【中式英语】什么是平行结构
平行结构
并列结构
平行结构，即并列结构：
由连词连接两个或 两个以上对等的语言成分构成。 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句
对连接词连接的成分要求：
形式对称
功能相同（充当同样的句子成分） 时态平衡
常见的并列连词
1. 递进关系：and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,not…nor…, besides, furthermore, moreover, nevertheless 选择关系： or, either…or…, otherwise, whether…or… 转折对比关系： but, yet, whereas, while, still 因果关系： so, therefore, consequently When：“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time
以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词
e.g.
Mrs. Brown is both and gentle to his pupils. Neither has Pauline wanted toand 还可表其他意义
He is Jack of all trades and master of none. 转折 He opened the door and went in. 顺序 He heard a cry for help, and he rushed out of the house. 因果 Think it over again and you’ll find a way out. 结果
5. The old man spoke to the girl again, raising her voice, but still no answer. A. received B. receiving C. had received D. to receive 6. many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having told
英语中的平行结构例说
英语中的平行结构例说作者：李颖来源：《新校园·学习版》2010年第05期平行结构指的是相同的语法结构,它要求有同等重要的思想、概念,并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达,要用并列连词连接。
它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调,从而增加语言的连贯性。
平行结构常常使用并列连词,如and, but, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, not…but等,我们在使用这些并列连词时要注意它们所连接的应该是名词和名词,副词和副词,分词和分词,不定式和不定式,动词对动词,句子和句子等,而不能把其中的一个概念用分词结构表达,而把另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达,否则就违反了平行结构的准则。
平行结构主要有以下几种类型。
1.名词平行结构The patient’s symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache. 病人的症状是发烧、头晕和头痛。
2.形容词、副词平行结构①Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。
②The work is handsomely and skillfully done. 这项工作做得漂亮,有水平。
3.分词平行结构①The boys were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩子们一边跑,一边喊叫着、笑着。
②The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted. 老人回到了家里,筋疲力竭,非常失望。
4.动名词平行结构①Henry’s work is reading books and writing book reviews. 亨利的工作是读读书,写写书评。
②Alice said she’d prefer swimming to playing tennis in such hot weather. 爱丽斯说在这样的热天她宁愿游泳而不去打网球。
英语中的平行结构 Parallelism
thoroughly
4. The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers.
Types---Parallel clauses
A father who spends time with his son and who thoughtfully answers his son’s question will be respected and loved.
Types---Parallel sentences
他是个智力贫乏、不学无术、喜怒无常的人。
他——正直,善良,坦荡,风趣,可爱,开朗,乐观,优雅,迷人,精力充沛, 爱憎分明,张扬又内敛,专情又风情,纯真又性感,温柔又彪悍…… 最重要的是，他未婚。
Types---Parallel phrases
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
什么是平行结构
not …but
• He goes to school not by bus, but on foot.
Not only… but also
• She is not only good at mathematics, but also she is interested in English. • They not only talked but also shouted and laughed. • She not only plays well, but also writes music.
句子的平行
• 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔 记使人准确。 • Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
句子的并列 Should scientists go into research, or should they teach, or should they work in industry.
• I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom.
• Writing is a skill like driving, typing or cooking.
平行结构的区分
• 表示因果关系的连词 so, for • 表示递进关系的then. • 表示让步关系的yet, • 以上并列连词连接的并列句都不是 平行结构。 • 因为平行结构地位应该是一样的。 没有特别的逻辑关系。
I prefer a college to a job. I prefer staying in college to finding a job.
简析平行结构与独立主格结构
简析平行结构与独立主格结构简析平行结构与独立主格结构导语：平行结构是指在论证某个观点或论题时，将其分解成具有一定联系的几个方面来加以论述，而这几个方面都是从属于中心论题或观点的，它们之间地位平等，呈平行关系。
而独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。
下面YJBYS店铺向大家介绍平行结构与独立主格结构，欢迎参考!平行结构1、连词连接的平行结构1)并列连词and.but.as well as.or else,both and.either or,neithernor.not only but also,whether or,rather than等以及从属连词than均可连接平行结构。
e.g Shs is a beautiful and elegant woman.她是一位美丽而优雅的女子。
2)连接的非谓语动词形式一致e.g Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.有人觉得游戏远比坐在家里读书有趣。
3)连接的谓语形式一致e.g This is the lady who listens to the poor and ministers to their wants.这就是那位能倾听穷人意见并照顾他们需要的女士4)连接的句子结构一致e.g He asked me whether I had received the check and whether I had cashed it.他问我是否收到了支票并把它兑换成现金了。
2、特定的平行结构1)prefer后面接的'平行结构 prefer to do sthprefer sth.go sthprefer doing(sth).to doing(sth) prefer to do(sth)ratherthan do(sth)2)在would /had rather/sooner以及would/had as soon as 结构中要用平行结构would/had as soon do (sth ) as do (sth)e.g I would as soon stay at home as go shopping. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去逛街购物独立主格结构独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
全国高考英语中的并列平行结构
全国高考英语中的并列平行结构平行结构是指在句子中使用相同的结构形式进行并列表达，以增强句子的表达力和语言的连贯性。
在全国高考英语考试中，平行结构经常出现在作文和阅读理解等题型中。
下面是一些常见的并列平行结构的例子，供参考：1.并列的动词短语：- They work hard and play hard.（他们工作努力，玩得痛快。
）- He came, he saw, and he conquered.（他来了，他看到了，他征服了。
）- She danced, sang, and laughed.（她跳舞、唱歌、大笑。
）2.并列的形容词短语：- The book is interesting, informative, and well-written.（这本书有趣、信息丰富、写得好。
）- He is tall, handsome, and intelligent.（他又高又帅又聪明。
）3.并列的副词短语：- She plays the piano skillfully and gracefully.（她演奏钢琴技巧娴熟、优雅。
）- He drives carefully and responsibly.（他开车小心谨慎、负责任。
）- They spoke loudly and confidently.（他们大声、自信地说话。
）4.并列的介词短语：- He walked into the room with a smile on his face and a spring in his step.（他面带微笑、步履轻快地走进了房间。
）- She bought a new dress for the party in red and black.（她买了一到红色和黑色的新衣服去参加派对。
）- I traveled to Europe by train and by ferry.（我乘火车和渡轮去了欧洲。
英语语法中的平行结构
英语语法中的平行结构一．连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.4.所连接的句子结构必须一致例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him. 例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.二、某些特定的固定结构。
英语写作中的句子结构技巧
英语写作中的句子结构技巧在英语写作中，良好的句子结构是非常重要的，它能够帮助我们更好地表达思想，使文章通顺流畅。
本文将介绍几个英语写作中常用的句子结构技巧，帮助读者提升英语写作水平。
1. 平行结构（Parallel Structure）平行结构是指在句子中平行使用相同类型的词、短语或从句，使句子结构更加一致。
这种结构常用于列举、并列关系的表达和对比。
例如：(1) We came, we saw, we conquered.我们来了，我们看到了，我们征服了。
(2) The weather is not only hot but also humid.天气不仅炎热而且潮湿。
(3) He likes swimming, hiking, and playing tennis.他喜欢游泳、徒步旅行和打网球。
2. 倒装结构（Inversion）倒装结构在英语写作中可以起到突显和强调的作用，也可以用于修辞和句子平衡。
常见的倒装结构有完全倒装和部分倒装。
例如：(1) Not only did she pass the exam, but she also got the highest score.她不仅通过了考试，而且还得到了最高分。
(2) Little did I know that he was planning a surprise party for me.我并不知道他正在为我策划一场惊喜派对。
(3) Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
3. 并列句（Compound Sentences）并列句使用并列连词（如and, but, or等）将两个独立的句子连接在一起，使句子更加丰富多样，并能够表达并列关系。
例如：(1) She is studying hard for the exam, but she also finds time to relax.她为了考试而努力学习，但她也找到时间放松。
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平行结构是指，一致的观点以一致的形式来表达，是英语中最基本且
最有价值的格式
策略。这种结构不仅满足了语序和平衡要求，更重要的是突出了观点
之间的联系。
• Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and
wise.
• It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us — that
from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for
which they
gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that
these dead
shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new
birth of
freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the
people shall
not perish from the earth.
• Where there's a will there's a way.
• Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen
nineteen six, result
happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty
pounds ought
and six, result misery.
当句子中两个及两个以上的一致的元素以一致的语法形式表达时，读
者能更容易辨别
其逻辑关系。这个法则适用于任何长度或语法种类：
• 单词：healthy, wealthy, and wise.
一连三个单独的形容词，都是修饰"man"
• 短语：of the people, by the people, and for the people.
三个同样长度的介词短语，都是修饰"government"，通过重复宾语
"people"加强
了平行性
• 分句：Where there's a will there's a way.
同样模式的独立短分句，通过头韵（will/way）强调了平行性
• 句子：Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen
nineteen six,
result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure
twenty pounds
ought and six, result misery.
两个句子是差不多的长度，和完全相同的模式，通过同样单词（annual
income
twenty pounds, annual expenditure, result）和反义词（happiness/misery）
的使用
强调了两者间的平行性
两个或两个以上的句子成分以平行的语法形式向读者呈现了其平行
的意思，其结构上
的相似性呈现了其逻辑上的相似性，便于读者理解。
平行结构的难点
1.句子成分以并列连词连接（"and","or"等）
2.句子成分以所谓的关联连词连接（"both…and","not only…but also"
等）
3.以一列或一串标题形式出现的项目（如报告中的副标题）
4.句子成分之间为比较关系