸多城市诞生大学㊂(2分)早期特点:学生组织团结有力,有严肃的学习要求;(2分)教师队伍规范,教学自主权大;(2分)教学内容广泛而自由㊂(2分)(2)意义:有利于摆脱科举旧学的束缚;使教育面向现代化,面向世界;推动教育普及化,提高国民素质;培养独立务实的新型人才;有利于文化的繁荣,促进国家的现代化建设㊂(8分)共同特征:地方办学;具有课程设置等多方面的教学自主性;注重发挥学生的主体作用㊂(5分)41.评分标准:一等(12~10分):①紧扣评论对象,观点明确,并做进一步阐释;②合理引用史实,进行多角度评论;③论证充分,逻辑严密,表述清楚㊂二等(9~5分):①能够结合评论对象,观点较明确;②引用史实,评论角度单一;③论证较完整,表述清楚㊂三等(4~0分):①偏离评论对象,观点不明确;②未引用史实;③论证欠缺说服力,表述不清楚㊂注:①紧扣评论对象,观点明确,并做进一步阐释;(3分)②合理引用史实,进行多角度评论;(7分)③论证充分,逻辑严密,表述清楚㊂(2分)42.旅游规划:搞好核心区㊁缓冲区㊁实验区等功能区的划分,把旅游活动的线路㊁范围尽可能定在核心区以外的地域; 沟内游,沟外住”,在景区内适当拆除经营性房屋㊂(6分)环境容量:实行 限量旅游”和 限时旅游”;可以通过调节门票价格,即旺季提高门票价格㊁淡季降低门票价格和对游客实行限量进入的方法来解决㊂(4分)43.(1)西南(2分) 下沉辐散(2分)(2)沙尘暴主要集中在(冬末和)春季(2㊁3㊁4㊁5月)㊂地表疏松(和植被稀疏),降水少,大风天气较多㊂(6分)44.(1)随着化肥消费量的增加,谷物单产提高,增加化肥消费量是提高谷物单产的重要手段㊂但化肥消费量增加到一定量以后,增产效果不大㊂(4分)(2)耕地质量下降(土壤板结,土壤肥力下降);污染地表水及地下水㊂(2分)提高生物技术;减少化肥使用量;发展有机农业;改良土壤等㊂(4分)45.(1)1927年,北伐节节胜利,国民政府逐步建立对全国的统治;(2分)发起 改订新约”运动,收回关税自主权;(2分)战争连绵不断需要筹措军费,国民经济建设需要健康的经济环境㊂(2分)(2)整顿国家经济秩序,为改善财政和发展经济创造条件;(2分)国家财政收入大大增加;(2分)调整税收,减轻了人民负担,缓和了社会矛盾;(2分)调整中央与地方的关系,同时有利于地方和国家发展;战争与派系斗争削弱了其作用㊂(3分)46.(1)平等㊁自由㊁追求幸福是天赋人权;(2分)政府是人民为了保障自身权利而建立的;(2分)政府破坏或改变人民权利,人民就有权推翻它㊂(2分)(2)特点:发表次数多,流传广;(2分)传播阶层广泛,有留学生㊁商人㊁革命者等㊂(2分)意义:唤醒了中国人民的民族民主意识;宣传了自由㊁民主㊁平等思想;推动了中国民主革命的兴起和发展㊂(5分)47.(1)1940年,法国沦陷,北部领土被德国占领,南部成立了德国控制的傀儡政府㊂(2分)原因:纵容侵略的绥靖政策,自食其果;一味依赖马奇诺防线,消极防御;德国集中力量进攻,意大利趁火打劫㊂(6分)(2)二战后初期,法国与美㊁英㊁苏一起,对德国及其首都柏林实行分区占领;50年代后,开始走向和解,1967年主导成立欧共体㊂(3分)二战后初期,法国追随美国,实行强权政治,造成德国的分裂;在两极格局下,出于共同的利益需要而走向和解,有利于两国政治经济的发展㊂(4分)48.(1)康熙全力奖励学术,重用名儒才子,重视对传统文化的总结,有利于中华文明的传承和发扬,但缺乏创新;(4分)拿破仑通过法案推动高等教育的发展,重视近代科技人才的培养,推动了本国近代科技和教育的进步,促进法国资本主义的发展,但其教育政策具有为军事服务的目的㊂(4分)(2)康熙:君主专制中央集权制度㊁自然经济占统治地位㊁实行文化专制㊂(4分)拿破仑:法国大革命㊁资本主义的发展㊁启蒙思想的影响㊂(3分)。
[理数]炎德英才大联考2012长沙一中高三5次月考
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题答 要 不 内 线 封密号 学名 姓级 班校 学炎德·英才大联考长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(五)数 学(理科)长沙市一中高三理科数学备课组组稿命题人:李运群 审题人:杨文新(考试范围:集合㊁逻辑㊁算法㊁函数㊁导数㊁三角函数㊁平面向量㊁复数㊁计数原理㊁数列㊁推理与证明㊁不等式㊁概率与统计㊁空间几何体㊁4-1㊁4-4㊁4-5㊁4-7) 本试题卷包括选择题㊁填空题和解答题三部分,共8页㊂时量120分钟㊂满分150分㊂得分:一㊁选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知m 1+i =1-n i ,其中m ,n 是实数,i 是虚数单位,则m +n i =A .2+iB .1-2iC .1+2iD .2-i 2.设集合A ={1,2},则满足A ∪B ={1,2,3}的集合B 的个数为A .1B .3C .4D .83.下图是一个几何体的三视图,则该几何体的体积为A .6B .8C .16D .244.某程序框图如图所示,该程序运行后输出的n值是A .3B .4C .5D .65.已知函数f (x )=3s i n 2ωx +2c o s 2ωx 的一条对称轴为x =π3,且0<ω<2,则f (x )的一个对称中心为A .(-π6,0)B .(-π6,1)C .(π4,0)D .(π4,1)6.如图,四边形O A B C 是边长为1的正方形,O D =3,点P 在△B C D 内(含边界)运动,设→O P =α→O C +β→O D ,则α+β的最大值等于A .14B .43C .13D .17.已知函数f (x )=-2x ,x >0e x,x ≤{,若关于x 的方程f [f (x )]=k 有实数解,则实数k 的取值范围是A .(0,+∞)B .[-2,0)∪(0,1)C .(-∞,1)D .[-2,+∞)8.设函数f (x )=x 2-a x +a +3,g (x )=a x -2a ,(其中a ∈R ),若存在x 0∈R ,使得f (x 0)<0与g (x 0)<0同时∙∙成立,则实数a 的取值范围是A .(7,+∞)B .(0,4)∪(7,+∞)C .(-∞,-7)∪(4,+∞)D .(-∞,-2)∪[6,+∞)选择题答题卡题 号12345678答 案二㊁填空题:本大题共8小题,考生作答7小题,每小题5分,共35分,把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上.(一)选做题(请考生在第9㊁10㊁11三题中任选两题作答,如果全做,则按前两题给分.)9.不等式|x -1|+|x +2|≥5的解集为 .10.如图,P A B 是半径为5的圆O 的一条割线,P A =2,A B=6,P C 是圆O 的一条切线,C 为切点,则四边形P A O C 的面积为 .11.某化工厂准备对某一化工产品进行技术改良,现决定优选加工温度,试验范围为20℃~33℃,精确到±1℃,现技术员准备用分数法进行优选,则第一个试点为 .(二)必做题(12~16题)12.(x +1x)9展开式中的常数项为 .13.已知实数x ,y 满足4x 2+4y 2-5x y =5,则S =x 2+y 2的最大值为 .14.为了了解高三学生的身体状况,调查了部分男生的体重,将所得数据整理后,画出频率分布直方图(如图),已知图中从左到右的前3个小组的频数成等差数列,第2小组的频数为12,则抽取的男生人数是 .15.如图,矩形O A B C由直线x=0,x=a,y=0,y=8a围成,其中a∈(0,π),阴影部分是曲线y=s i n x下方区域在矩形O A B C内的部分,向矩形O A B C内随机投掷一点,若落在阴影部分的概率为316,则a的值是 .16.设Z={1,2, ,n},对Z的任一非空子集M,M中的最大数与最小数之和定义为M的特征.(1)若n=4,则Z的所有非空子集的特征的平均数为 ;(2)若n=k,则Z的所有非空子集的特征的平均数为 .三㊁解答题:本大题共6小题,共75分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题满分12分)在△A B C中,已知a㊁b㊁c分别为三个内角A㊁B㊁C的对边,锐角∙∙B满足s i n B=74.(1)求s i n2B+c o s2A+C2的值;(2)若b=2,当a c取最大值时,求△A B C的面积.18.(本小题满分12分)某种家用电器每台的销售利润与该电器无故障使用时间t (单位:年)满足如下关系:若t ≤1,则销售利润为0元;若1<t ≤3,则销售利润为100元;若t >3,则销售利润为200元.已知这种家用电器无故障使用时t ≤1,1<t ≤3和t >3这三种情况的发生是随机的,且发生的概率分别为16,13,12.(1)求销售一台这种电器的利润ξ的期望;(2)求销售3台这种家用电器的利润和恰为300元的概率.19.(本小题满分12分)已知直四棱柱A B C D A1B1C1D1中,底面A B C D是直角梯形,其中∠C D A=∠D A B=90°,D D1=D C= 2A D=2A B.(1)求证:D1C⊥A C1;(2)设E是D C上一点,试确定E的位置,使D1E∥平面A1B D,并说明理由.20.(本小题满分13分)饮料公司制造并出售某品牌圆柱形瓶装饮料,瓶子的制造成本包括瓶身和瓶底(瓶底指上底和下底),其中每单位平方厘米的造价成本瓶身为0.1分/c m2,瓶底为0.25分/c m2,要求制造的圆柱形瓶的容量为定值V(c m)3的饮料,设瓶底半径为r c m,瓶高为h c m.(1)当底半径r为多少时,能使制造成本最低?此时h r为多少?(2)饮料公司为了保证其独特的外形特征,规定h r在某一范围内取值.若要使hr≥a,a为给定正实数,则当r为多少时,可使瓶子制造成本最低?21.(本小题满分13分)已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且a n+S n=6-62n,设b n=2n㊃a n.(1)求证:数列{b n}是等差数列,并求数列{a n}的通项公式;(2)设T n=a n㊃b n+1,若任意n∈N+,总有T n≤m成立,求实数m的取值范围.(3)设数列{c n}的通项公式为c n=2n(n∈N+),若i,j均为正整数,且1≤i≤j≤n,求所有可能的乘积c i㊃b j(如下图中的数阵)的和R n.c1b1c1b2 c2b2c1b3 c2b3 c3b3c1b4 c2b4 c3b4 c4b4c1b n c2b n c3b n c n b n22.(本小题满分13分)已知函数f(x)=x+x l n x,g(x)=x-l n x-2.(1)若x0是函数g(x)在(1,+∞)的一个零点,且x0∈(n,n+1),n∈Z,求n的值;(2)若k∈Z且k<f(x)x-1对任意x>1恒成立,求k的最大值; (3)设函数F(x)=2g(x)+x2+(a-2)x+4,其导函数F'(x),若函数F(x)的图象交x轴于C(x1,0),D(x2,0)两点,且线段C D的中点为N(x0,0),试问x0是否为方程F'(x)=0的根,请说明理由.。
湖南省长沙一中2012届高三月考试卷(四)英语试题word版
长沙一中2012届高三月考试卷（四）英语试题本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读和书面表达。
时量120分钟。
满分150分。
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30 marks）Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11．Where is Jerry?A．In the car. B．In the hospital. C．In the school. 2．What can we learn about Jerry’s sister?A．She knows Alan well. B．She is still in danger. C．She will recover soon. Conversation 23．What was the man in China for?A．For a tour. B．For a lecture. C．For a conference. 4．How many cities did the woman visit in China?A．4. B．5. C．6.Conversation 35．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Mother and son. B．Husband and wife. C．Saleswoman and customer.6．What suggestion does the man give?A．Saving some money in the bank.B．Buying famous brand long-sleeve T-shirts.C．Buying good-quality T-shirts at a low price.Conversation 47．Which city are the two speakers in?A．Beijing. B．Guangzhou. C．Changsha.8．What are they mainly talking about?A．Food. B．Health. C．Shopping.9．What can we learn from the conversation?A．The stinky toufu sellers all come from Hunan.B．The man prefers to have supper at home today.C．Some Japanese girls like the Chinese-style hair clips.Conversation 510．Why is the patient seeing the doctor?A．Because he feels tired.B．Because his wife feels tired.C．Because his wife told him to.11．What does the doctor think his problem is?A．His job. B．His wife. C．His operation. 12．What can we learn about the doctor?A．She isn’t fit for her job.B．She didn’t give the man any examination.C．She will give the man further examination tomorrow.Conversation 613．Why does the man feel terrible?A．Because h is computer was stolen.B．Because he lost all his homework in the computer.C．Because he failed to finish the homework on computer.14．When should the man hand in his homework?A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Thursday. C．Next Wednesday. 15．What can we learn from the conversation?A．The woman has just bought a computer.B．The woman’s virus protection is nearly out of date.C．The man doesn’t know what to do without the Internet.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Part II Language Knowledge(45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21．is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.A．It B．As C．What D．Which 22．Five years ago the population of their city was of ours.A．twice more than that B．as twice large as thatC．twice as much as that D．twice as large as that23．—I’m sorry, but you are fined $ 50! You know you at 120 km an hour, don’t you?—No, officer. I can’t have been. This car doesn’t do 100.A．are driving B．were driving C．have driven D．had driven 24．It is high time he up his mind.A．made B．makes C．make D．making 25．gets well prepared will pass the exam easily.A．Who B．Anyone C．Whoever D．Those who 26．The original meanings of many idioms have changed time.A．in B．on C．for D．over 27．This shirt has to every day. But luckily it well.A．wash; washes B．wash; is washedC．be washed; washes D．be washed; is washed28．with so much trouble, they failed to complete the task on time.A．Faced B．Facing C．To face D．To be faced 29．Word came our team won the competition.A．when B．where C．which D．that30．It was in that company he used to work in he met that girl.A．that; which B．where; which C．that; that D．where; that 31．Nobody leave the classroom before the bell rings.A．shall B．will C．should D．must 32．He hurried to the train station, only that the train had left.A．finding B．to find C．having found D．to have found 33．Hardly with my parents when I realized that I was wrong and shouldn’t have done this to them.A．did I quarreled B．had I quarreled C．I quarreled D．I had quarreled 34．So hurriedly the classroom that he forgot to turn off the light.A．he left B．did he leave C．had he left D．he had left 35．Generally, air will be heavily polluted there are a lot of factories.A．where B．when C．that D．how Section B(18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that 36 are in poorer health than jobholders. A study shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate 37 correspondingly by 2%. All these come down to one point: Work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, 38 loneliness and solitude(孤独). Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have 39 to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge 40 man and reality. Through work, people come into contact with each other. By collective(集体的) activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The 41 of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to(易于) 42 .43 , work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of 44 . Word makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students 45 , they are happy beyond words.From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you 46 , the happier and 47 you will be. Let’s work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life.36．A．the busy B．the jobless C．career women D．the hard-working37．A．decreases B．rises C．improves D．declines 38．A．with B．in C．full of D．away from 39．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 40．A．over B．across C．for D．between 41．A．loss B．failure C．gains D．success 42．A．success B．death C．victory D．disease 43．A．Besides B．Finally C．However D．Therefore 44．A．disappointment B．achievement C．regret D．humor 45．A．come B．go C．grow D．laugh 46．A．laugh B．work C．exercise D．play 47．A．happier B．stronger C．smarter D．wealthier Section C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Why is setting goals important? 48. goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals. 49. setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are two drivers. 50. has a destination in mind which can be found on a map. He can drive straight there surely without any wasted time of wrong turns. The otherdriver has 51. goal, or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, but she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just using up gas. 52. driver do you want to be?Winners in life set goals and follow them through. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people usually just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set and they aren’t difficult to reach. It’s up to 53. to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.Research tells us that when we write a goal 54. , we are more likely to achieve it. Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also when you write your goals in a particular way, you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations 55. will bring you nearer to your goal. Part III Reading comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AYoung Mr. Smith had an idea for his employer to save money for the company by increasing prices and selling goods of less value. If his employer like the idea, Smith might be given more pay or even get a better job.Business had been very slow. So his employer thought a few minutes. But then she shook her head. “I am sorry, Smith.” She said. “It just will not wash.”Most word experts agree that "It will not wash" means it will not work. Eric Partridge wrote that the saying probably developed in Britain in the 180s, when Charlotte Bronte used “That won’t wash, miss.”In a story. She seems to have meant that the colors in a piece of clothing couldn’t be depended on to stay.In mineteenth century England, the expression came to mean an undependable statement mainly to describe an idea. But sometimes it was used about a person. For example, a critic once said of the poet Robert Browning, “He won’t wash.”Happily for the young employee Smith, the employer “talked turkey” to him. She said, “Your idea would be unfair to our buyers. Think of another way to save money.”A century ago, “to talk turkey”meant to talk pleasantly. Turkeys in the barnyard were thought to be speaking pleasantly to one another. In recent years, the saying has come to mean an attempt to teach something important.Word expert Charles Funk tells how this change took place. A white man and an American Indian were shooting turkeys together. The white man began stating reasons why he should get all the turkeys for himself. But the American Indian stopped him. He told the white man, “Now, I talk turkey to you.”Mr. Smith thought of a better idea after his employer talked turkey to him. He was given an increase in pay. So if your idea “will not wash”, try “talking turkey” to yourself and come up with a better idea.56．Why did young Mr. Smith tell his idea to his employer?A．To increase prices. B．To sell goods of less value.C．To get more pay or a better job. D．To save money for the company. 57．What did the employer mean by saying “It just will not wash.”?A．Your idea is unfair. B．I couldn’t agree more.C．Your idea is incredible. D．Your idea is unworkable.58．Who invented the expression “It won’t wash” according to the passage?A．Charles Funk. B．Charlotte Bronte.C．Eric Pattridge. D．Robert Browning.59．What does “to talk turkey” mean now?A．To talk pleasantly. B．To argue with someone.C．To turn down one’s idea. D．To try to teach something important. 60．Which of the following agrees with the passage?A．The passage tells readers how to create English expressions.B．Talking turkey to yourself can help you think of a better idea.C．If someone says “Your suggestion won’t wash.” he shares your idea.D．Mr. Smith was finally given an increase in pay because he talked turkey to his employer.BLooking for teaching jobs? Welcome to Techers-Teachers. Com, a service designed to save instructors’ time and money as they search for great jobs in education.By posting your resume(履历) online, you can make yourself instantly accessible to thousands of schools nationwide, and you’ll also gain acess to our large database of open teaching jobs. Schools across the United States are constantly hunting for new teachers, so if you need help finding the perfect job. Teachers-Teachers is here to offer assistance.If any school has an interest in you as a candidate, you will be notified via email. You will then be given the opportunity to email a cover letter, and receive more information about the school and the position for which you are applying.●It’s Free: is a free online service for instructors looking for open teacher employment opportunities. When you use our site, you can avoid the costs of mailing and faxing resumes.●It’s Easy: Why waste valuable time researching available teaching positions for teachers and mailing dozens of resumers? Within minetes, you can create and post your resume, and lot the schools come to you.●It’s Customized: Streamline your search of teaching jobs by specifying in which states you are willing to work, the desired subject area and grade level, and y our preferred school setting. The notices you receive regarding teaching jobs will only match the criteria you have selected .●It’s Effective: By posting your resume online, your information will be instantly accessible to hundreds of interested schools. You’ll also have immediate access to scores of open education jobs nationwide.●It’s Convertlent:Apply to schools any time-day or night. Edit and update your resume online. Updated resumes help schools find the most qualified candidates for their open teachingpositions.●It’s Secure: Your information is protected via your username and password. Be confident you can prevent current employers from seeing your resume by blocking out their zip code. 61．The passage is probably written for .A．educators B．university studentsC．college graduates D．those searching for teaching jobs 62．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of ?A．It saves time and money.B．The site is open at any time.C．It offers candidates scores of teaching jobs.D．It won’t give the candidates’ information away.63．Which of the following statements is TURE according to the passage?A．The site can update your resume automatically for you.B．If a school is interested in you, they will arrange an interview with you.C．If you use Teachers-Teachers. com, all you need to do is post your resume.D．The purpose of Teachers-Teachers. com is to help instructors find a teaching position more easily.64．The underlined word “notified” in Paragraph 3 probably means “”.A．employed B．informed C．invited D．selected 65．Which of the following can be used as the best title of this advertisement?A．Teaching jobs online B．Finding perfect jobsC．Just post your resume D．Hunting for new teachersCThe first night in Yosemite had been awful. I hadn’t been able to sleep and I was stuck in a too small tent with my wife and two kids. “Things haven’t worked out,” I said to myself. But, like so many other things I complain before my morning coffee, this one was ridiculously off-key. Things weren’t bad; they were good.A hundred yards (91 meters) away was Summit Lake, with its wonderful early orning mists shimmering(闪烁微光) off the water. A couple of miles to the southwest was the base of the Lassen Peak Trail. The base was 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) above sea level, huge snow banks dotting(点缀) the place even in mid August. It was beautiful.We fired up the camp stove, got out our cold boxes from the heavy metal locker(储物柜), fried up some bacon, cut open some bread, and boiled up a cup of coffee.Half an hour later, my 6-year-old daughter and I were in the parking lot of the Lassen Peak Trail, getting ready to hike. We wouldn’t make it all the way—young legs get pretty tired on a steep mountain path—but it didn’t matter. We would see great views spread out below us, the volcanic ash that layered on the earth turning the melding snow a mysterious pink as the sun struck it.Later, on the hike, I felt stupid about my morning complaints. Everything had been worthwhile. It gave me enormous satisfaction to see my daughter so excited about the view from the mountain.Yes, camping is uncomfortable. But there’s also something wonderful about being so close to nature. Just as importantly, there’s something about getting young children out of their increasingly technology-filled comfort zones and forcing then to encounter the non-cyber world around them.We lose something when we spend all our time cocooned inside a carefully constructed modernity, and when we read about daily affronts(冒犯) to the environment, yet don’t fully realize what is at stake, removed as we are from nature. It’s a good thing to reconnect every so often with the Great Outdoors.66．How did the author first feel about camping in Yosemite?A．Excited. B．Shocked. C．Wonderful. D．Uncomfortable. 67．By saying “this one was ridiculously off-key”, the author means that “”.A．he had lost his key B．this was meaninglessC．this was quite unusual D．this was far from the truth 68．Which of the following is TURE according to the article?A．The author seldom complains in the early morning.B．The author walked all the way to the Lassen Peak Trail.C．The view from the mountain impressed the author’s daughter.D．The author hiked to the top of the mountain to get a better view.69．Why wouldn’t they hike all the way?A．Because there was volcanic ash.B．Because the trail was covered with snow.C．Because they would get tired easily.D．Because they wanted to see great views below.70．With the article, the writer tries to send the message that .A．it’s great to walk outdoors and get close to natureB．we should try our best to keep the balance of natureC．modern technology causes no harm to human societyD．it’s advisable to be well prepared before going campingPart IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.There are several variations on the basic auction(拍卖) form, including time limits, minimum or maximum limits on bid prices, and special rules for determining the winning bidder(s) and sale price(s).English auctionThis type of auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent(随后的) bid higher than the previous bid. The auction ends when no participant is willing to bid further, at which point the highest bidder pays their bid. Alternatively, if the seller has set a minimum sale price in advance (the ‘reserve’price) and the final bid does not reach that price the item remains unsold. Sometimes the auctioneer sets a minimum amount by which the next bid must exceed the current highest bid.The English auction is commonly used for selling goods, most prominently antiques and artwork, but also second hand goods and real estate. At least two bidders are required.Dutch auctionIn the traditional Dutch auction, the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer’s price. The winning participant pays the last announced price.In addition to cut flower sales in the Netherlands, Dutch auctions have also been used for perishable(易腐坏的) commodities such as fish and tobacco.Sealed first-price auctionSealed first-price auction, also known as a first-price sealed bid auction(FPSB). In this type of auction all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids so that no bidder knows the bid of any other participant. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted.This type of auction is distinct from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Furthermore, as bidders cannot see the bids of other participants they cannot adjust their own bids accordingly. Sealed first-price auctions are commonly used in tendering(投标), particularly for government contracts and auctions for mining leases.Vickrey auctionVickrey auction, also known as a seated-bid second-price auction. This is identical to the sealed first-price auction except that the winning bidder pays the second highest bid rather than their own. This is very similar to the proxy(代理人) bidding system used by eBay, where the winner pays the second highest bid plus a bidding increment(增额) (e.g..10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Energy beverages, vitamin pills, beauty drinks. We have swallowed bucket loads of antioxidant-rich products”(富含抗氧化物的产品) in a belief that he antioxidants they contain could improve our health and turn back the aging clock.But sadly, researchers now say the antioxidant myth could be just another medical fairy tale."There is little to no data supporting the use of antioxidants to protect against disease," said Toren Finkel, a health professional at the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.What's even sadder, large doses of antioxidant supplements could promote the very problems they are supposed to stamp out.A recent review of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial showed long-term, regular use of Vitamin E supplements increase the risk of prostate cancer in healthy men.However, antioxidants have long since acquired a reputation as miracle health supplements.As long ago as the 1950s, scientists discovered that many diseases – including heart diseases, strokes and cancer – are linked to free radicals(自由基), destructive chemicals that can destroy cell membranes(细胞膜) and disrupt（打断，妨碍）crucial processes in the body.Then in the early 1990s, they noticed that people who eat foods rich in antioxidants, often found in fruits and vegetables, have lower rates of cancer and heart disease. A hypothesis was thus born: antioxidants, including Vitamins C and E, beta-carotene and polyphenols, are a weapon against free-radical damage.Manufacturers have since emblazoned（颂扬）"antioxidants" on everything. Nestle's Glowelle Beauty Drink connects to beliefs about antioxidants' skin benefits with its message about being "the highest antioxidant beauty drink". Coca Cola's Vitamin Water-XXX boasts（吹嘘）"triple antioxidants". Even Starbucks introduced its "antioxidant-rich" Blueberries & Crème Frappuccino.Last year alone, hundreds of products with antioxidant claims were launched, said Carlotta Mast, editor-in-chief of , which tracks the market in natural, organic and healthy products.Advertisement campaigns aside, athletes have been driving the "antioxidant" bandwagon.Elite marathon runner Wesley Korir of Kenya swears by antioxidant supplements, which he believes have kept him healthy, allowing him to do faster workouts and recover more quickly.Korir, winner of the last two Los Angeles Marathons, takes several supplements, including a liquid product with acai, a fruit that contains antioxidants.But experts warn that supplementing with antioxidants may blunt the beneficial effects of working out."To fight oxidative stress, exercise. And eat your fruits and vegetables," professor David Neiman at Appalachian State University, US gives his timeworn advice81. Why do people use antioxidants? (No more than 14 words) (3 marks)Because people believe they can improve our health and turn back the aging clock. /Because people believe they can protect against disease.82. Who is mentioned as a user of antioxidants? (No more than 2 words) (2 marks)Wesley Korir.83. What is the side effect of long term, regular use of Vitamin E supplements? (No more than10 words) (2 marks)It increases the risk of prostate cancer in healthy men.84. What’s Professor David Neiman’s advice to fight oxidative stress? (No more than 7 words) (3 marks)To exercise and eat fruits and vegetables. / Exercising and eating fruits and vegetables.SECTION C(25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.以下是你对好友有意见时写给他（她）的一封信，每段的最后一句已经给出，请根据每段的最后一句用不少于120字完成该信件。
[理数答案]炎德英才大联考2012长沙一中高三3次月考
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炎德·英才大联考长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(三)数学(理科)参考答案一㊁选择题题 号12345678答 案C A C B C A C C 二㊁填空题9.1310.2-111.200012.213.a <b <c14.(0,14]15.[0,1)16.(1)362 (2)46三㊁解答题17.解:(1)由已知得A =4,T =2π3.(2分)……………………………………………………………………………令3×π12+φ=0,有φ=-π4∈(-π2,π2).(4分)……………………………………………………………∴f (x )=4c o s (3x -π4).(6分)…………………………………………………………………………………(2)∵f (13A +π12)=-2,∴4c o s (A +π4-π4)=-2,即c o s A =-12.(8分)………………………………∵A ∈(0,π),∴A =2π3.(10分)…………………………………………………………………………………所以s i n B +s i n C =s i n B +s i n (π3-B )=32c o s B +12s i n B =s i n (π3+B ).当B =π6时,s i n B +s i n C 的最大值为1.(12分)…………………………………………………………………18.解:(1)∵a =(12,32),b =(3,-1),∴a ㊃b =0,|a |=1,|b |=2,(2分)……………………………………∵x ⊥y ,∴x ㊃y =0,∴-k +t 2+1=0,f (t )=t 2+1.(5分)……………………………………………………(2)∵f (a ㊃b )=f (0)=1,∴t 2-3m t +1>0对任意的大于0的实数t 恒成立,即3m <t 2+1t =t +1t 对任意的大于0的实数t 恒成立.(9分)………………………………………………令u (x )=t +1t≥2,当且仅当t =1时等号成立,即u (x )m i n =2,∴m ∈(-∞,2)为所求.(12分)…………………………………………………………………………………19.解:(1)由a n =3a n -1+3n 得a n 3n =a n -13n -1+1,即a n 3n -a n -13n -1=1,(2分)……………………………………………∴{a n 3n }是以2为首项,1为公差的等差数列,(4分)……………………………………………………………∴a n =(n +1)㊃3n (n ∈N *).(6分)………………………………………………………………………………(2)∵b n =n ㊃3n ,(7分)……………………………………………………………………………………………S n =1×31+2×32+3×33+ +n ㊃3n . ①3S n =1×32+2×33+3×34+ +n ㊃3n +1. ②(8分)………………………………………………………①-②得:-2S n =3+32+ +3n -n ㊃3n +1=3(3n -1)3-1-n ㊃3n +1.(10分)…………………………………∴S n =n 2㊃3n +1-3n +14+34=(2n -1)4㊃3n +1+34.(12分)…………………………………………………20.解:(1)∵函数y =f (x )的解析式为f (x )=42c o s (π6x -π3),∴S =∫5042c o s (π6x -π3)d x =42×6πs i n (π6x -π3)|50=242π[s i n (5π6-π3)-s i n (-π3)]=242+126π.(6分)………………………………………………(2)由题意S (2,42),P (8,0),从而|S P |=(2-8)2+(42)2=217.(8分)…………………………解法一:在△S M P 中,由余弦定理P S 2=S M 2+M P 2-2S M ㊃M P c o s 120°=S M 2+M P 2+S M ㊃M P =(S M+M P )2-S M ㊃M P ≤(S M +M P )2-(S M +M P )24=34(S M +M P )2,(11分)………………………………故S M +M P ≥23P S =4513.当且仅当S M =M P 时等号成立.即设计为S M =M P =2513时,折线段S M P 最长.(13分)……………………………………………………解法二:在△S M P 中∠S M P =120°,S P =217,设∠S P M =θ,由正弦定理S P s i n 120°=S M s i n θ=M P s i n (60°-θ)=21732=4513,∴S M =4513s i n θ,M P =4513s i n (60°-θ),S M +M P =4513s i n θ+4513s i n (60°-θ)=4513(12s i n θ+32c o s θ)=4513s i n (θ+60°).当θ+60°=90°即θ=30°时,折线段S M P 最长.即设计∠S P M =30°折线段S M P 最长.(13分)…………………………………………………………………21.解:(1)∵f (x )=m x x 2+n ,∴f '(x )=m n -m x 2(x 2+n )2.(2分)…………………………………………………………由已知得f (1)=2f '(1){=0⇒m =4n {=1或m =0n {=-1(舍去),(4分)…………………………………………………………∴f (x )=4x x 2+1.(5分)……………………………………………………………………………………………(2)f '(x )=-4(x +1)(x -1)(x 2+1)2,令f '(x )=0,有x =±1.x(-∞,-1)-1(-1,1)1(1,+∞)f'(x )-0+0-f (x )↘极小值↗极大值↘又∵当x >0,f (x )>0,当x <0时,f (x )<0,∴f (x )m a x =2,f (x )m i n =-2.(9分)……………………………………………………………………………∵对于∀x 1∈R ,总∃x 2∈[-1,1]使g (x 2)≤f (x 1),∴当x ∈[-1,1]时,g (x )的最小值不大于-2.(10分)………………………………………………………又g (x )=(x -a )2+a -a 2,1° 当a ≤-1时,g (x )m i n =g (-1)=1+3a ≤-2,a ≤-1,符合题意;2° 当-1<a <1时,g (x )m i n =g (a )=a -a 2≤-2,a ≤-1或a ≥2,不符合题意舍去;3° 当a ≥1时,g (x )m i n =g (1)=1-a ≤-2,a ≥3,符合题意.综上所述a ∈(-∞,-1]∪[3,+∞).(13分)…………………………………………………………………22.解:(1)∵S n =n a n +2-n (n -1)2(n ≥2), ①∴S n -1=(n -1)a n -1+2-(n -1)(n -2)2(n ≥3), ②①-②得:a n =n a n -(n -1)a n -1-n -12×2.(2分)……………………………………………………………∴a n -a n -1=1(n ≥3,n ∈N *).∵a 1+a 2=2a 2+2-1,∴a 2=3,∴a n =4(n =1)n +1(n ≥2,n ∈N *{).(4分)…………………………………………(2)(ⅰ)1° 当n =2时,b 2=b 21-b 1-2=10>3=a 2,不等式成立.(5分)……………………………………2° 假设n =k (k ≥2,k ∈N *)时,b k ≥k +1,那么当n =k +1时,b k +1=b 2k -(k -1)b k -2=b k [b k -(k -1)]-2≥2b k -2≥2(k +1)-2=2k ≥k +2,∴当n =k +1时,不等式也成立.综合1°,2°可知:当n ≥2时,b n ≥a n .(8分)………………………………………………………………………(ⅱ)设f (x )=l n (1+x )-x (x >0),则f '(x )=11+x -1=-x 1+x <0,∴f (x )在(0,+∞)上单调递减,∴f (x )<f (0)=0即l n (1+x )<x .(10分)…………………………………∵当n ≥2,n ∈N *时,1b n ≤1a n =1n +1,∴l n (1+1b n b n +1)<1(n +1)(n +2)=1n +1-1n +2,∴l n (1+1b 2b 3)+l n (1+1b 3b 4)+ +l n (1+1b n b n +1)<13-14+ +1n +1-1n +2=13-1n +2<13,∴(1+1b 2b 3)(1+1b 3b 4) (1+1b n b n +1)<3e .(13分)……………………………………………………………。
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湖南长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(四) 湖南长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(四)拈花微笑长沙市一中2012届高三月考试卷(四)语文本试题卷共7道大题，21道小题，共8页。
时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、语言文字运用(12分，每小题3分)1．下列词语中加点的字，注音全部正确的一组是（）A．彷徨(hung)坍塌(tn)佣金(yng)专横跋扈(hng )B．惩创(chung)婆娑(su)窒息(zh)剜肉补疮(wn )C．晕车(yn)驯鸽(xn)蜕变(tu)涸辙之鱼(h )D．蜂窠(k)胡诌(zhu)怔住(zhng)半身不遂(su )1．C(A．佣yng金B．惩创chung D．半身不遂su )2．下列句子中加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）A．在法国，中国图书的翻译、出版和销售近年来已经朝着多样化和深入化方向发展，但中国图书要想真正在法国主流市场占据一席之地，还需要做很多工作。
B．随着二十国集团(G20)峰会的一次次召开，中国国家主席胡锦涛似乎日益自信，在应对国际大冲突时越来越胸有成竹。
C．在墨西哥，喜爱中国文化、想来中国工作和学习的人越来越多，和世界各地的汉语热一样，在墨西哥，汉语教学此起彼伏。
D．在中国国内，京剧日益远离年轻人，但是在日本，记者观看的几次京剧演出，几乎都是座无虚席，观众非常喜欢，甚至达到如痴如醉的程度。
2．C(此起彼伏：这里起来，那里落下，形容接连不断地发生。
应改为“方兴未艾”，它的意思是：正在兴起发展，一时不会终止，形容事物正处在蓬勃发展的阶段。
) 3．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）A．俄罗斯一枚携带12吨有毒燃料的航天器在前往火星途中发生故障，意外滞留在环绕地球的轨道上。
如果技术人员无法使其进人正确的轨道，它可能在一两个星期后坠落到地球上。
B．中国太空船神州八号于2011年11月2日5时58分07秒从酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，在两天内与9月底发射的天宫一号在外太空对接，是中国太空史上的首次太空对接任务。
C．与凤凰书店相比，友丰书店的书籍种类不仅丰富，而且内容更加深入中国文化。
友丰书店的创始人是柬埔寨华侨潘立辉先生。
D．随着中国移民不断增加，中餐馆在美国遍地开花，无论是美国大城市和边远小镇，都能找到地道的中餐馆。
3．A(B．成分残缺。
在“是中国太空史上的首次太空对接任务”前加主语“这”。
C．语序不当。
“友丰书店的书籍种类不仅丰富”应为“友丰书店的书籍不仅种类丰富”。
D．关联词语搭配不当。
改“和”为“还是”。
)4．为了使表达简明、准确，下列加点的词必须删除的一项是（）在拉丁美洲地区，塞万提斯国际艺术节享有极高的知名度和很大的影响力。
每年秋季，来自几十个国家的数千名艺术家都齐聚墨西哥历史文化名城瓜纳华托，进行演出、展示和交流。
同时，来自世界各地的艺术爱好者也蜂拥而至，将艺术节变成了狂欢节。
如今，塞万提斯国际艺术节已经成为了世界上最重要的艺术节之一。
A．B．C．D．4．D(“都”和“齐”重复，“了”和“已经”重复。
)二、文言文阅读(23分。
其中选择题9分。
每小题3分，简答题4分，翻译题10分)陈仲鸾同年之父母七十寿序(清)曾国藩天之生贤人也，大抵以刚直葆其本真，其回枉柔靡者，常滑其自然之性，而无以全其纯固之天。
即幸而苟延，精理已销，恒干仅存，君子谓之免焉而已。
国藩尝采辑国朝诸儒言行本末，若孙夏峰、顾亭林、黄梨洲、王而农、梅勿庵之徒，皆硕德贞隐，年登耄耋，而皆秉刚直之性，寸衷之所执，万夫非之而不可动，三光晦、五岳震而不可夺。
故常全其至健之质，跻之大寿而神不衰。
不似世俗孱懦竖子，依违濡忍，偷为一切，不可久长者也。
上天造就贤人，大都赋以刚直性格来保持他们的真纯本质，那些柔曲软弱的人，往往乱了自己的天性，而无法保全纯真敦厚的本质。
即使侥幸苟且地延长了生命，精神也已经消亡，只留下躯体，正是孔子所说的活在世上幸免于祸害罢了。
我曾经搜集了本朝众多学者的言行事迹，像孙夏峰、顾亭林、黄梨洲、王而农、梅勿庵这样的人，都是道德伟大的忠贞隐士，年寿高达七八十岁，而且都具有刚直的性格，寸心所坚持的主张和意志，一万个人反对也不可动摇，日月星辰无光、五岳震撼也不可使他们改变。
所以他们能长久地保全自己极强健的体质，跻身于长寿之列而精神不衰退。
不像世俗中的怯弱小人，犹豫无主见，忍气吞声，苟且对待一切事物，不能长久于世。
同年生陈君仲鸾与余交十余年，每相与议论平生，慷慨不挠。
或品第当世人伦，意所不可，睥睨讥切，无所复忌。
同人或谓仲鸾居吏部曹司，身处卑冗，更事未深，管其嚣嚣不绌（注）；若移置要地，稍稍练习文法，亦且破觚而为圆矣。
既而仲鸾果以考第入直军机，而戆直发愤，芒角森然，曾不减其曩者之旧。
吾乃私怪生民刚直之性，其禀之有厚有薄，未可以一概度量也。
同年陈仲鸾君和我相交十多年，平日每当交谈议论时，他总是意气激昂不肯屈服。
有时品评当今人物的优劣，他如果对谁不满意，便鄙夷地讽刺责备，毫无顾忌。
共事的人有的说，仲鸾在吏部营司一级任职，身分低微又职位次要，阅历不深，难怪他傲岸不屈。
如果把他调到重要位置上，稍微学习舒缓纡徐的文辞方法，也就会削去棱角变得圆滑了。
不久仲鸾果然凭考核的等级供职军机处，但他的耿直激愤、锋芒凛然，竞丝毫不比过去减少。
我这才暗地里感到奇怪，人的刚直性格。
天生禀受有强有弱，不可以用同一种标准衡量呀。
间辄与仲鸾语家世之计，及太公、太母之行。
仲鸾为余言封翁荫召先生，生而伉爽，屡经艰险，履之如夷。
遇人有心所不许，虽豪贵人必唾弃之。
即心之所许，虽孤嫠卑贱，必引而翼之，愈穷厄，愈礼敬与钧。
自亲族州闾，皆服其诚信，远近纷难，就之决遣，凡所论断，久而辄应。
封母高太恭人，祗顺惇笃，尊尚节义，盖皆有刚直之风。
然后知仲鸾之激烈不阿，虽受性独厚，亦其禀之庭闱者。
岁渐月染，涵濡之久而不自知也。
人固视乎所习朝有媕婀之老则群下相习于诡随家有骨鲠之长则子弟相习于矩矱倡而为风效而成俗匪一身之为利害也。
我闲暇时常和仲鸾谈到他的家世详情，以及他父母的品行。
仲鸾向我说，封翁荫召先生生来刚强豪爽，多次经历人生艰难，他就像走过平地一样。
碰上有自己看不惯的人，哪怕是豪门权贵也必然鄙弃。
倘若是心中称许的人，即使是孤儿寡妇、地位卑贱的人，他也一定会援助和保护他们，越是穷困的人，先生越是恭敬有礼，一视同仁。
从亲戚到乡邻，都佩服他的诚实讲信用，远近的人们有纠纷或疑难，都找他排解决断，凡是他预言判断的事，久了都会应验。
封母高太恭人，性格恭顺淳厚，崇尚节操礼义，二位老人都有刚直的精神。
我这才明白，仲鸾激昂刚烈、不屈从迎和的品格，虽然是得天独厚的禀性，也是从父母那里继承的。
日积月累地受到影响，濡染久了，自己并不觉得。
人的成长本来决定于他所熟习的环境，朝廷有曲意顺从的老臣，那么众多下僚就会彼此习惯于见风使舵。
家庭里有耿直刚正的长辈，那么子弟们就习惯于循规守法。
有人倡导便造成风气，大家仿效便形成习俗，这不是哪一个人能决定利弊的。
今年八月，为先生暨太宜人七十生日，年家之子，同官之良，成称觞仲鸾之邸第，作为诗篇，以祝难老。
属国藩为之序，余乃略述平昔与仲鸾言论大指，以著先生之节概，因推国初诸儒以刚直而享大年者，为先生致善祷之谊，亦使世之君子，闻之而有所警焉。
今年八月，是先生和太宜人的七十岁生日，同年家的晚辈，同事中的好友，全都在仲鸾的宅第举酒祝贺，写下诗篇，祝福长寿。
大家嘱托我为二老写寿序，我便简略叙述平日与仲鸾谈论的内容大意，以彰显先生的节操气概，因此推许了本朝初年学者中因刚直而享有高寿的人，向先生致以美好的祝愿。
也使世上君子，听了我的话而有所警悟。
【注】嚣嚣(o)：自得傲慢貌。
绌(ch)：屈。
5．对下列句子中加点词解释不正确的一项是（）A．大抵以刚直葆其本真葆：保持B．三光晦、五岳震而不可夺夺：强取，剥夺C．属国藩为之序属：通“嘱”，委托，交付D．以著先生之节概著：彰显5．B(夺：使改变。
)6．下列句子中加点词的意义和用法都相同的一项是（）A．天之生贤人也，大抵以刚直葆其本真师道之不传也久矣B．而无以全其纯固之天句读之不知，惑之不解C．若移置要地，稍稍练习文法若属皆且为所虏D．仲鸾为余言封翁荫召先生君为我呼入，吾得兄事之6．A(都是句中助词，舒缓语气，不译。
B．之：结构助词，的；助词，宾语前置的标志。
C．若：连词，表假设，如果；代词，你(们)。
D．为：介词，对，向；介词，替，给。
) 7．下列用“／”给文中画波浪线的部分断句，正确的一项是（）A．人固视乎／所习朝有媕婀之老／则群下相习／于诡随家有骨鲠之长／则子弟相习／于矩矱倡而为风／效而成俗／匪一身之为利害也。
B．人固视乎／所习朝有媕婀之老／则群下相习于诡随／家有骨鲠之长／则子弟相习于矩矱／倡而为风／效而成俗／匪一身之为利害也。
C人固视乎所习／朝有媕婀之老／则群下相习于诡随／家有骨鲠之长／则子弟相习于矩矱／倡而为风／效而成俗／匪一身之为利害也。
D．人固视乎所习／朝有媕婀之老则群下／相习于诡随／家有骨鲠之长则子弟／相习于矩矱／倡而为风／效而成俗／匪一身之为利害也。
7．C(根据句法结构和对举句式可得知。
)8．为朋友的父母作寿序，却从朋友的品质下笔，请谈谈这样写的作用。
(4分)答：8．先写朋友刚正不阿，并且指出这种品质是继承于其父母，从而衬托了其父母的刚正耿直(2分)；呼应了第一段“秉刚直之性”者能强健长寿而“神不衰”，实现祝寿的目的(1分)，并为下文议论环境的重要作用张本(1分)。
9．把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)故常全其至健之质，跻之大寿而神不衰。
(3分)译文：(2)吾乃私怪生民刚直之性，其禀之有厚有薄，未可以一概度量也。
(4分)译文：(3)即心之所许，虽孤嫠卑贱，必引而翼之。
(3分)译文：9．(1)所以他们能长久地保全自己极强健的体质，跻身于长寿之列而精神不衰退。
(计分点：“全”“至健之质“衰”)(2)我这才暗地里感到奇怪，人的刚直性格，天生禀受有强有弱，不可以用同一种标准衡量呀。
(计分点：“乃”“私”“一概”“度量”)(3)倘若是心中称许的人，即使是孤儿寡妇、地位卑贱的人，他也一定会援助和保护他们。
(计分点：“即”“虽”“翼”)三、古代诗歌鉴赏和古诗文默写(12分)10．阅读下面两首词，回答(1)(2)题。
(7分)卜算子·黄州定慧院离居作苏轼缺月挂疏桐，漏断人初静。
时见幽人独往来，缥缈孤鸿影。
惊起却回头，有恨无人省。
拣尽寒枝不肯栖，寂寞沙洲冷。
卜算子蒋冕斜日坠荒山，云黑天垂暮。
时见空中一雁来，冷入残芦去。
惊起却低飞，有意同谁语。
啄尽枝头数点霜，还向空中举。
【注】这首词是1082年12月，苏轼在黄州贬所所作。
蒋冕：明世宗时大臣，为人刚正却遭邪恶势力忌恨和排挤。
(1)两首词都刻画了鸿雁这一形象，请结合诗歌内容分析其形象特点的异同。
(4分)答：(2)两首词中都用到了“冷”字，请任选其中一个进行赏析。