英语国家国情 2

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英语国家国情教学大纲

英语国家国情教学大纲

英语国家国情教学大纲
《英语国家国情》教学大纲
一、课程名称:英语国家国情/An Introduction to English-Speaking Countries
二、课程编码:11024010
三、学时与学分:34/2
四、考核方式: 考试
五、先修课程:综合英语、英语阅读
六、适用学科专业:英语
七、教学目的:
通过本课程的学习,使学生了解英语国家的文化背景知识,具体掌握英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治概况,了解这些国家的风俗习惯,从而为其更准确地掌握英语语言、提高语言应用能力打下良好的基础。

八、基本教学内容:
采用教材: 来安方主编《英美概况》河南教育出版社。

本课程内容分为两大部分:英国概况和美国概况。

主要介绍了两国的政治、经济、法律、文化、教育、历史、社会习俗及自然地理状况等各个方面。

九、学时安排:
两大部分分别用8周时间分章节讲授。

十、教学参考书与参考资料:
张奎武主编:《英美概况》,吉林科技出版社,
张承谟等主编:《英美概况》,上海外语教育出版社,
Richard Musman. Background to the USA. 光明日报出版社。

英语国家概况课程标准

英语国家概况课程标准

《英语国家概况》课程标准一、课程基本信息二、课程性质与定位英语国家概况是英语专业基础阶段的一门专业选修课,也是进一步学习英美两国社会与文化的入门课程。

为了培养应用型英语专业人才、提高英语专业学生的语言综合运用能力和跨文化交际能力,特开设本课程。

本课程是英语专业人才培养的有机组成部分。

本课程可以使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、政治、经济、社会与文化概貌,熟悉主要英语国家的国情、社会和文化,掌握英语交际中有关英语国家概况的专有名词和常识,有效地提高英语专业学生的跨文化交际能力和综合素质。

三、课程目标1.知识目标了解英语国家的主要国情,掌握地理历史、政治经济、社会文化和教育等方面的基本常识2.能力目标能初步听懂、看懂和交流文化等方面的信息3.素质目标了解多元文化和中外文化差异,提高对不同文化的敏感度和跨文化交际意识与能力四、主要内容和要求英国部分第一章 The Country【目的要求】1、掌握国名、领土、国旗、国歌、国际地位、组成部分2、熟悉邻国、临海3、了解地形、河流、湖泊、海岸线、气候【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Position and Borders2、Topography3、Rivers, lakes and Coastline【自学内容】1、Components2、Climate第二章 The People【目的要求】1、掌握英国人的血统(祖先);重要专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉英国人的人口构成和语言构成;英国的阶级结构3、了解英国人的身份【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Ethnic Composition2、Linguistic Composition3、Class Structure【自学内容】1、Demographic Composition2、The British Identity第三章 History【目的要求】1、掌握重要历史事件和历史人物的专有名词2、熟悉重要历史事件和历史人物的产生背景3、了解重要历史事件和历史人物的历史意义【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Early Britain2、Medieval Britain(1066-1485)3、Transition to the Modern Age(1485-1688)4、The age of Empire(1689-1901)【自学内容】1、Britain since 19012、Britain since World War II第四章 Government and Politics 【目的要求】1、掌握议会的构成;选举2、熟悉英国君主的作用;政府的构成3、了解宪法【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The Constitution and the Monarchy2、Parliament3、Government4、Political Party and Elections【自学内容】1、The Constitution2、The Local Government第五章 Judiciary【目的要求】1、掌握司法系统的常识2、熟悉法庭制度;司法程序3、了解法律行业;英国警察【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The Court System2、Judicial Proceedings3、The Legal Profession4、Law and Order【自学内容】1、The Rule of Law2、Sources of Law第六章 Economy【目的要求】1、掌握各行业的常识和代表性名词2、熟悉经济发展史;工业、农业、制造业、金融和贸易、交通和通讯等概况3、了解劳资双方【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Economic History2、Industries【自学内容】1、Labour第七章 Social Services【目的要求】1、掌握社会福利事业的常识2、熟悉英国家庭的发展趋势;国民医疗保健制度;3、了解个人社会服务;住房【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Family2、Social Security and the National Health Service【自学内容】1、Personal Service2、Housing第八章 Religion【目的要求】1、掌握宗教方面的专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉英国国教3、了解宗教历史【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Religious History2、The Church of England【自学内容】1、The Church of Scotland2、The Roman Catholic Church第九章 Education 【目的要求】1、掌握英国中小学教育的学制2、熟悉高等教育3、了解继续教育和培训【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Primary and Secondary Education2、Higher Education【自学内容】1、Further Education and Training2、Science and Technology第十章Way of Life (自学)【目的要求】1、掌握专有名词和代表性名词;文化常识2、熟悉英国人的休闲趋势;产生于英国的运动3、了解艺术与媒体【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、Leisure Activities2、Sporting Activities3、Art and the Media美国部分第一章 The Country 【目的要求】1、掌握美国主要地形、气候特点和区域特点2、熟悉地理专有名词3、了解地形、气候形成的原因【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Physical Features2、Cultural Geography【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第二章 History【目的要求】1、掌握重要历史事件和历史人物的专有名词2、熟悉重要历史事件和历史人物的产生背景3、了解重要历史事件和历史人物的历史意义【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、American Life from 1607 to the Civil War2、American Life from the Civil War to 19453、America since1945【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第三章 The American Identity(自学)【目的要求】1、掌握美国“移民国家”的特点;主流文化;2、熟悉黑人、西班牙裔的拉丁美洲人、亚裔和美洲土著人在美国的特点3、了解少数民族在美国的历史【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Europeans2、Black Americans,Latinos,Asian Americans and Native Americans 【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第四章 Political Institutions【目的要求】1、掌握美国国会、总统和联邦司法的职能;两大政党2、熟悉总统大选;制约与平衡原则;三权分立制3、了解两大政党的特点【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The American System of Government2、Political Parties and Political Elections【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第五章 Economy【目的要求】1、掌握美国经济的特点2、熟悉农业、工业、制造业和服务业的特点;经济发展史3、了解工人和工会【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、A Historical Perspective2、Agriculture,Industry and Service【自学内容】1、Labour and Labour Union2、Notes/Explanations第六章 Social Services(自学)【目的要求】1、掌握代表性名词2、熟悉美国社会福利事业的特点3、了解社会保障、福利计划、志愿者服务、医疗服务和住房【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、Public Social Services, Voluntary Services, Health Care Services2、Housing第七章 The Legal System【目的要求】1、掌握美国人喜欢通过打官司解决争端,美国的法律从业人数最多;美国法院的构成2、熟悉刑法、民法和法庭诉讼程序3、了解犯罪与惩罚【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The court structure2、Criminal law,civil law, and court proceedings【自学内容】1、Crime and Punishment第八章 Education(自学)【目的要求】1、掌握教育属于各州自己的事务,义务教育因州而异,但一般包括中小学阶段;美国中小学学制2、熟悉美国学院与大学的区别;美国大学的分类3、了解美国教育的目标和目的【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Elementary and Secondary Education2、Higher Education【自学内容】1、Goals and Purposes of Education第九章 Religion in American Life【目的要求】1、掌握宗教在美国影响广泛;政教分离;“In God We Trust”,“city upon ahill”,“God’s Chosen People”,the Promised Land,Puritanism,Protestantism, Catholicism,Judaism,Islam, Buddhism, Zenism等专有名词2、熟悉美国比其他西方国家信教人数多;宗教(如罗马天主教、新教和犹太教)在美国形成与发展的历史过程中有重要意义;宗教对美国政治和公众生活的影响3、了解宗教的世俗化趋势【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Introduction2、“In God We Trust”【自学内容】1、Church, State and Politics3、Secularization and Evangelicalism第十章 Private Life in America(自学)【目的要求】1、掌握生活中各种事务的表达2、熟悉美国人的购物、住房、家务活、各种室外活动、运动3、了解美国的足球和棒球运动【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、House and Home2、Outside the Home3、Sports加拿大【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词;常识性问题2、熟悉人种;教育;生活方式和文化3、了解地理;历史;政治制度;经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture澳大利亚【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉自然地理特征;植物群和动物群;气候;人口特征3、了解历史;经济贸易;政治制度【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Physical Features2、Flora and Fauna3、The People and History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture新西兰【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词;常识性问题2、熟悉人种;教育;生活方式和文化3、了解地理;历史;政治制度;经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture爱尔兰【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词;常识性问题2、熟悉人种;教育;生活方式和文化3、了解地理;历史;政治制度;经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture五、学时分配建议表六、实施建议1、教学组织各任课教师可根据所带班级实际情况适当调整教学侧重点。

英语国家国情试题库-英国与爱尔兰

英语国家国情试题库-英国与爱尔兰

英国与爱尔兰Part One Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is not a name people use to refer to the UK? BA. Great BritainB. The British IslandC. The United KingdomD. Britain2.is the capital city of Wales. DA. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over ________ millions. CA. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.The two landmarks of London are _________. AA. Guildhall and St. Paul’s CathedralB. Guildhall and Covent GardenC. City Hall and St. Paul’s CathedralD. City Hall and Covent Garden5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. DA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland6.The largest lake in the UK is located in ________. DA. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. CA. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman8.In the early part of 11th century, ________ replaced English as the official language in England. BA. GermanB. FrenchC. CelticD. Indo-European9.English was standardized because of the ________. AA. introduction of printing pressB. first industrial revolutionC. reins of William the ConquerorD. French retreat from England10.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ________ words to English DA. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek11.Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of ________. BA. southeastern EnglandB. southwestern EnglandC. southern ScotlandD. northern Wales12.At present, nearly of the world's population communicate in English. BA. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth13.Julius Caesar and his ________ troops invaded the British islands in year 55 BC. AA. RomanB. ItalianC. GreekD. Germanic14.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. DA. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic15.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. DA. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity16.All the coronations of the British nation have been held in ________ since the 11th century. BA. the City HallB. Westminster AbbeyC. the King’s CouncilD. Buckingham Place17.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ________. BA. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great18.________ improved the courts of justice, introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law in Britain. CA. Edward the ConfessorB. St. AugustineC. Henry IID. Duke William19.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England. DA. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law20.The Magna Carta protected the basic principles for the protection of ________ in Britain. AA. individual rightsB. feudal systemC. traditional rightsD. class system21.The two houses of parliament, instituted by the mid-14th century, was an effort to gain the support of ________. AA. middle classB. noblesC. clergymenD. lords22.The Hundred Year’s War was a series of wars fought between ________. CA. England and ScotlandB. England and WelsC. England and FranceD. England and Ireland23.During the Wars of the Roses, the White Rose was the badge of the ________. BA. House of LancasterB. House of YorkC. House of ValoisD. House of Tudor24.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the role of . DA. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster25.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII's effort to ________. AA. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church26.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between . BA. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians27.The monarchy was abolished and England was declared a commonwealth after the execution of ________. BA. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth I28.The Bills of Rights was passed by the Parliament directly after ________. BA. the Civil WarB. Glorious RevolutionC. Religious ReformationD. the Hundred Years War29.That ________ is not one of the Reasons for the industrial Revolution breaking out in Britain. CA. Britain had a huge marketB. England acquired wealth from India and AmericaC. England won more religious freedom from RomeD. enclosure movement deprived small landowners of property.30.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century. DA. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th31.The King or Queen is the head of state in Britain. Their powers are ________. AA. symbolicB. enormousC. moderateD. supreme32.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ________ CA. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive33.The British Constitution is made up of three main part with the exception of ________. DA. Statutory LawB. Common LawC. ConventionsD. the Unwritten34.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ________. DA. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude35.British Cabinet works on the principle of ________ AA. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals36.The house of Commons performs three functions except ________. DA. drafting new lawsB. scrutinizing government actionsC. supervising financeD. forming new cabinet37.________ can force a government to resign by passing a Motion of No Confidence. DA. The Cabinet C. the MonarchC. House of LordsD. House of Commons38.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ________. BA. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet39.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every ________ years. CA. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six40.The two parties in the British political system are ________. AA. the Conservative and the LaborB. the Conservative and the UnionC. the Labor and the DemocratD. the Union and the Democrat41.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and ________. DA. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism42.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ________. AA. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic43.The national election in Britain usually lasts for _______ and then the counting begins. AA. one dayB. one weekC. two weeksD. one month44.In 2005, the Commonwealth became an organization composed of ________ countries. DA. 23B. 33C. 43D. 5345.The British economy achieved global dominance by the ________. CA. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD. 1890s46.The ________ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain. AA. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem47.Of the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform. CA. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions48.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except ________. DA. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality49.Britain’s agriculture is not characterized by________. DA. small farming populationB. high degree of mechanizationC. advanced machineryD. high dependence on import50.The traditional energy industry in Britain is ________. AA. coal miningB. oil industryC. nuclear powerD. wind energy51.________ is not one of the top ten British companies in oil industry. DA. ShellB. BPC. BGD. GM52.The three major trends in the British economy since the war have been the following except ________. DA. the decline in the agricultural sectorB. the reduction in the industrial sectorC. the expansion of the service sectorD. the growing in the secondary industry53.The three principle financial centers of the world are ________. AA. London, New York and Tokyo.B. London, New York and Hong KongC. London, New York and ParisD. London, New York and Berlin54.The car industry in Britain is mostly ________. AA. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned55.Of the following sectors in Britain, _______ has experienced spectacular growth since the end of World War II. CA. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industrycation in Britain is compulsory for all children between ________. AA. 5 to 16B. 6 to 18C. 7 to 16D. 7 to 1857.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except________. BA. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions58.In Britain, the equivalent of the A-levels is the ________. AA. GNVQsB. GCSEC. GCSSD. GNSS59.Of the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities. AA. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references60.The only privately-financed university in Britain is ________. CA. OxfordB. CambridgeC. BuckinghamD. University of London61.In Britain, it is no exaggeration to say that the media can ________. BA. shape the public opinionsB. promote people’s moral standardsC. influence the rule of a governmentD. determine people’s political orientation62.The oldest national newspaper in Britain is ________. CA. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph63.Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of ________. CA. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph64.The top pay television provider in Britain is ________. DA. ITVB. BSBC. SkyTVD. BSkyB65.Of the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays. DA. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other's companyD. families traveling overseas66.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________. AA. Trooping the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime67.In Britain, for churchgoers, the most important Christian festival is _______. AA. EasterB. ChristmasC. Boxing DayD. Remembrance Sunday68.The most important work by authors in the Middle English period is _______. BA. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. The Tragic History of Dr. FaustusD. Areopagitica69.Shakespeare’s 37 plays fall into three categories except _______. CA. comedyB. tragedyC. fantasyD. historic play70.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is ________. BA. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet71.Gulliver’s Travel was written by ________. AA. Jonathan SwiftB. John MiltonC. Alexander PopeD. Daniel Defoe72.The major “second generation” of Romantic poets included the following except ________. DA. Lord ByronB. Percy ShelleyC. John KeatsD. William Wordsworth73.________ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence". CA. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"B. Don JuanC. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads"D. Prometheus Unbound74.In the Victorian era, the leading form of literature was ________. CA. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet75.The distinguished English women novelists of the 19th century are the following except ________. DA. Jane AustenB. the Bronte sistersC. George EliotD. Virginia Woolf76.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo- Romanticism. CA. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".D. Treasure Island was a representative work.77.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. DA. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group".B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.78.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. BA. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD.V.S. Naipaul79.The island of Ireland is separated from mainland Europe by ________. AA. the Celtic SeaB. the Irish SeaC. the North SeaD. the English Channel80.The largest city in Ireland is ________. AA. DublinB. CorkC. WaterfordD. Galway81.________ established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6th century BC. BA. Hunter-gatherers from BritainB. Celtic tribesC. British invadersD. Viking Danes82.The ________ resulted in the Irish Civil War. CA. Act of UnionB. Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceC. Anglo-Irish TreatyD. Anglo-Irish Agreement83.Under the leadership of Prime Minister John A. Costello, a series of legislation was passed in Ireland in order to ________. AA. reduce inflation and living costB. reduce secondary industry and productionC. establish better social welfare systemD. build closer political relation with the UK84.By 1980, the following except ________ were all serious problems in the Irish society. BA. inflationB. budget deficitC. unemploymentD. foreign debt85.Ireland declared itself a republic in ________, completely independent of Britain. CA. 1900B. 1939C. 1949D. 195986.In 1985, after successful negotiation with the British Prime Minister ________, Ireland signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement with the UK. AA. Margaret ThatcherB. Tony BlairC. Mary RobinsonD. Albert Reynolds87.Ireland is called "the Celtic Tiger" because of its ________. BA. aggressive foreign policiesB. rapid economic growthC. growing emigrationD. vigorous economic reform88.Ireland has four main political parties including ________. BA. Fianna FailB. the Democratic PartyC. the Labor PartyD. Fine Gael89.In Ireland, most people are ________. AA. Roman CatholicB. ProtestantC. MuslimD. Orthodox Christian90.In Ireland, the head of state is the ________. BA. Prime MinisterB. PresidentC. British monarchD. General GovernorPart Two True or False1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe----the Britons. T4.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. T5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House. T6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. F7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products. F8.The fishing industry provides more than 50% of Britain's demand for fish. T9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world. F10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. T11.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder. T12.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad. T13.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws. F14.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue. F15.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom. T16.The King James Bible is considered to be in Modern English. T17.Magna Carta was made in the interest of the lower class. F18.The British Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalists known as the Cavaliers and Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads. T19.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T20.The Parliament is supreme decision-making body in the British government. F21.Before World War II, the leadership of Britain was almost continually in the hands of the Conservative Party. T22.The British Empire is the successor of the Commonwealth of Nations. F23.During Thatcher’s leadership, the power of the trade unions was curbed. T24.In Britain, there are two parallel school systems for primary and secondary school. One is the state system. The other is the occupational system. F25.The Boxing Day falls on the day after Easter. F26.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century. T27.T. S. Eliot was the leading figure of the modernist movement in English poetry. T28.After WWII, Ireland had slightly a better economy when Britain and mainland Europe experienced economic devastation. F29.Fianna Fail, originally part of Sinn Fein, is the largest party in Ireland. T30.Ireland is the second country with the lowest population density. FPart Three Blank Filling1.The Great Britain is geographically and historically divided into three parts: England, Scotland, and_Wales_.2.During the period of William the Conqueror, _French_, spoken by the Normans, replaced English as the official language in England, while English was only used by thelower class.3._The Hundred Years' War_ (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne.4.the _enclosure movement_ (圈地运动) deprived many small landowners of their property. This new class of "landless laborer" now had to seek paid employment from thelarge landowner or to find work in the rapidly growing industrial areas.5.The _Industrial Revolution_ began in the textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions, such as the Spinning Jenny.6.Britain refused to join the European _Economic_ Community (EEC) when it was founded in the 1950s.7.As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature, _the executive_ and the judiciary.8.The _House of Commons_, though often referred to as the Lower House, is the center of parliamentary power.9.The government is made up of the _Prime Minister_, the Cabinet ministers, and assistants to the ministers.10.The headquarters and the standing bodies of the Commonwealth of Nations are all located in _London_.11.Now, education in Britain is divided into four stages: primary, secondary, further education and _higher education_.12.The _British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (英国广播公司)_, affectionately referred to as the "Beeb" or "Auntie Beeb", is Britain's main public service broadcaster.13.One of Britain's most impressive and colorful festivals takes place on the second Saturday in June, when the Queen's official birthday is officially celebrated with_"Trooping the Color''_ around Buckingham Palace in London, which is also known as the Queen's Birthday Parade.14.The capital city of Ireland is _Dublin_, which straddles the mouth of the River Liffey, which flows through the city center.15.There are two dominant official languages in Ireland, _Gaelic(or Irish)_ and English.16.Edinburgh, the capital of _Scotland_, is famous for the University of Edinburgh, one of the largest universities in Britain.17.At present, nearly _a quarter_ of the world's population use English. It has become a universal lingua franca.18.After Richard I, son of Henry II, was killed in France, his brother John ascended the throne in 1199. Dissatisfied with John's leadership, the lords forced him to sign the_Magna Carla(大宪章)_, or the Great Charter, as it is more commonly referred to, on June 15, 1215.19.The _Wars of the Roses_ (1455-1485) was a series of civil wars between two great noble families: the House of York (约克王室), whose badge was a white rose, and theHouse of Lancaster.20.The process of decolonization transformed the British Empire into _the Commonwealth of Nations_.21.Besides Oxford, _Cambridge_ is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in Britain.22.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, _Romanticism_ appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It is a revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism.23.The 20th-century English literature can be roughly divided into two periods: Modernism and _Postmodernism_.24._James Joyce (1882-1941)_, an Irish novelist, is another of the novel Ulysses.25.The island of Ireland is the _second_ largest island in Europe.26._Sinn Fein (新芬党)_ was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Arthur Griffith, leader supporting Irish home rule. By 1910, it had become the country'sdominant political party.27._Standard English_ is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media. It is also called Queen'sEnglish or BBC English.28.The full name of Britain is the _United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland_.29._England_ is the most populous and wealthiest part of Britain.30.In Britain, the majority of the population is descendants of _the Anglo-Saxons_, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries. Part Four Short-Answer Questions1.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modem English.2.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after WWII?Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.3.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy。

19春华中师《英语国家国情与文化-美国》在线作业[第二套]答案

19春华中师《英语国家国情与文化-美国》在线作业[第二套]答案
Cthelargestimporterintheworldmarket
powerintheworld
[仔细阅读以上试题,并作出选择]
正确选择:C
9、The______turnedouttobeAmerica’slongestwarithadeverfought.( )
AFirstWorldWar
ARonaldReagan
BRichardNixon
CJimmyCarter
DGeraldFord
[仔细阅读以上试题,并作出选择]
正确选择:B
6、ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesexercisesthe_____power.
Alegislative
Bexecutive
Cjudicial
[仔细阅读以上试题,并作出选择]
正确选择:C
13、TheAmericanConstitutionwasfinallyadoptedin1789byanarrowmarginontheunderstandingthat______aftertheConstitutioncameintoforce.
AWashingtonwouldbepresidentoftheU.S.
Dveto
[仔细阅读以上试题,并作出选择]
正确选择:B
7、In“OldManandSea”,Hemingwaypraisestheoldman’sattitudetowards( ).
Adefeatandfailure
Bthesea
Chiswork
Dnature
[仔细阅读以上试题,并作出选择]
正确选择:A
15、ThelargestracialandethnicminorityintheU.S.isthe______,whichaccountsover12.1%ofthepopulation.

英语国家国情(1)

英语国家国情(1)

英语国家国情The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1Full name of Britain: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland British Isles(大不列颠群岛)is divided into 2 parts that is Great Britain and Ireland. The island of Great Britain divided into 3 parts: England, Scotland and Wales.The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.In 1949, the Republic of Ireland is an independent country.Compare:England-largest part of Great Britain (130,281 square kilometers)-the capital of England and the United Kingdom-located in the south of the island, with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north-The River Thames (the second longest river and most important river in Britain)-highly urbanizedScotland-occupy the northern part of Britain (78,772 square kilometers)-the second largest of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom-The Clyde River (克赖德河)is the most important river in the Scotland-capital of Scotland: Edinburgh(爱丁堡)-Tourism is one of Scotland’s most important industries.Wales-most densely populated parts of central England-20,780 squarekilometers-capital: Cardiff(加的夫)-The Severn River(塞文河):The longest river of Britain (originates in mid-Wales and flows through western England)-language: WelshNorthern Ireland-smallest-14,135 square kilometers-capital: Belfast (贝尔法斯特)。

英语国家国情文化课程Culture

英语国家国情文化课程Culture

英语国家国情文化课程CultureChapter 1A brief introduction to cultureGoalsDefinitions related to culture Case study by cross-culture communication Improve your culture awareness Language and culture2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen2ContentsI. Culture II. Characteristics of culture III. Components of culture IV. More related to culture V. Language VI. The English language VII. The importance of language VIII. Language and culture IX. Culture and Meaning X. Culture and the Use of Language XI. Foreign language and translation2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen3definitionculturecharacteristicscomponents2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen4Reflection 1When you hear or say “culture”, what do you mean? Read the following 4 definitions of culture. What can you learn fromthem?2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen5I. CultureDefinition 1 “the software of the mind”---the social programmingthat runs the way we think, act and perceive ourselves and others. In other words, your brain is simply that hardware that runs the cultural programming. The implication is that culture is not innate(天生的).2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen6Definition 2“Culture is a set of learned core values, beliefs, standards, knowledge, morals, laws, and behaviors shared by individuals and societies that determine how an individual acts, feels, and views oneself and others. A society’s culture is passed from generation to generation, and aspects such as language, religion, customs and laws are interrelated---that is, a society’s view of authority, morals and ethics will eventually manifest itself in how an individual does business, negotiates a contract or deals with a potential business relation ship.”note Find some keys wordsDefinition 3 “We defined the culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience,beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, role, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in thecourse of generations through individual and group striving.”noteHave you found some keys words in each of them?Geert Hofstede’s classification for national culturenoteDefinition 4 Individualism vs. collectivism (China vs. US) Power-Distance (low power distance more individualistic in nature, accept more responsibility) Uncertainty-Avoidance (Change is risky business ) Masculinity vs. Femininity (Aggressive and assertive while acquiring material, interpersonal relationships ) Polychronic vs. Monochronic2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen9Reflection 2Can you figure out the characteristics of culture from the above definitions?2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen10II. Characteristics of culture(Larry A. Samovar & Lisa A. Stefani) 1. Culture is learned 2. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation 3. Culture is based on symbol 4. Culture is subject to change 5. Culture is integrated 6. Culture is ethnocentric 7. Culture is adaptive 2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen11Reflection 3How can you learn culture ?All rights reserved haihuachen121.Culture is learned 1.The value of privacy2.Demonstrate the male orientation in the US by implying the home belongs to the manA. through proverbs 1) Strike while the iron is hot. In US, people value who take quick action. Even the problemPseoolvpilnegartecehnnciqouerasgeadretoc“hsapreaa ckteuripz”eadnbdy impulsive rather mthaakne sreufrlectthiveeir vmiewthsoadsre. h2e) aArdman’s home is his castle.3) The squeaky wheel gets the grease. 4) God helps those who help themselves.Call attention to the strong belief in US that people should show initiative2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen13B. from folk tales, legends, and myths 1) the folk tale Cinderella 2) King Arthur and His Round TableC. through art 1) a trip to any museum2) architectureD. through mass media2011-9-1All rights reserved haihuachen14Reflection 41. “Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart.”2. “Those who know do not talk, those who talk not know.”All rights reserved haihuachen152.Culture is transmitted from generation to generation☆1) All the past is here. ☆2) Any break in the lear ning chain would lead to aculture’s disappearance.3.Culture is based on symbols☆1) Human culture without language is unthinkable. ☆2) People can use a cross, crescent(新月), or six-pointed star to show the love of GOD4.Culture is subject to change☆ 1) Innovation (革新)☆ 2) Diffusion(传播)☆ 3) Acculturation(文化适应)A type of cultural change, “occurs when a society undergoes drastic culture change under the influence of a more dominant culture and society with which it has come in contact.”)5.Culture is inte grated ☆ An example: the civil rights movement in the USThis movement has brought about changes in housing patterns, discrimination practices, educational opportunities, the legal system, career opportunities, and even communication. Hence, this one aspect of culture has altered American attitudes, values, and behaviors.6.Culture is ethnocentric(民族中心的)☆ Anthropologists (人类学者) generally agree thatethnocentrism is found in every culture.7.Culture is adaptive ☆ History abounds with examples of how cultures havechanged because of laws, shifts in values, natural disaster, wars.。

主要英语国家国情-名词解释

主要英语国家国情-名词解释

主要英语国家国情-名词解释名词解释1. LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. Itis dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial centers of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2. The Good Friday AgreementAs a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreementwas approved on 10 April 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom andit won’t change its political status unless the majority of the peopleof Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.3. The functions of ParliamentThe functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation,to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.4. The formation of the government651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in theparliament forms the government, with its party leader as the Primes Minister.5. Main sectors of the UK economyThe UK national economy can be divided into three main areas:primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing and mining; secondary industries which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary ( or service) industries such as banking, insurance, tourism and the retailing.6. RomanticismthRoughly the first third of the 19 century makes up Englishliterature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. Thespirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.7. Comprehensive schoolsComprehensive schools are the most secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academicabilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academicsubjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking.8. Quality papersThey belong to one of the categories of the national dailies. The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance. They also carry reviews, such as book reviews, and feature articles about high culture. These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets” because they are printed on large-size paper.The readers of such newspaper are generally awell-educated middle class audience.9. TabloidsA tabloid is a small format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines. Tabloids are interested in scandals and gossip usually about famous people. They also carry lots of crime, sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinions than face. They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.10. The three traditions of Christmas in BritainThere are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message toher realm over the television and radio. A third British tradition is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.11. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.11. Industrial Revolution in AmericaAfter independence, America was principally an agricultural country. The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the “America system” of mass production. A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial task. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization—the bank and the corporation.12. Three Faiths in the USBy the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come tin three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups.13. The “Lost Generation”In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced aliterature of disillusionment. Some lived in Europe. Theywere known as the “Lost Generation”. Two of the mostrepresentative writer of the “Lost Generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.14. The Servicemen’s Readjustment ActThe Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed in 1944. It was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights”. GI was anickname for the American soldier. The nickname came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”—theuniforms and other articles “issued” t o a soldier. The Act promised financial aid, including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces.15. Greensboro sit-inOn February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at a department store lunch counter and ordered coffee. When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state. The next day, more students joined them. Thus began the civil rights movement, which spread from the south to the n orth. Later, this quiet “sit-in” became the major non-violent directaction tactics to be used by black civil rights activists. 16. Ragtime musicRagtime music refers to a type of piano music of black US origin, popular in the 1920s. Originally based on tunes for marching bands ragtime music is marked by a syncopated melodic line with a regularaccented bass. Ragtime music has been popularized by such composers as Scott Joplin whose “Maple Leaf Rag” published in 1896 was hailed as the first popular ragtime tune, still listened to with pleasure by all jazz fans.。

结合中国国情的英语作文

结合中国国情的英语作文

结合中国国情的英语作文Title: The Unique Characteristics of China's National Conditions。

Introduction:China, with its rich history, diverse culture, and vast territory, possesses unique national conditions that shape its development and influence its people's lives. In this essay, we will explore some of the key aspects of China's national conditions and how they have contributed to the country's progress.1. Unity in Diversity:China is home to 56 ethnic groups, each with its own language, customs, and traditions. This diversity has fostered a sense of unity among the Chinese people, as they embrace their differences and work towards common goals. The government has implemented policies to protect andpromote the cultures of minority groups, ensuring social harmony and stability.2. Rapid Urbanization:China's rapid urbanization is a defining feature of its national conditions. Over the past few decades, millions of people have migrated from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living standards. This mass movement has led to the creation of mega-cities and the emergence of a middle class, driving economic growth and transforming the country's social landscape.3. Socialist Market Economy:China's economic system, known as the socialist market economy, combines elements of central planning with market forces. This unique blend allows the government to maintain control over key sectors while encouraging private enterprise and foreign investment. The result has been remarkable economic growth, lifting millions out of poverty and making China the world's second-largest economy.4. One-Party Rule:China's political system is characterized by one-party rule, with the Communist Party of China (CPC) holding power. This centralized governance structure has enabled the government to implement long-term development plans and maintain stability. The Chinese people have shown supportfor this system, valuing social harmony and economic progress over political pluralism.5. Technological Advancements:China's commitment to technological advancements has propelled it to the forefront of innovation. The government has invested heavily in research and development, resulting in breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and high-speed rail. These technological achievements have not only improved the lives of Chinese citizens but also positioned China as a global leader in various industries.6. Environmental Challenges:China's rapid economic growth has come at a cost to its environment. The country faces significant challenges in areas such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Recognizing the importance of sustainable development, the government has taken steps to address these issues, implementing stricter environmental regulations and promoting green initiatives.Conclusion:China's national conditions are a unique blend of history, culture, politics, and economics. The country's unity in diversity, rapid urbanization, socialist market economy, one-party rule, technological advancements, and environmental challenges all contribute to its distinct character. Understanding and appreciating these national conditions is essential for anyone seeking to comprehend China's development and its role in the global arena.。

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A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国,我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。

大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战。

然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。

一方面,帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前,只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。

英国不再是一个帝国的国家,尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式,而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分,和国家之间的密切关系,至少它通过一个松散的维持(自愿)组织的联系称为英联邦国家。

但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国1973年以来的成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格。

它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家,是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。

另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。

从这些英联邦国家,这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。

他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见的。

这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。

英国认为谁,很多人认为的英国绅士。

但是,这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正的有效性今天。

英国是一个国家,一个单一的护照,和一个政府及对其所有的主权,但作为国家的大力顾名思义,它是由不同的元素组成。

它包括4一个国家内的部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份,完成设置。

因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。

但是,这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个,也许是最简单的,不同的是分裂联合王国。

有人已经指出,英国现在是一个多种族社会,这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化,这与他们并肩坐在一起,与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面,例如,许多穆斯林,而大多数(名英国人至少)是基督教徒。

并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实,男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。

此外,英国经济分为:它是一个阶级结构的社会。

很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性,因为结构的过程中,大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度,但它确实可以说,对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。

一名工厂工人,他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪,父亲是一名股票经纪人,不同的文化:他们将倾向于读不同的报纸,看不同的电视节目,用不同的说话口音,在做不同的事情他们的自由时间,对自己的孩子有不同的期望。

另一个不同之处,这标志着英国社会就是区域。

即使在四个国家,每个地区的不同:高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义,例如:北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同,但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图,只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。

然而,有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础,南部平均较富裕的北方。

部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别,这标志着英国社会,一个可以看到在许多社会中,但有可能尤其明显,在英国,也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。

伦敦是在该国南部,并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。

这是迄今为止该国最大的城市,约占全国人口的七分之一,它是政府的所在地,它是文化中心,这里是所有的主要报纸,电视台,与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊,剧院和博物馆。

此外它是商业中心,在英国大公司总部的绝大多数,是国家的金融中心,三个主要的国际金融中心之一。

因此,它结合了北京,上海,广州,还是纽约,华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能,在一个城市。

并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用,也许西安呢!伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力,并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家中休息。

England Population (1994) 48.7 million (UK total 58.4 million) Area 130 423 km2 (UK total 241 752 km2)英国是一个高度城市化的国家,其80个城市的人口居住在%,而只有2的农业劳动人口%。

其最大的城市是首都,伦敦,这是在英国统治在各个领域:政府,金融,和文化。

英国物理上的四国最大的,它是迄今最多的人口。

在规模优势,这反映在文化和经济优势也具有其结果是外国人士有时约英格兰交谈时他们指的是英国的错误。

值得注意的是,在英国的人有时也犯类似的错误,但在其他三个国家的人不会:他们会称自己为英国(如可能的英文),否则可能会称自己为苏格兰或威尔士和爱尔兰,但是,他们肯定不会自称(或喜欢被称为)英语。

因此,奇怪的是,四国,英国大多数英国人认为,因此,作为一个独立的“英语”对自己最薄弱的文化,在英国。

英国历史上一直是侵略的历史。

之前,公元一世纪,英国是组成许多人的凯尔特部落王国:一个强大的文化源自欧洲中部。

在43AD当时英国入侵的罗马帝国,英格兰和威尔士(虽然不是苏格兰和爱尔兰),成为了近400年罗马帝国的一部分。

由于罗马帝国受到来自东面的威胁来了,罗马军队和罗马保护撤出英国,英国再次为小王国分裂,它再次受到来自外部的威胁,这从日耳曼民族时间:角度,和撒克逊人。

其中最著名的传说源于英文本的时间。

在公元5世纪,据说是一位伟大的领导人出现,统一了英国人,他的神奇的剑,神剑,推动了撒克逊人回来。

这是亚瑟王的故事,并已通过歌手,诗人,小说家,甚至制片人至今点缀。

虽然亚瑟王的真实存在的疑问,您可以访问他的传说,如悬崖边缘的廷塔杰尔城堡在康沃尔,相关的地方。

根据传说亚瑟的骑士聚集一公司给他,谁坐在阿瑟一起在卡米洛特城堡(可能是真实的吉百利在萨默塞特山山顶堡垒)。

他的骑士之间的冲突导致亚瑟创造了著名的“圆桌会议”时,都将具有相同优先级。

这也许可以看作是在其中的英国人,也希望看到他们都不是一个远程君主独裁者其他方式的指标,并在管理成为一个更民主的制度,逐步约束君主的事实,而不是完全拒绝它。

不管亚瑟的成功,不是传说,但并没有持续,对盎格鲁撒克逊人确实成功地入侵英国,要么吸收凯尔特人人,或迫使他们到英国西部和北部边缘。

尽管人们对当代英语亚瑟王认为他们的英雄,他实在是对他们的斗争,这些盎格鲁撒克逊侵略者英语的祖先,在“角创始人土地”或“英格兰”,因为它成为众所周知的。

两个侵略者的团体来英国后,从8世纪后期的:,袭击者来自斯堪的纳维亚,凶恶的海盗,威胁到英国的海岸。

在英格兰长大,他们的定居点,直到英格兰北部和东部的广大地区在其控制。

届时,英国的英雄是真正的英语(盎格鲁撒克逊人),如阿尔弗雷德大帝,谁把在打击海盗南部的潮流。

仍然有一定的这一天北方人之间在英国,南方人的文化鸿沟的同时不自觉地“撒克逊人”与“丹麦人”,可能在这个时候它的起源。

较富裕的南方人倾向于认为是自己的尖端不到北方人,而北方人认为南方人傲慢和不友好的。

它们还具有明显的特点是不同的口音。

下一个侵略者的诺曼,来自法国北部,谁都是海盗的后裔。

在诺曼底威廉(称为“征服者威廉”),他们在1066年越过英吉利海峡,并在黑斯廷斯战役,哈罗德国王下击败英国军队。

这标志着最后一次从外部入侵成功地在英伦三岛的军队。

威廉了英国王位,成为英国威廉第一。

在伦敦,在伦敦,他城堡建中心大楼,今日依然适用。

诺曼并没有解决任何英格兰很大程度上:进口,而他们的统治阶级。

接下来的三百年可以看作是一个诺曼(和法语)贵族统治一个主要撒克逊和英语的人口。

正是这种局势产生了英格兰的英雄传说另一个。

这是罗宾汉,由诺曼,谁成为非法压迫Saxonnobleman,并与他的“快乐男人”带传说藏在舍伍德森林在英格兰北部的中部。

从这个秘密的地方,武装他们的长弓,然后他们出去抢劫从富人送给穷人。

这种早期的英国社会主义(!)有特色,在许多电视剧和电影,英国和美国。

一些作家已经看到在这个绿木隐藏着的英文字符的线索:内容丰富,非常规的内部生活的外部符合隐藏的叛乱传奇受欢迎。

但是,像所有成见,这一项在很多英国人,尤其是年轻人,喜欢展示他们的unconvenionality 外部其弱点,,例如英国朋克摇滚乐队与他们的生动头发染高低不平。

但是,确实有许多英国房屋的死气沉沉方面隐瞒美丽的后花园。

园艺是英国最受欢迎的消闲活动之一,并在后花园提供了一个地方,人们的户外生活在家里就可以进行公众的目光。

对比这可能与其他国家的户外生活可能更多的社会正面看路人门廊由坐在人。

在未来数百年诺曼入侵后,可以被看作是连接在一起的英国统治下的不列颠群岛的各个部分的过程,因此有英国的身份最终成为淹没通过一项更广泛的英国身份的必要性,既要团结王国内部,并提出一个单一的身份对外英国成为一个帝国。

与此同时,权力从君主逐渐移交给议会。

查尔斯第一企图推翻于17世纪40年代导致内战中,议会的力量取得了胜利,国王被处决议会。

经过11个,其中英国是由国会领导人,克伦威尔,恢复君主制统治多年的差距。

与议会和国王的冲突导致从宝座取消苏格兰的斯图亚特房子,威廉和玛丽从荷兰进口采取王位,从而最终建立对朝廷议会的统治地位。

.Scotland Population: 5.111 million Area: 77 080km2苏格兰是第二个最大的四个国家,无论是在人口和地理区域。

这也是最有信心自己的身份之一,因为只有非英语了它先前花了相当长一段历史的英国组件作为统一国家的英国独立。

因此,它不是一个大的飞跃苏格兰想象自己独立了。

在身体上,苏格兰是英国最坚固的一部分,是人烟稀少的山区和北部的湖泊区,(苏格兰高地)和南部(南高地)。

三,在低地地区的人口生活宿舍,跨越这两个国家的高地地区。

最大城市格拉斯哥,在这个区域西面。

苏格兰首府爱丁堡市,在东海岸40英里的距离格拉斯哥。

这是著名的有美,其占主导地位的大城堡,在市中心的高的岩石。

这两个城市都拥有古老的和国际上知名大学从15世纪以来。

苏格兰不是罗马人征服,但他们曾经尝试,并占领了一段时间至于北部高原区的边缘。

然而,维持他们的统治有困难,导致他们撤退到线大致相当于英格兰和苏格兰之间的现代边界。

沿着这条线,从海到海,他们像中国,建立了一堵墙,以纪念他们的域的北部边缘,并帮助保卫它。

它被称为“哈德良长城”之后,罗马皇帝在其建设的时间,虽然毁了,它的长度仍然可以看到并沿着。

也不是苏格兰最征服盎格鲁撒克逊人,虽然英国的角度是在东南成立,因此,爱丁堡的日耳曼名字。

英国凯尔特人流离失所由撒克逊入侵南部被占领靠近了现在格拉斯哥,在这同一时期(约公元六世纪)的人从北爱尔兰入侵西南地区。

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