Pulitzer Foundation for the Art
英语戏剧自我介绍
My name is [Your Name], and I have been captivated by the enchanting world of theatre since my early childhood. Born into a family of avid bibliophiles and music lovers, I was exposed to a rich tapestry of literary classics and operatic masterpieces, which ignited within me an insatiable thirst for creative expression. It was during one fateful performance of Shakespeare's "Macbeth" at our local repertory theatre that I first felt the electric thrill of live drama, sensing the palpable energy coursing through the auditorium, and knew then that I had found my calling. Thus began my lifelong odyssey in pursuit of mastering the art of English theatre.Education played a pivotal role in shaping my understanding and appreciation of the intricate nuances of dramatic literature. I earned my Bachelor's degree in Drama and Theatre Studies from [University Name], where I was privileged to study under some of the most erudite scholars and seasoned practitioners in the field. The rigorous curriculum, encompassing acting techniques, textual analysis, stagecraft, and the historical evolution of English drama, provided me with a solid foundation upon which I could build my artistic identity. Concurrently, my active participation in numerous college productions, ranging from Restoration comedies to contemporary plays, allowed me to hone my skills and experiment with diverse characters and genres.Beyond the confines of academia, I have sought out diverse opportunities to enrich my theatrical experience and broaden my artistic horizons. I have trained intensively at prestigious institutions such as [Theatre School/Workshop Name], where I immersed myself in intensive workshops on Meisner technique, Laban movement analysis, and voice training, all of which have contributed to the refinement of my instrument as an actor. Moreover, I have embraced the vibrant fringe theatre scene, collaborating with innovative directors and playwrights on experimental works that challenge conventional theatrical norms and push the boundaries of storytelling.In terms of professional experience, I have garnered a diverse portfolioversatility. From portraying the brooding, morally ambiguous Prince Hal in "Henry IV, Part 1" at the [Theatre Company Name] to bringing to life the complex, emotionally vulnerable Catherine in David Auburn's Pulitzer Prize-winning "Proof" at the [Festival Name], I have consistently strived to imbue my characters with depth, authenticity, and humanity. These experiences have taught me the importance of empathy, research, and thorough character work in crafting compelling performances that resonate with audiences long after the curtain falls.Central to my artistic philosophy is the belief that theatre is a powerful tool for social commentary, personal reflection, and communal healing. I am drawn to roles and projects that tackle pressing societal issues, challenge stereotypes, and stimulate meaningful dialogue. For instance, my portrayal of a transgender woman struggling for acceptance in [Playwright Name]'s "Transitions" not only deepened my understanding of the LGBTQ+ experience but also served as a catalyst for audience members to engage in heartfelt conversations about gender identity and inclusivity. Similarly, my involvement in site-specific, community-based productions, like an adaptation of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" set in a local park, has reinforced my conviction in theatre's ability to break down barriers, foster connections, and invigorate public spaces.Looking ahead, I aspire to continue expanding my repertoire, embracing new challenges, and contributing to the vibrant tapestry of English drama. I am particularly keen on exploring the intersection of technology and theatre, whether it be through immersive, interactive performances or digital platforms that democratize access to the arts. Furthermore, I aspire to nurture the next generation of theatre artists by teaching acting workshops, mentoring aspiring performers, and advocating for increased arts education in schools.In conclusion, I am an actor deeply committed to the exploration, preservation, and advancement of English drama. My journey thus far has beenthe lives of those whom my work has touched. As I stand before you today, I am filled with gratitude for the myriad experiences and collaborations that have shaped me, and I eagerly anticipate the future chapters yet to be written in this endlessly fascinating, ever-evolving story we call theatre. Thank you for your attention, and may our shared passion for this transcendent art form continue to illuminate the path ahead.。
普利策基金会美术馆
普利策基金会美术馆
建筑的 结构形式
建筑 空间布局 特点
空间与功能
安藤说, 这个建筑是一个不让步 的方盒子。在这里, 一开始安藤就知道 会放置什么艺术作品，因此他可以预想 到空间的感觉会是怎么样的。但建筑不 会允许它本身被强迫来做任何的事情。 于是建筑与艺术两者没有丝毫妥协，却 能使彼此更完善。 从展厅走下去， 可以 看到Ellsworth Kelly的雕塑作品“Blue Black” ， 这是用两块绘画过的金属矩形板组成 的简单雕塑。 安藤忠雄希望它能给大楼 带来一些意想不到的反差。 基金会还有一处雕塑作品是Richard Serra的“Jore”， 用来纪念约瑟夫· 普利策 。 这两个作品使得安藤忠雄的设计有机 地融合了建筑和艺术的美感。
安藤忠雄建筑研究所 美国密苏里州圣·路易斯 1040m2
总建筑面积： 2380m2 基地面积： 层数： 施工时间： 3920m2 地下1层 地上2层 1997年11月—2001年7月
建筑的 形体特征
普利策基金会美术馆
建筑师 背景 建筑的 近况 建筑与 场所
平面分析 和 功能组织
建筑的 形体特征
普利策基金会美术馆建筑位于美国中部的圣路 易斯。在那里，市中心因多年的郊区开发而受到严重 破坏。此建筑就位于建筑中的文化中心一隅 。 普利策先生和夫人他们希望这个博物馆能够成 为这个区的文化中心。 根据周围的环境和项目要求，安藤设计了这个 类似于住宅尺度的博物馆，内部包括所有现代艺术展 示设施。 当地媒体评论:它为古老的圣路易斯的城市风貌 带来了鲜活的气息。 普利策基金会美术馆的外部空间，如水庭、屋 顶花园和各种阶梯式地面与内部展示空间的相连，所 有这些空间都是可以用于现代艺术作品展示的。内外 的连续性将活跃的自然光引入展室，表达着时间的流 逝和季节的更替。
论托尼-莫里森小说叙事艺术——关于《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》和《苏拉》的一种解读
苏州大学硕士学位论文论托尼?莫里森小说叙事艺术－－关于《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》和《苏拉》的一种解读姓名：***申请学位级别：硕士专业：英语语言文学指导教师：***201105摘要托尼·莫里森（１９３１一）是２０世纪最为杰出的非裔美国女作家，因其卓越的创作才华于１９９３年获诺贝尔文学奖，是第一位也是唯一一位获此殊荣的美国黑人女性。
作为一名才华横溢的作家，莫里森是一位叙事艺术的大师。
在其创作的小说中，她总能成功地选择并运用最恰当的写作手法来服务小说的主题。
本论文选择莫里森的三部小说《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》和《苏拉》来研究该作家如何运用不同的叙事技巧来深化小说的主题。
本论文分五章。
第一章简要介绍莫里森生平成就以及其三部作品，即《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》和《苏拉》。
第二章主要分析莫里森在《最蓝的眼睛》中运用的多重叙述声音及人物故事对比等手法，说明小说家如何通过特定的叙事手法表明审美标准本应是多元的一少部分黑人内化白人标准是极其有害的。
第三章讨论莫里森在《宠儿》中运用的哥特式叙事以及内心独白等手法，说明小说如何运用这些手法揭示黑人在惨绝人寰的奴隶制下扭曲的心灵，并且指出只有当黑人相互袒露心灵才能治愈伤害。
第四章讨论小说《秀拉》中运用环形叙述和反讽等手法，说明小说家如何运用这些手法叙述一个叛逆的黑人女性成为黑人社区不可或缺的关键人物的故事。
最后一章为结论，对以上章节所讨论的写作手法进行总结，说明在莫里森自己的小说中总能通过将叙述手法与小说主题有机结合起来，使叙事艺术很好地服务于小说的主题。
关键词：托尼·莫罩森，《最蓝的眼睛》，《宠儿》，《苏拉》，叙事艺术。
叙事策略ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ（１９３１－）ｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔａｎｄｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌＡｆｒｉｃａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｗｏｍａｎｗｒｉｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅ２０ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．ＳｈｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｔｈｅＮｏｂｅｌＰｒｉｚｅｆｏｒｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｎ１９９３ｆｏｒｈｅｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ，ａｎｄｈａｓｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔａｎｄｏｎｌｙＡｆｒｉｃａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｗｏｍａｎｔｏｗｉｎｔｈｉｓａｗａｒｄ．Ａｓａｇｉｆｔｅｄｗｆｉｔｅｒ’Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｉｓａｍａｓｔｅｒｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｒｔｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｎｈｅｒｎｏｖｅｌｓ，ｓｈｅｕｎｆａｉｌｉｎｇｌｙｅｍｐｌｏｙｓｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｔｈａｔｂｅｓｔｓｅｒｖｅｈｅｒｍｅｓｓａｇｅ．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｔｈｅｓｉｓ，Ｉｔａｋｅａｌｏｏｋａｔｔｈｒｅｅｏｆｈｅｒｎｏｖｅｌｓ，ｎａｍｅｌｙ，ＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔｅｙｅ，ＢｅｌｏｖｅｄａｎｄＳｕｌａ，ａｎｄｅｘａｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｗａｙｉｎｗｈｉｃｈＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎＵＳｅＳｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｄｅｖｉｃｅｓｔｏｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｅｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅｒｔｈｅｍｅｓ．Ｔｈｉｓｔｈｅｓｉｓｉｓｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｆｉｖｅｃｈａｐｔｅｒｓ．ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＯｎｅｉｓｔｈｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓａｂｒｉｅｆｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’Ｓｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｃａｒｅｅｒａｎｄｈｅｒｔｈｒｅｅｂｏｏｋｓ，ＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔｅｙｅ，ＳｕｌａａｎｄＢｅｌｏｖｅｄ．ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＴｗｏａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｔｗｏｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｕｓｅｄｉｎＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔｅｙｅ．Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｉｎｇｌｉｆｅｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｖｅｌ．Ｂｙｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ，Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈｅｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｏｆｂｅａｕｔｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｅｏｐｌｅ’Ｓｅｙｅｓ．Ｉｔｉｓｈａｒｍｆｕｌｆｏｒｂｌａｃｋｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｉｚｅｗｈｉｔｅｂｅａｕｔｙａｓｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ．ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＴｈｒｅｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｓｔｈｅｔｗｏｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｉｎＢｅｌｏｖｅｄ．ＢｙｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｈｅＧｏｔｈｉｃｍｏｄｅｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｍｏｎｏｌｏｇｕｅ，Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｓｈｏｗｓｒｅａｄｅｒｓｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｅｄｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｔｒａｕｍａｔｉｚｅｄｈｅａｒｔｓｏｆｂｌａｃｋｐｅｏｐｌｅｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｂｙｓｌａｖｅｒｙ．ＡｎｄＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎａｌｓｏｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｏｎｌｙｗｈｅｎｂｌａｃｋｐｅｏｐｌｅｏｐｅｎｔｈｅｉｒｈｅａｒｔｓｔｏｅａｃｈｏｔｈｅｒＣａｎｔｈｅｙｆｉｎｄｔｒｕｅｌｏｖｅａｎｄｈａｖｅｔｈｅｉｒｓｐｉｒｉｔ＂ｓａｖｅｄ．ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＦｏｕｒｇｉｖｅｓａｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｔｈｅｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄｉｎＳｕｌａ，ｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｅｄａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｒｏｎｙ．Ｂｙｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ，ＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｓｈｏｗｓＵＳｔｈａｔａｒｅｂｅｌｌｉｏｕｓｂｌａｃｋｗｏｍａｎｃａｎｂｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｖｅｔｏｈｅｒｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｔｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｉｍｅｓ．Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｉｒｏｎｙ，Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎａｌｓｏｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｓｔｈｅｔｈｅｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｖｅｌ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓ：ａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｓｃａｌｌｂｅｄｅｃｅｐｔｉｖｅ．ＴｈｅｌａｓｔｃｈａｐｔｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｗｈｉｃｈＩｃｏｎｔｅｎｄＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｉｓａｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅａｒｔｉｓｔｗｈｏｓｅｎｏｖｅｌｓｓｔａｎｄｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｌｙａｓａｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ．ＡｎｄＩｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｉｌｌｈｅｌｐｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｏｄｅｅｐｅｎｏｕｒｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇａｎｄａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’Ｓｆｉｃｔｉｏｎ，ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｔｏｓｕｇｇｅｓｔａｎｅｗｗａｙｏｆｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｈｅｒｎｏｖｅｌｓ．Ｗｏｒｄｓ：ＴｏｌｌｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ，ＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔｅｙｅ，Ｂｅｌｏｖｅｄ，Ｓｕｌａ，ａｒｔｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｏｎ，ｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅＫｅｙｓｔｒａｔｉｇｉｅｓＡｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｍｅｎｔｓＩｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｆｏｒｍｅｔｏｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｍｙｓｔｕｄｙａｓａｎＭＡｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅａｔＳｏｏｃｈｏｗＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｈｅｌｐｏｆｍａｎｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ．ＷａｎｇＬａｂａｏ，ｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔＡｍｏｎｇｔｈｏｓｅｐｅｏｐｌｅ，ｍｙｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｏｒ，Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｏｎｅ．Ｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｍｅｎｔｈａｓｎｏｕｒｉｓｈｅｄｍｅｉｎｍｙｓｔｕｄｙ．Ｈｉｓｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｃｈｓｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｈａｖｅｈｏｎｅｄｍｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｋｉｌｌｓ·Ａｓａｓｔｒｉｃｔｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｒａｎｄｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｓｃｈｏｌａｒ，ｈｅｈａｓｓｅｔａｇｏｏｄｅｘａｍｐｌｅｆｏｒｍｅａｎｄｔａｕｇｈｔｍｅｔｈｉｎｇｓｎｏｔｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｏｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｎｌｙ．１ｗｉｓｈｔｏｅｘｔｅｎｄｍｙｓｉｎｃｅｒｅｔｈａｎｋｓｔｏｈｉｍｆｏｒａｌｌｔｈａｔｈｅｈａｓｄｏｎｅｆｏｒｍｅ．ＭｙｇｒａｔｉｔｕｄｅａｌｓｏｇｏｅｓｔＯＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＺｈｕＸｉｎｆｕ，ＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＸｕＱｉｎｇｇｅｎａｎｄＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｍｅｗｉｔｈａｃｌｅａｒａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃＨｏｎｇＱｉｎｇｆｕｗｈｏｈａｖｅｈｅｌｐｅｄｂｙｅｑｕｉｐｐｉｎｇｉｔｉｓｔｏｓｔｕｄｙＥｎｇｌｉｓｈａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．ＰｒｅｃｉｏｕｓａｄｖｉｃｅｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｗｈａｔｆｒｏｍＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＺｈｕＸｉｎｇｆｕｉｎｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｈａｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄｍｅｉｍｍｅａｓｕｒａｂｌｙ．ＡｎｄＩａｍｍｅｓｏｍｕｃｈｇｒａｔｅｆｕｌｔｏＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＳｏｎｇＹａｎｆａｎｇｗｈｏｓｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ－ｐｒｏｖｏｋｉｎｇｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓｔａｕｇｈｔａｂｏｕｔｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｔｈｅｏｒｙ．Ｔｈｅｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｍｏｒｅｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｉｎｇｈａｄｉｔｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｕｎｆａｉｌｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍｙｇｏｏｄｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ．ＡｎｄＩａｌｓｏｗｉｓｈｔｏｔｈａｎｋｍｙｆａｍｉｌｙｆｏｒｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇａｎｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｔｈｅｉｒｕｎｓｗｅｒｖｉｎｇｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅｉｎｍｅａｎｄｕｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｏｖｅ．ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＯｎｅＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｌｏｅＡｎｔｈｏｎｙＷｏｆｆｏｒｄ，ｌａｔｅｒｋｎｏｗｎａｓＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ，ｗａｓｂｏｒｎｉｎＬｏｒａｉｎ，Ｏｈｉｏ，ｏｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙ１８，１９３１．Ｓｈｅｗａｓｔｈｅｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒｏｆａｓｈｉｐｙａｒｄｗｅｌｄｅｒａｎｄａｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓｗｏｍａｎｗｈｏｓａｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｃｈｕｒｃｈｃｈｏｋ．ＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｈａｄａｓｉｓｔｅｒＬｏｉｓａｎｄｔｗｏｙｏｕｎｇｅｒｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｓ，ＧｅｏｒｇｅａｎｄＲａｙｍｏｎｄ．ＨｅｒｐａｒｅｎｔｓｈａｄｍｏｖｅｄｔｏＯｈｉｏｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈ，ｈｏｐｉｎｇｔｏｒａｉｓｅｔｈｅｉｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｉｎａｌｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｆｒｉｅｎｄｌｉｅｒｔｏｂｌａｃｋｓ．ＤｅｓｐｉｔｅｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｔｏｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈ，ｔｈｅＷｏｆｆｏｒｄｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｗａｓｓｔｅｅｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒａｌｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｆｒｉｃａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｎｄｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｏｆＣｈｌｏｅＷｏｆｆｏｒｄ’Ｓｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄｕｎｄｏｕｂｔｅｄｌｙｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｓｏｎｇｓｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｈｅｒｌａｔｅｒｗｏｒｋ；ｉｎｄｅｅｄ，ＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’ＳｏｅｕｖｒｅｄｒａｗｓｈｅａｖｉｌｙｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｏｒａｌａｒｔｆｏｒｍｓｏｆＡｆｒｉｃａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ．ＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’Ｓｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｉｓｎｏｔａｕｔｏｂｉｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ，ｓｈｅｆｏｎｄｌｙａｌｌｕｄｅｓｔｏｈｅｒｐａｓｔ，”Ｍｙｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｓａｒｅａｌｗａｙｓｔｈｅｒｅ…Ｎｏｍａｔｔｅｒｗｈａｔ１ｗｒｉｔｅ，Ｉｂｅｇｉｎｔｈｅｒｅ…．Ｉｔ’Ｓｔｈｅｍａｔｒｉｘｆｏｒｍｅ…．Ｏｈｉｏａｌｓｏｏｆｆｅｒｓａｎｅｓｃａｐｅｆｒｏｍｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅｄｂｌａｃｋｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｓ．Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｉｔｈｅｒｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｎｏｒｇｈｅｔｔｏ．＂（Ｗａｔｋｉｎｓ，１９９４：２０）ＴｏｎｉＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’Ｓｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｗａｓａｌｓｏｇｒｅａｔｌｙｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙｈｅｒｆａｍｉｌｙ．ＨｅｒｇｒａｎｄｐａｒｅｎｔｓｈａｄｒｅｌｏｃａｔｅｄｔｏＯｈｉｏｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｂｌａｃｋｓｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈｋｎｏｗｎａｓｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＭｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ｈｅｒｍｏｔｈｅｒ’Ｓｐａｒｅｎｔｓ，ＡｒｅｄｅｌｉａａｎｄＪｏｈｎＳｏｌｏｍｏｎＷｉｌｌｉｓ，ａｆｔｅｒｌｅａｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｆａｒｍｉｎＡｌａｂａｍａ，ｍｏｖｅｄｔｏＫｅｎｔｕｃｋｙ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｏＯｈｉｏ．Ｔｈｅｙｐｌａｃｅｄｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｖａｌｕｅｉｎｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎａｎｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ．ＪｏｈｎＷｉｌｌｉｓｍｕｇｈｔｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｔｏｒｅａｄａｎｄｈｉｓｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｂｅｃａｍｅｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ’Ｓ跖愕ｏｆＳｏｌｏｍａｎ（１９７７）．ＣｈｌｏｅＷｏｆｆｏｒｄｗａｓａｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｇｉｆｔｅｄｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ，ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｔｏｒｅａｄａｔａｌｌｅａｒｌｙａｇｅａｎｄｄｏｉｎｇｗｅｌｌａｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄｉｅｓａｔａｎｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｓｃｈ００１．Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ，ｗｈｏａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄＨａｗｔｈｏｒｎｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙＳｃｈｏｏｌ，ｗａｓｔｈｅｏｎｌｙＡｆｒｉｃａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｈｅｒ１ｓｔｇｒａｄｅｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ．Ｓｈｅｗａｓａｌｓｏｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｗｈｏｂｅｇａｎｓｃｈｏｏｌｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｒｅａｄ．ＢｅｃａｕｓｅｓｈｅｗａｓＳＯａｓｋｅｄｔｏｈｅｌｐｏｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｌｅａｒｎｔｏｒｅａｄ．Ｓｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｗｏｒｋｅｄｓｋｉｌｌｅｄ，ｓｈｅｗａｓｏｆｔｅｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｏｆｎｅｗｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓｔｏＡｍｅｒｉｃａ．１ＣｈｌｏｅＷｏｆｆｏｒｄ’Ｓｐａｒｅｎｔｓ’ｄｅｓｉｒｅｔＯｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｉｒｃｈｉｌｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒａｃｉｓｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｍａｎｙｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓ：ｒａｃｉａｌｐｒｅｊｕｄｉｃｅｗａｓｌｅｓｓｏｆａｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎＬｏｒａｉｎ，Ｏｈｉｏ，ｔｈａｎｉｔｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈ，ａｎｄＣｈｌｏｅＷｏｆｆｏｒｄｐｌａｙｅｄｗｉｔｈａｒａｃｉａｌｌｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｗｈｅｎｓｈｅｗａｓｙｏｕｎｇ．Ｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｓｈｅｂｅｇａｎｔｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｒａｃｉａｌｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎａｓｓｈｅａｎｄｈｅｒｐｅｅｒｓｇｒｅｗｏｌｄｅｒ．Ｓｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｈｏｎｏｒｓｉｎ１９４９ａｎｄｗｅｎｔｔｏＨｏｗａｒｄＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎＤ．Ｃ．ＡｔＨｏｗａｒｄ，ｓｈｅｍａｊｏｒｅｄｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈａｎｄｍｉｎｏｒｅｄｉｎｃｌａｓｓｉｃｓ，ａｎｄｗａｓａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅａｔｅｒａｒｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅＨｏｗａｒｄＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＰｌａｙｅｒｓ．ＳｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍＨｏｗａｒｄｉｎ１９５３ｗｉｔｈａＢ．Ａ．ｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈａｎｄａｎｅｗｎａｍｅ：ＴｏｎｉＷｏｆｆｏｒｄ（Ｔｏｎｉｂｅｉｎｇａｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｅｄｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｈｅｒｍｉｄｄｌｅｎａｍｅ）．ＳｈｅｗｅｎｔｏｎｔｏｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｈｅｒＭ．Ａ．ｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｆｒｏｍＣｏｒｎｅｌｌｉｎ１９５５．ＡｆｔｅｒｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇｆｏｒｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅａｔＴｅｘａｓＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，ｓｈｅｒｅｔｕｒｎｅｄｔｏＨｏｗａｒｄＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｍｅｔＨａｒｏｌｄＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｙｍａｒｒｉｅｄ，ａｎｄｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｖｏｒｃｅｉｎ１９６４，ＴｏｎｉａｎｄＨａｒｏｌｄＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｈａｄｔｗｏｓｏｉｌｓ．Ｉｔｗａｓａｌｓｏｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｔｉｍｅｔｈａｔｓｈｅｗｒｏｔｅｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙｔｈａｔｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｋ：ｏｍｅｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｆｏｒｈｅｒｆｉｒｓｔｎｏｖｅｌ，ＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔｅｙｅ．Ｉｎ１９６４，ｓｈｅｔｏｏｋａｊｏｂｉｎＳｙｒａｃｕｓｅ，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋ，ａｓａｎａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｅｄｉｔｏｒａｔＲａｎｄｏｍＨｏｕｓｅ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｈｅｒａｉｓｅｄｈｅｒｓｏｎｓａｓａｓｉｎｇｌｅｍｏｍ，ａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔＯｗｒｉｔｅｆｉｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｎ１９６７，ｓｈｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄａｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎｔｏｓｅｎｉｏｒｅｄｉｔｏｒａｎｄｇｏｔａｍｕｃｈ－ｄｅｓｉｒｅｄｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｔＯＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＣｉｔｙ．ＴｈｅＢｌｕｅｓｔＥｙｅｗａｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎ１９７０．Ｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｙｏｆａｙｏｕｎｇｇｉｒｌｗｈｏｌｏｓｅｓｈｅｒｍｉｎｄ，ｔｈｅｎｏｖｅｌｗａｓｗｅｌｌｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｂｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｓｂｕｔｆａｉｌｅｄｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｌｙ．Ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ１９７１ａｎｄ１９７２，ＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｗｏｒｋｅｄａｓａｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｆｏｒｔｈｅＳｔａｔｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＮｅｗＹｏｒｋａｔＰｕｒｃｈａｓｅｗｈｉｌｅｈｏｌｄｉｎｇｈｅｒｊｏｂａｔＲａｎｄｏｍＨｏｕｓｅａｎｄｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｏｎＳｕｌａ，ａｎｏｖｅｌａｂｏｕｔａｄｅｆｉａｎｔｗｏｍａｎａｎｄｈｅｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｏｔｈｅｒｂｌａｃｋｆｅｍａｌｅｓ．Ｓｕｌａｗａｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎ１９７３．Ｔｈｅｙｅａｒｓ１９７６ａｎｄ１９７７ｓａｗＭｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｗｏｒｋｉｎｇａｓａｖｉｓｉｔｉｎｇｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｒａｔＹａｌｅａｎｄｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｏｎｈｅｒｎｅｘｔｎｏｖｅｌ，ＳｏｎｇｏｆＳｏｌｏｍｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓｎｅｘｔｎｏｖｅｌｄｅａｌｔｍｏｒｅｆｕｌｌｙｗｉｔｈｂｌａｃｋｍａｌｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓ．ＡｓｗｉｔｈＳｕｌａ，Ｍｏｒｒｉｓｏｎｗｒｏｔｅｔｈｅｎｏｖｅｌｗｈｉｌｅｈｏｌｄｉｎｇａｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ，ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇｈｅｒｗｏｒｋａｓａｎｅｄｉｔｏｒｆｏｒＲａｎｄｏｍＨｏｕｓｅ，ａｎｄｒａｉｓｉｎｇｈｅｒｔｗｏｓｏｎｓ．ＳｏｎｇｏｆＳｏｌｏｍｏｎｗａｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎ１９７７ａｎｄｅｎｊｏｙｅｄｂｏｔｈｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌａｎｄｃｒｉｔｉｃ，．ａｌ。
罗切斯特大学与俄亥俄州立大学哪个好
罗切斯特大学与俄亥俄州立大学哪个好？咨询立思辰留学360。
罗切斯特大学罗切斯特大学（University of Rochester，U of R）是一所美国著名的私立研究型大学，北美大学协会（AAU）成员。
该校的7位学者是美国国家科学院院士，18位学者是美国文理研究院院士；在教师和校友中，该校有8名教授是诺贝尔奖（Nobel Prize）获得者，12名学者获普利策文学奖（Pulitzer Prize）。
罗切斯特大学有6个学院，共开设超过175门学位课程（含学士、硕士和博士3种学位），其中英语、音乐、金融、历史、政治学、心理学、数学、生物医学工程和光学等专业素享盛誉。
其中伊斯曼音乐学院（Eastman School of Music）2014年世界排名第一；2015年金融时报（Financial Times）金融专业全球排名5；华尔街日报将该校西蒙商学院（Simon Business School）列为全美第6佳商学院。
据2014年美国新闻与世界报道（US News & Report）美国大学排名，罗切斯特大学与纽约大学并列全美第32名；2016年US News & Report美国大学排名罗切斯特大学列第33名。
俄亥俄州立大学俄亥俄州立大学（The Ohio State University at Columbus），简称OSU，是一所坐落于美国俄亥俄州首府哥伦布(Columbus)市北部的顶尖公立研究型大学。
著名的世界性大学联盟Universitas 21成员之一，北美顶尖的学术联盟美国大学协会（AAU）的62个成员之一和十大联盟（Big Ten Conference）成员，被誉为“公立常春藤(Public Ivy)”大学。
创建于1870年，俄亥俄州立大学目前已经成为美国规模最大的大学之一，主校区面积为65㎞2，其中核心校区7㎞2；不仅是整个俄亥俄州排名第一的大学，也是美国五大湖地区最顶尖的公立大学之一。
小筱邸大师案例分析
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材料：清水混凝土的
使用
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清水混凝土的语言 ——精致、细腻、纯朴
在安藤的作品中，把原本厚重、表面粗糙的清水混凝 土，转化成一种细腻精致的纹理, 以一种绵密、近乎均 质的质感来呈现。这种精准、纯粹的特质，正符合日 本人的审美特性。
“我乐意把混凝土看成一种明a 朗安宁的无机材料，赋予 17 它一种优雅的表达。”
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“人生往往不如你想象的那么如意，但即 使碰到困难，也要想办法找到能替代的办 法去处理这件事请，只要不放弃就能实现 目标。”——安藤忠雄
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安藤忠雄
1941年 生于日本大阪 1962－1969年 自学建筑，并在美国、欧洲和非洲游学 1969年 在大阪建立安藤忠雄建筑家协会 1979年 获日本建筑院的年度大奖 1986年 获日本教育部的年度奖 1987年 任耶鲁大学访问教授 1988年 任哥伦比亚大学访问教授 1989年 获法国建筑学院颁发的建筑金奖 1990年 任哈沸大学访问教授 1991年 成为美国建筑家学会荣誉会员 1992年 获丹麦卡尔斯堡建筑奖 1993年 获日本艺术学院颁发的奖励，成为英国皇家
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称号的由来
安藤的第一个成名作品—— 住吉的长屋 (大阪 1976年)，位 于混乱的老旧市区住吉的长屋， 是安藤故乡很多老建筑中平凡的 一貌。安藤运用清水混凝土墙围 出一座方盒子，将周边嘈杂喧闹 全部隔绝在墙外;中间的天井， 以作为房间的采光或通风之用， 光线从天空洒落在光洁的混凝土 墙壁上，留下了时间的影子，成 为建筑中的一种生动元素，从此， 安藤“清水混凝土诗人”的称号 就有此展开。
建筑学学会的荣誉会员任东京大学教授
英语国家概况模拟考试试题三
模拟试题三一、单项选择题1、The only surviving large mammals are _____.A、red deer and wolvesB、boars and wolvesC、roe deer and boarsD、red deer and roe deer2、The Anglo-Saxons brought ________ religion to Britain.A、DruidismB、Roman CatholicC、TeutonicD、Christian3、The Independent Labor Party was led by _____.A、Jeremy BenthamB、James CookC、Abel TasmanD、Keir Hardie4、On _____, Queen Elizabeth II approved a same-sex marriage bill..A、April 29, 2011B、July 7, 2012C、July 17, 2013D、August 17, 20125、The poverty line in the UK is commonly defined as being _____ of the median household income.A、50%B、65%C、55%D、60%6、______ prepare them for higher education.A、Grammar schoolsB、Secondary modern schoolsC、Private schoolsD、Higher schools7、The modern game of ______ is generally accepted to have originated in England.A、swimmingB、footballC、skiingD、diving8、In ______, figure skater Madge Cave Syers became the first female athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympic Games.A、1896B、1908C、1948D、19209、The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is ______.A、the Daily MailB、the Daily TelegraphC、the Daily MirrorD、the Sun10、The rivers that descend from the eastern slopes of the Rockies flow into _____.A、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of MexicoB、the Gulf of California and the MississippiC、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of CaliforniaD、the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico11、Between 1980 and 1989, the South and West of the United States added ______ million people through net migration.A、8.8B、8.4C、8.9D、4.912、The ______ founded their first permanent settlement on the continent at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、DutchD、Portuguese13、State governments have the power to make laws for all citizens that are not granted to the federal government or denied to the states in the US Constitution. These include _____, and most crimes.A、education, family law, constitutionB、education, family law, contract lawC、education, constitution, contract lawD、family law, constitution, contract law14、In December ______, the Senate condemned McCarthy for certain improper, extreme behavior.A、1955B、1956C、1953D、195415、Vietnam got independence in ______.A、1945B、1944C、1943D、194616、By _____ Champlain had reached Quebec.A、1605B、1606C、1607D、160817、The Constitution Act assigns specific responsibilities to the provinces and reserves all others for _____.A、the federal governmentB、the presidentC、the representativeD、the monarch18、Pennsylvania was established by ______.A、Separatist CongregationalistsB、QuakersC、Roman CatholicsD、Puritans19、______ is a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama and the only American playwright to win the Nobel Prize for literature.A、O’NeillB、Henry JamesC、Walt WhitmanD、James Fenimore Cooper20、To a lesser degree in the early ______ century, film types that were previously considered to have only a minor presence in the mainstream movie market began to arise as more potent American box office draws.A、20tyB、19thC、18thD、21st21、______ is observed on the last Monday of May.A、Martin Luther King, Jr. DayB、Washington’s BirthdayC、Memorial DayD、Independence Day22、Canada covers about ______ of the North American continent.A、a halfB、a thirdC、a quarterD、two fifths23、______ is the floral symbol of Australia and is celebrated on National Wattle Day each year on September 1.A、Eucalyptus treesB、Maple treeC、Dahurian larchD、The golden wattle24、The average maximum temperature in _____ is 23℃ in summer, 14℃ in winter.A、DunedinB、AucklandC、ChristchurchD、Nelson25、The secondary school system comprises private schools that are predominantly owned by _____.A、the enterpriseB、the stateC、the armyD、religious communities26、Much of th e world’s wool comes from ______.A、IrelandB、AustraliaC、New ZealandD、Britain27、The cinema of ______, often generally referred to as Hollywood.A、ChinaB、JanpanC、the United StatesD、England28、The work of filmmakers and actors throughout the UK is supported by ______, a government board that helps fund productions and secure film-related services.A、Arts CouncilB、British Broadcasting CorporationC、Channel Four TelevisionD、Film Council29、In _____, Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community.A、January 1957B、January 1974C、January 1960D、January 197330、The ______ brought with them the art of pottery making, the ability to fashion bronze tools and the custom of individual burial.A、CeltsB、Beaker FolkC、IberiansD、Anglo-Saxons二、填空题1、Traditional farming involved _____, a system that dated back to the 5th century.2、Among several important social developments in the decades after World War II, the most evident was the rising standard of ______.3、International cricket matches, known as tests, began in 1877 with a match between ______ and ______.4、The Progressive Movement was a movement demanding government regulation of _____.5、On August 4, 1914, _____ issued an official statement proclaiming American neutrality.6、_____is the oldest written constitution in the world.7、Post-secondary education, better known as “______” in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system.8、The influential landscape painters known as ______ devoted themselves to developing a national style in the first decades of the 20th century.9、There are also more than ______ private primary and secondary schools, most of them Roman Catholic or run by other religious groups.10、_____has long been the backbone of Irish agriculture.三、名词解释1、black Thursday2、The Bill of Rights四、简答题1、What is the relation between the papers and the political party?2、How do the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains run?3、What were the two weaknesses in the American economy in the 1920s?4、Which was a great turning point of the American War of Independence?5、What are the three branches of government?6、There are major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed countries. What do these differences include?7、In what areas is Canada’s agriculture located?8、Why does New Zealand often have earthquakes?9、Which battle is considered one of the most important events in Australian history and why?10、What caused the fall in population in Ireland?五、论述题1、What are the two major political parties in New Zealand? How are they different from each other?答案部分一、单项选择题1、【正确答案】 D【答案解析】答案选D。
英语专业毕业论文-SymbolisminTheOldManandtheSea
Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea1.Introduction (1)2.Brief introduction to symbolism (3)2.1The definition of symbol and symbolism (3)2.2Symbolism in the novella (5)3.An analysis of symbolism in the novella (6)3.1An analysis of Santiago’s character and his symbolic meaning (6)3.2An analysis of Manolin’s character and his symbolic meaning (10)3.3An analysis of Joe DiMaggio and his symbolic meaning (12)3.4The sea and its symbolic meaning (13)3.5The marlin and its symbolic meaning (14)3.6The sharks and their symbolic meaning (16)3.7The lions and their symbolic meaning (17)4.Conclusion (18)References (20)1.IntroductionHemingway is one of the famous modern American writers.He writes many novels and short stories.The Old Man and the Sea is generally regarded as the best.It was published in1952.With its vivid characterization,simple language and profound meaning,it stands out as one of Hemingway’s excellent books.It also earns its author the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in1952and directly leads Hemingway to be the Nobel Prize laureate“for his powerful style–forming mastery of the art of modern narration, as most recently evinced in The Old Man and the Sea.”Regarded as a giant both in American literature and the world literature,Ernest Hemingway was born on July21,1899,in Oak Park,Illinois.His mother was a music teacher,a lover of high culture.His father was a physician,fond of hunting and fishing,who often took young Ernest with him on his trips.Influenced by his parents,he was interested in music,hunting,fishing,boxing and bullfighting.His variety of interest especially the love of fishing extremely affected all his life and he drew much writing inspiration from his fishing experience.Taking adventures also plays a vital role in his life,and for this reason,he experienced the two world wars.As a noticeable representative of the“Lost Generation”,Hemingway published the book of this sort,The Sun Also Rises.The book chiefly deals with the living attitude of post-war generation,especially the life of those wounded soldiers and the kind of loneliness and disillusionment of modern people whose ideals were shattered at a time when“God is dead”.They thought life was nothing and meaningless.In this case,Hemingway became a spokesman for the“Lost Generation”.In1952,Hemingway published The Old man and the Sea.Actually,the novella is a parable of man’s struggle against the nature.Hemingway writes this novella based on a true story of a Cuba fisherman--Santiago.He is an aged and solitary man who makes a living by fishing.After eighty-four days without catching a fish,he goes far out and hooks a great fish.For three days,the old man holds on while the fish pulls him further and further.Finally he kills the fish and ties it to his skiff.As he sails slowly to port,brutal sharks begin to take his prize away.He makes every effort to struggle against them with the harpoon,the oar,the knife and the short club.The sharks eat all but the skeleton of the fish.Half dead with exhaustion,he brings the skeleton home and makes his way to bed and dreams about the lions.The novella is not just a story about an old man and the sea.Hemingway uses many symbols and there are many hidden meanings in it.Each element representsdifferent things.This paper aims to explore symbolism in this book and discuss those symbols and their symbolic meanings.2.Brief introduction to symbolism2.1The definition of symbol and symbolismSymbolism is the use of symbols,often to communicate extrasensory meaning or significance.It is as old as literature itself.It abounds in the bible and in the Greek and Latin classics(Liang Yuling，1999:91).There is no symbolism without symbol, and so it is necessary to illustrate the term symbol before discussing symbolism.The word“symbol”comes from the Greek verb symballein,“to put together”, and the noun symbolon,“sign”(M.H.Abrams,2004:311).A symbol is a sign that has further layers of meaning.In other words,a symbol means more than it literally says. The more profound the symbol,the greater the complexity of the layers of meaning is. While a writer intends to express certain meanings by means of symbols,the meaning he or she expresses will exceed what was consciously intended(Liu Ying,2006:8).Dr.Frank Lentricchia and Thomas Mclanghlin defined this literary term as:“a symbol is representation of an idea,thing,concept,or quality.A symbol is an object, which stands for something else;it is a word,which while signifying something specific,also signifies something beyond itself.With a symbol we have to infer the meaning and associations”(Lentricchia&Mclanghlin,1995:5).A symbol always represents something that remains to be demonstrated.It is in acertain sense a visible sign of something invisible.Symbols are vitally connected to the idea which they present.Symbols present and reveal and bring us into contact with the reality which they embody.Symbols are used when a writer wants to express his understanding of something in his mind,which is not directly observable in the everyday world.The writer has to use a symbol because he can only convey his comprehension of something abstract by using objects and words from the familiar world.The writer starts with an object in the real world and makes it symbolic by loading it with a meaning which is not explicitly stated(Liu Ying,2006:9).Symbols are essential for a full understanding of literature and symbols are the elements of symbolism.Symbolism originated in France.Symbolist movement is a literary and artistic movement that originated with a group of French poets in the late19th century,spread to painting and the theatre,and influenced the European and American literatures of the20th century to various degrees(Liu Ying,2006:5).With regard to symbolism,Dr.Frank Lentricchia and Thomas Mclanghlin conclude“Symbolism is the system use of symbols to represent or allude to something.In the most literal sense,all languages are symbolic.In a narrower sense symbolism is the use of iconic figures with particular conventional meanings”(Lentricchia&Mclanghlin,1990:75).Symbolism tends to broaden the readers’perceptions,giving the meaning to the object beyond its concrete use or intended meaning.As Barnet points out,“When we read,we may feel that certain characters and certain things in the story stand for morethan themselves,or hint at larger meanings”(Barnet.et al.2002:195).It may be clear that the author has mentioned certain items or ideas in order to induce the readers to think more deeply about something.On the whole,symbolism is an important element in literature.Symbolism means the systematic use of symbols or pictorial conventions to express an allegorical meaning(M.H.Abrams,2004).Symbolism is a series of links between man’s apprehension of the world,and the way he can convey his apprehension.Many writers, in fact most fiction authors,use symbolism as a rhetorical device central to the meaning of their works.Their literary works are often admired for their artful use of symbolism.This thesis attempts to research the symbolism used in the Old Man and the Sea and try to find some symbolic meanings.2.2Symbolism in the novellaSince the publication of The Old Man and the Sea,there has been much debate surrounding symbolism of the story.At first,even Hemingway himself denied there is symbolism in the novella.He held a quite different attitude towards the experts and critics.He once pointed out that a tale truly could mean many things.But at the same time he reaffirmed“There isn’t any symbolism.The sea is the sea.The old man is an old man.The boy is a boy and the fish is a fish.The sharks are all sharks no better and no worse.All the symbolism that people say is shit.What goes beyond is what you see beyond when you know”(Dong Hengzhuan,1985:145).However,in George Pulinpton’s interview of Hemingway,Hemingway said,“I think there is symbolism”(Dong Hengzhuan,1985:40).The more than eighty-year-old Bernard Beiruisun said,“The Old Man and the Sea is a piece of rural music…a trueartist neither symbolize nor fable.Hemingway does a true artist,but any real work of art gives off the symbolic implication with allegory,so does the short and small but significant works.”Hemingway showed great satisfaction to what Bernard said.He thought the problem about symbolism speaks really good and fresh(Dong Hengzhuan, 1985:139).Thus,we can say that he did admit there is symbolism in this novella.3.An analysis of symbolism in the novellaTo begin with,the title of the book itself is a symbol.The old man represents the human race and the sea symbolizes nature.The whole story could be eyed as the metaphor of the struggle that takes place between human beings and the nature.But the story also indicates that nature is,to some extent,superior and that the humankind is not able to win this fighting.Just like what Santiago says“it is good that we do not have to kill the sea and the moon or the stars.It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers”(Hemingway,70).Santiago knows that mankind is always inferior; he admits he is happy that he does not have to try to kill the moon or the stars because he knows they are much stronger and that he would always be defeated in a fight against them.3.1An analysis of Santiago’s character and his symbolic meaningHemingway said in the novella,“Man is not made for defeat.A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”Santiago is endowed with this optimistic attitude towards life--courage,confidence,dignity and never gives up.He is the kind of man whoshows“grace under pressure”,which is a very important quality of Santiago.At the beginning of the novella,Santiago has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish and the only boy Manolin who follows him is forced to leave his skiff for the old man’s bad luck.This is a kind of pressure.When the old man hooks the biggest marlin never seen in the Gulf Stream,he is alone and he endures a long and grueling struggle with the marlin and he feels lonely and helpless.This is another kind of pressure.However,he is not defeated by the pressure.On the contrary,he shows grace under pressure.As the novella begins,the entire first paragraph emphasizes Santiago’s apparent lack of success.For example,“The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled,it looked like the flag of permanent defeat”(Hemingway,1).Nevertheless,he keeps confidence in his dignity.So even if having got nothing in the first84days,he continues to go out to fish.His commitment to sail out further than any other fishermen has testified his confidence.It also shows his confidence to change his bad luck,because he clearly knows that he was born for conquering the sea,which helps him preserve hope regardless of bad circumstance.Santiago is also an old man full of spiritual power.“Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated”(Ernest Hemingway,2).We all know that eyes are the windows of one’s soul.It means the old man’s heart or soul is inconvincible and it manifests that the old man is confident and unyielding.Great wisdom,adequate self-confidence and strong will are his specific characteristics.Although he faces the threat of defeat and death,he shows his spiritual power.He bravely challenges the giant marlin and groups of sharks face to face,showing unbelievable determination and courage.Although he is beaten finally,the skeleton proves that he has fought against his bad environment bravely.His endurance and courage have been tested and proved once more.He loses the battle,but he gets his spiritual success.He is physically destroyed by fate,but he is never spiritually defeated.Santiago is a wise man having rich experience and knowledge.His long-term living experience provides him abundant resources of wisdom so that he is able to tackle all situations.In order to protest his dignity,he finally summarizes the famous motto“Man is not made for defeat.A man can be destroyed but not defeated”(Hemingway,99).To sum up,Santiago is a tough man.He emerges as a hero who reflects the author’s own life attitude.That is,to fight though the failure is inevitable and to show dignity and grace under pressure.Santiago has strong will,self-confidence and resolution to overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life.Even though he knows that he cannot win the battle,he still tries all his best to fight in order to show his dignity, courage,bravery and skill.He is a hero in the battle.Though he fails at last,he never gives up struggling for his life.Santiago’s fate seems to express Hemingway’s belief.In Hemingway’s conception of the world,death and destruction,as part of nature,are unavoidable. Hemingway seems to believe there are only two options when facing an awkward situation:defeat or endurance until destruction.Santiago clearly chooses the latter.Hisstoic determination is mythic,nearly Christ-like.Both Jesus and Santiago suffer greatly:Jesus suffers for his people’s sins,while Santiago suffers for his own personal gain(Net.1).Hemingway presents the old fisherman as an ideal man who faces the reality boldly and courageously.Whatever the result is,he is ready to live with grace under pressure.He has indestructible spirit and an optimistic attitude towards life.He fights against the nature and will never be defeated,because of his indestructible spirit and unquenchable courage(Zhang Boxiang,2001).Santiago is just the kind of person Hemingway creates to link up with Christ--who gives his life for the greater glory of humankind.Even though Santiago doesn’t consider himself a religious man,it is during his struggle with the marlin that the book becomes strongly suggestive of a Christian parable.As his struggle intensifies,Santiago begins to seem more and more Christ-like.Hemingway compares him to Jesus in the following ways: First of all,the name“Santiago”itself is a biblical allusion.Santiago is simply the Spanish form of Saint James,and James is an apostle in the New Testament.Second,during the old man’s battle with the marlin,his palms are cut by his fishing line;the reader can not help but think of Christ suffering his ter, when the sharks arrive,the old man is portrayed as a Christ-like martyr--“Ay,he said aloud”.Hemingway goes on to say that“Ay”means“a noise such as a man might make,involuntarily,feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood”(Hemingway,103).This is the same experience Jesus has while being crucified.Furthermore,once back on shore,Santiago climbing towards his shack with hismast across his shoulders recalls Christ’s march toward Calgary.Even the position in which Santiago collapses on his bed--face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up(Hemingway,119)--brings to mind the image of Christ suffering on the cross(Jesse Lichtenstein&David Hopson,2003).Hemingway employs these images in order to link Santiago to Christ,who exemplified transcendence by turning loss into gain,defeat into triumph,and even death into renewed life.Finally,the day Santiago hooks a fish is a Friday,symbolic of God Friday,the day Jesus is crucified.The hook goes into and through the mouth of the fish,just as the nail goes through the hand of Jesus.On the second day,the old man anxiously awaits the rising of the fish to the top of water,just as Jesus’followers await his resurrection and pray after his death.On the third day,the fish rises and the old man spears and kills it.Santiago has a struggle of three days,which is significant because the three days symbolize the three days when Jesus rises from the dead,and then ascends to heaven,and continues to devote himself to his belief(Wang min,Tao Shiyun,2007).Just as when the marlin is attacked by the sharks,though Santiago knows the battle is doomed to be useless,he continues to fight.Santiago’s attitude towards life is the same as Jesus’,which is to endure,to accept what has happened and will happen peacefully.3.2An analysis of Manolin’s character and his symbolic meaningManolin,the young devoted apprentice and friend of Santiago,is present only in the beginning and at the end of the novella,but his presence is important because Manolin’s devotion to Santiago highlights Santiago’s value as a person and as afisherman.Manolin is a boy presumably in his adolescence;he is Santiago’s apprentice and devoted attendant.Though forced to leave the old man,he continues to care for the old man.He has learned a lot from the old man since his childhood.Also, he is very proud of Santiago’s wisdom and admires him very much.He demonstrates his love for Santiago openly and makes sure that the old man has food,blankets,and can rest without being bothered.When Santiago comes back from the sea,he does a lot of things for Santiago,such as buying and heating coffee,bringing newspaper and applying medicine.What’s more,he tries his best to comfort Santiago,saying sincerely,“The hell with luck.I’ll bring the luck with me…but we fish together now for I still have much to learn”(Ernest Hemingway,122).In his eyes,Santiago is the best fisherman and he thinks Santiago is distinct and superior to others.And he holds the old man in high esteem by telling him,“The best fisherman is you.There are many good fishermen and some are great ones.But there is only you”(Hemingway, 15).All of these show that as the old man’s apprentice,he plays an important role in the old man’s life.Influenced by Santiago’s great character,Manolin learns how to fish and to face many situations on the sea,how to be a strong,brave and upright man,how to be an intelligent and skilful fisherman.Manolin is a companion who feels nothing but love and devotion.Manolin’s purity elevates him to the level of a symbolic character.From the beginning of the story,the reader is shown a unique relationship between Santiago and Manolin.Manolin likes to be around the old man and listen to what the old man says,just as Jesus’disciples like to be around him and listen to histeachings,so the relationship between Santiago and Manolin is somewhat like that between Jesus and his disciples.Manolin,in fact,is Santiago’s disciple and Santiago teaches him knowledge about fishing and life.Santiago to Manolin is Jesus to Saint Peter--the closest apostle who helps Jesus to fish for souls while Manolin helps Santiago to fish for a living.Santiago is an old man whose physical existence is almost over,but the reader is assured that Santiago’s spirit will pass on to Manolin,who desperately wants to complete his training and will make use of those lessons he has learned from the old man after his teacher has died.Santiago hopes Manolin,who is young and strong to prolong his life after his death.During much of his journey,Santiago wishes the boy were with him to give him the strength he needs to catch the marlin.At the end of the book,the boy abandons his duty to his father,swearing that he will sail with the old man regardless of the consequences.Here,he stands as a symbol of uncompromised love and fidelity.As the old man’s apprentice,he can ensure us that Santiago’s spirit will go on.3.3An analysis of Joe DiMaggio and his symbolic meaningJoe DiMaggio,a famous baseball player of Yankees Team,is Santiago’s favorite player.Although he never appears in the novella,he plays a significant role and he often figures in the old man’s waking thought as well as in his dreams.Santiago worships him as a model of strength and commitment.Whenever he feels tired,he thinks of the Yankees of New York,which is playing the Tigers of Detroit.The more he thinks of his idol,the more confident he will be.Though DiMaggio has a pain of bone spur in his heel,he returns to the baseball team and becomes the greatest playerof all time.To Santiago,the returning of the baseball player represents a kind of triumph.Joe DiMaggio means a lot to the old man.He reminds himself of his hero to further boost his spirits.Instead of catching a fish,DiMaggio is attempting to win a pennant.One of the major reasons Santiago holds DiMaggio in such high regard is that“he possesses…macho or manly qualities”(Net.3).DiMaggio inspires him with his leadership qualities and his determination to win in spite of handicaps.When his left hand cramps and he feels drained of his strength,the old man reminds himself of the painful spur that the great DiMaggio suffers.The image of the baseball hero playing in pain gives Santiago renewed vigor and stamina to put up with his own pain. Therefore,the great DiMaggio is said to be a symbol of resilience,courage,endurance and success--traits the old man shows throughout his three-day journey.Santiago admires DiMaggio not only because of his strength and skill and heroic endurance of a painful bone spur,but also because“They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand”(Hemingway,14). Santiago wants someone like the boy that would listen to him and understand him, and he thinks that DiMaggio would be that person because of their background being the same.That is why Santiago associates himself so closely with the baseball player. DiMaggio also represents the hope that the old man has for Manolin.He wishes that the boy will grow up and be like the great DiMaggio.3.4The sea and its symbolic meaningThe sea,where the old man struggles against the giant fish,can be regarded as the symbol of mightiness.As a traditional mythic symbol,it suggests a mysterious,powerful and hostile force.It is the very force to test a man’s ability and dignity.In this novella,as a battlefield,the sea is the living environment as well as the background of a man’s existence.In Santiago’s eyes,the sea is the source of strength. Thus,the boundless and indistinct sea becomes the greatest test of a man’s endurance.The sea also stands for the miniatures of human life.In both the sea and the life, there are great possibilities that lie hidden from the common eyes.Some are gifts to treasure and some are problems to solve.Nothing can be found unless man embarks on the journey.If man is lucky enough to discover a treasure(maybe it is love or family or education),he must fight until death to retain it;if man is unlucky enough to discover an evil,he must fight bravely and boldly until the end.That is so-called “grace under pressure”and“tough guy”by some critics(Qin Chenghua,2006).In the novel,Santiago undergoes a sea journey(life)and encounters a giant marlin(treasure). He battles nobly to earn the treasure and fights with the sharks(problems)to keep it. The struggle defines Santiago as a hero,even though he loses his treasure(marlin)to sharks.3.5The marlin and its symbolic meaningAt the end of the novella,we learn that the marlin which is hooked by Santiago measures eighteen feet.Because of the marlin’s great size,Santiago is unable to pull the fish in,and the two become engaged in a kind of tug-of-war that often seems more like an alliance than a struggle.The fishing line serves as a symbol of the fraternal connection Santiago feels with the fish.His struggle with the marlin for days on end is symbolic of his own personal struggle with himself and with the nature.Magnificent and glorious,the marlin also symbolizes the ideal opponent in aworld in which“everything kills everything else in some way”(Hemingway,102). Santiago feels genuinely lucky to find himself matched against a creature that brings out the best in him:his strength and courage,his love and respect.Both Santiago and marlin display qualities of pride,honor and bravery,and both are subject to the same eternal law:they must kill or be killed.So the relationship between Santiago and marlin is somewhat like that of life and death.Hemingway also unites the old man with marlin through Santiago’s frequent expressions of his feeling of brotherly love.He says,“Fish,I love you and respect you very much”(Hemingway, 48).He thinks of the fish as his equal and calls him“brother”.He thus suggests that the fate of one is the fate of the other.Although they are opponents,they are also partners and allies,so the contest becomes an act of love,almost an act of worship (Net.2).Santiago declares the marlin his“true brother”,he implies that they share a common fate.When the sharks attack the marlin later,they seem to attack Santiago as well,and the sense of alliance between the old man and the fish becomes even more explicit.Therefore,the special relationship between the old man and the marlin symbolizes a brotherly affection between mankind and nature.Finally,the giant marlin is a symbol of the mysterious unknown world that challenges everyone.For a large part of the book,Santiago is pulled by this giant and mysterious creature,and yet he does not know what it is or what it looks like.The old man can only imagine its strength,power and determination.Yet he still identifies with it,knowing it is the part of the nature.When the old man actually sees the fish, he is even more amazed at its grandeur and size.Santiago is determined to show whata man can do and what a man endures by fighting against the marlin.Therefore,the marlin not only symbolizes an ideal opponent but also a man’s endurance and power.3.6The sharks and their symbolic meaningAs Santiago sails on with the fish,the marlin’s blood leaves a trail in the water and attracts groups of sharks to attack it.The first shark Santiago encounters is a mako shark.“He was a very big mako shark built to swim as fast as the fastest fish in the sea,and everything about him was beautiful except his jaws.His back was blue as the sword fish’s and his belly was silver and his hide was smooth and handsome”(Hemingway,96).Indeed,the mako is not a nasty or brutish beast,but noble in its own way.Reflecting on his victory over the mako,Santiago says the shark is“cruel and able and strong and intelligent.But I was more intelligent than he was. Perhaps not...Perhaps I was only better armed”(Hemingway,99).Santiago thinks the mako is a worthy opponent and he wins glory from battling it.There is another kind of shark,shovel-nosed sharks.Though“They were hateful sharks,bad smelling,scavengers as well as killers”(Hemingway,104),they are certainly part of the ocean environment.As opponents for the old man,they stand in bold contrast to the marlin,which is worthy of Santiago’s effort and strength.In Santiago’s eyes,the fish is very beautiful and huge and it has the right to kill him. Santiago says,“You are killing me,fish,but you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,e on and kill me,I do not care who kills who”(Hemingway,88).Santiago thinks it is noble to fight against the marlin while he wins no glory to fight against the shovel-nosed sharks.In his eye,they are little more than predators who thoughtlessly andgracelessly attack the marlin.The sharks,symbols of evil,eat away all the meat of the giant marlin.They symbolize those who would tear apart anyone’s success.The sharks are also read as representations of the deadly forces of evil that reign in nature and life.They are the negative,destructive aspect of the sea and,more generally, human society.They symbolize and embody the destructive laws of the universe.3.7The lions and their symbolic meaningSantiago dreams his pleasant dream of the lions at play on the beaches of Africa three times.These dreams seem to represent the happier and better times of his life, especially his youth.The lions are the only thing Santiago dreams of.When he sleeps,“He no longer dreamed of storms,nor of women,nor of great fish…he only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach.They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy”(Hemingway,18).Because Santiago has kept the image of the lions in his mind since his boyhood,and the lions are just like a line to connect the end of the old man’s life with the beginning,giving his existence a kind of circularity,the dreams suggest the circular nature of life.Additionally,because Santiago imagines the lions,fierce predators,playing on the beaches,his dreams suggest a harmony between the opposing forces-life and death,love and hate, destruction and regeneration of nature.As we know,lion is the symbol of power.The image of lions serves as a source of comfort and renewal for Santiago and suggests a time of youth and ease.Dreams of lions are the symbols of Santiago’s pursuing power and victory.This is Santiago’s source of strength.They are also linked explicitly to Manolin,a connection that is made apparent at the end of the novella--when the boy watches over the old man,。
鲍勃·迪伦 BOB DYLAN
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Nothing much is happening here I guess. Bob Shelton is waiting for Jean. The dogs are waiting to go out. The theifs are waiting for an old lady. Little kids are waiting for school. The cop is waiting to beat up on someone. Them lousy bums are waiting for money. Grove Street is waiting for Bedford Street. The dirty are waiting to be cleaned. Everybody is waiting for cooler weather. And I am just waiting for you. — A letter from Bob Dylan to Suze
注视着热带岛屿的日出
Fly the ocean in a silver plane 乘着银色飞机飞越海洋
Just remember, darling, all the while See the jungle when its wet with
回忆着自己最心爱的人
rain 望着正值雨季的丛林
You belong to me
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Brief introduction
Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American songwriter, singer, artist, and writer. He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest. Early songs such as "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin'" became anthems for the American civil rights（民权运动） and antiwar（反战运动） movements. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk -music revival, his six-minute single "Like a
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• 从展厅走下去， 可以看到 Ellsworth Kelly的雕塑作品 “Blue Black”， 这是用两块 绘画过的金属矩形板组成的简 单雕塑。 安藤忠雄希望它能给 大楼带来一些意想不到的反差。
• 基金会还有一处雕塑作品是 Richard Serra的“Jore”， 用来纪念约瑟夫·普利策。 这 两个作品使得安藤忠雄的设计 有机地融合了建筑和艺术的美 感。
Pulitzer Foundation for the Art
普立策基金会美术馆
安藤忠雄
他认为建筑是人与自然之间 的中介是一个脆弱的、理性的 庇护所。 他反对机能主义，认为这种 舒适建筑切割了人和自然的联 系
1979年 - 日本建筑学会赏（住吉长屋） 1985年 - 芬兰建筑师协会阿尔瓦?阿尔 托（Alvar Aalto）奖 1988年 - 第13回吉田五十八赏（城户崎 邸） 1989年 - 法国建筑学院奖赏 1991年 - 美国建筑师协会（AIA）荣誉 会员、美国科学院和文学艺术研究所 Arnold W. Brunner纪念奖 1993年 - 皇立英国建筑师协会（RIBA） 荣誉会员、日本艺术院赏 1994年 - 第26回日本艺术大赏（大阪飞 鸟博物馆） 1995年 - 年普利策奖、日本文化设计奖 （六甲集合住宅） 1997年 - 德国建筑师协会名誉会员、皇 立英国建筑师协会皇家金奖章 2002年 - 美国建筑师联盟金牌（AIA金 牌）、京都赏思想艺术部门受赏 2005年 - 国际建筑师联盟金牌（UIA金 牌）
组长：高欣 组员：曹浪，段阿萌，贺梦云，胡已宏
设计： 基地位置： 斯 占地面积： 总建筑面积： 基地面积： 层数： · 路易
1040m2 2380m2 3920m2 地下1层 地上2层 1997年11月—2001年7
清水混凝土的使用
• 混凝土按照“高24英寸 宽12英寸厚10英寸”的 标准严格执行。混凝土 要严格防水，不能有少 许的漏洞。 • 为了达到使外层反射光 的效果，施工的时候要 在模板里面涂上一层树 脂，才能使外观光亮。