大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版9_中文-1-1
计算机专业英语教程翻译完整版
1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业英语第九章部分翻译
COMMUNICATION CHANNELSCommunication channels are an essential element of every communication system. These channels actually carry the data from one computer to another. There are two categories of communication channels. One category connects sending and receiving devices by providing a physical connection such as a wire or cable. The other category is wireless.沟通渠道是一个至关重要的元素的每个通信系统。
这些渠道实际上把数据从一台计算机到另一个。
有两个类别的沟通渠道。
一个类别连接发送和接收设备通过提供一个物理连接导线或电缆等。
另一类是无线。
PHYSICAL CONNECTIONSPhysical connections use a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. These connections include telephone lines (twisted pair), coaxial cable,and fiber-optic cable.物理连接使用固体介质连接发送和接收设备。
这些连接包括电话线路(双绞线)、同轴电缆和光纤电缆。
Telephone lines you see strung on poles consist of twisted-pair cable,which is made up of hundreds of copper wires. A single twisted pair culminates in a wall jack into which you can plug your phone and computer. (See Figure 9-3.) Telephone lines have been the standard transmission medium for years for both voice and data. However, they are now being phased out by more technically advanced and reliable media.Coaxial cable, a high-frequency transmission cable, replaces the multiple wires of telephone lines with a single solid-copper core. (See Figure 9-4.) In terms of the number of telephone connections, a coaxial cable has over 80 times the transmission capacity of twisted pair.Coaxial cable is used to deliver television signals as well as to connect computers in a network..电话线路你看到两极串在由双绞线,是由数以百计的铜线。
大学英语基础口语教程2第二版答案unit9
大学英语基础口语教程2第二版答案unit9Paper （试卷） (90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete the dialogue.1. — Would you like to go with me for a movie tonight?—______.（） [单选题] *A. You name itB. I hope you don’t mindC. If I can finish my homeworkD. Thank you for inviting me.(正确答案)2. —Oh, I am feeling dizzy now. You know I have just enjoyed much beer. —Really? Don’t you know it is a very important party? ______.（） [单选题] *A. Behave yourselfB. Mind how you go(正确答案)C. Mind your own businessD. Watch your back3. —Caroline must have left since your train arrived so late. —To my surprise, I found her waiting for me at the station. —______!（） [单选题] *A. What a pityB. How kindC. Good for herD. No kidding(正确答案)4. —Well, it is time for boarding.—______.（） [单选题] *A. Nice to meet youB. Have a nice partyC. I hope you will soon feel betterD. I wish you a pleasant journey(正确答案)5. —You have a nice big room.—______.（） [单选题] *A. It's not so big as you see itB. I hope soC. I don't know what to sayD. I’m glad you like it(正确答案)6. —Let me repeat. How would you describe your personality? —______.（） [单选题] *A. Yes, I got you this timeB. I missed your question just nowC. I think my personality is right for youD. I think I’m responsible and outgoing(正确答案)7. —______ a few questions on the subject of solar energy.—OK, go ahead.（） [单选题] *A. I guess I can ask youB. I’d like to ask you(正确答案)C. I’d better ask youD. I want to bother you with8. —This has been very interesting. I'll discuss your plan with my boss. —______.（） [单选题] *A. Thank you for your time(正确答案)B. I don't know what to doC. Great. The pleasure is mineD. That sounds fine with me9. —Let’s go picnic this Saturday.—Don't you think it's still a bit chilly at this time of year?—______.（） [单选题] *A. No wonderB. Cheer upC. Up to you(正确答案)D. Come on10. —______? —Yes, our family moved in here only a few days ago.— Welcome to the neighborhood.（） [单选题] *A. Do you need any helpB. Are you here for holidayC. Are you new here(正确答案)D. What are you doing here11. —Do you mind waiting outside for a moment?—______.（） [单选题] *A. Not at all(正确答案)B. Yes, pleaseC. I guess soD. I sure do12. —Thank you all for your attention.—Professor Cohen, ______— Sure.（） [单选题] *A. we'd like to thank you anyway.B. I wish you a safe trip hack.C. would you like to take some questions?D. could you expand on it?(正确答案)13. —I’m very sorry for stepping on your foot.—______. It's very crowded on the train.（） [单选题] *A. That's right(正确答案)B. Don't worryC. I’ m fineD. Take it easy14. —I'm thinking of keeping a dog, and I wonder if you have any particular policy about animals?—______.（） [单选题] *A. Yes, dogs will be out of the question(正确答案)B. Yes, I like dogsC. No, dogs are not good petsD. No, our policy is not particular15. —Would you like to have tea with us?—No, thank you. ______.—You must come again.（） [单选题] *A. I wish I can(正确答案)B. I must be goingC. I've had enoughD. I'm all rightPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one.Passage OneWhen the terrorist attack on September 11th caused people to flee the building, AvremelZelmanowitz risked his own chance of escape by staying behind with his friend and colleague, Ed Beyea, who was Confined to a wheelchair due to a paralysis (瘫痪). Both men lost their lives, but the stray of Avremel’s love and devotion to his friend conveys a life-giving message to all.Avremel never married, and he shared a house with his brother and his family. He was a loving uncle to his brother's children; and he was devoted to caring for his aging parents. He was a “family man” in every sense of the word. At the same time, he had his own life, his varied interests, and a job and friends.When the tragedy occurred, Avremel was age 55, and his friend, Ed Beyea, was age 42. Ed became disabled after a diving accident at age 22, but he managed to work 14 years at Blue Cross since his injury. Both he and Avremel were program analysts who worked on the 27th floor of World Trade Center.They both loved books and music, and they both served as the special uncle of their respective families. Like Avremel, Ed had no children of his own, but he was a father figure to his two nephews after their father died.On the morning of September 11, Ed wanted to wait until he could be securely carried down by several rescue workers, as it was dangerous for someone with his disability to be moved. Avremel wouldn't allow his friend to wait alone when everyone else was fleeing the building, and he stayed with him.In the days that followed, the media learned about Awremel’s selfless act, and the story began to spread. President Bush, in his national prayer address to the American people, referred to Avremel’s act as one of the many “outstanding acts of sacrifice” that were demonstrated by Americans during this crisis.16. What happened to Avremel and Ed during the 9.11 terrorist attack?（） [单选题] *A. Avremel rescued Ed at tile cost of his life.B. Both Avremel and Ed gave up their chance of escape.C. Avremel stayed with Ed and both lost their lives.(正确答案)D. Both Avremel and Ed were finally rescued.17. What were the similarities between the two men?（） [单选题] *A. Both of them loved hooks and music.(正确答案)B. Both of them were in their 50s.C. Both of them were disabled.D. Both lived with their brother's families.18. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（） [单选题] *A. Avremel took care of Ed's life after work.B. Avremel liked diving when he was young.C. Ed treated his nephews as his own children.D. Ed became disabled after a driving accident.(正确答案)19. Why did Avremel choose to stay when others were fleeing the building?（） [单选题] *A. Because he expected the rescuers to help him.B. Because he tried to carry Ed downstairs.C. Because he thought it was safer to stay inside.D. Because he didn’t want to leave Ed behind.(正确答案)20. The word “address” in the last paragraph means ______.（） [单选题] *A. solutionB. speech(正确答案)C. informationD. titlePassage TwoWhat you’ve always heard? We're eating way too much salt. The average American gets about 3.4 grams of sodium every day, far more than the upper limit of 2. 3 grams recommended by the USDA. The Institute of Medicine estimates that reducing sodium intake (摄取量) nationwide could prevent 100,000 deaths every year.The headlines now? It's time to get tough. The New York City health department recently kicked off a national effort to cut the amount of salt in packaged and restaurant food by 25% over five years. 80% of the salt in the average person's diet comes from those sources, not from the saltshaker (盐瓶).But wait! The benefits of salt reduction are surprisingly murky. At least 13 studies have tried to find out what happens to people who choose to eat salty or not-so-salty food—and the results have pointed in every direction. Some studies suggest that cutting salt protects the heart; others suggest that intense salt reduction can actually increase heart problems. What’s needed, Dr. Michael Alderman says, is a randomized (随机的) , controlled trial, in which people are put on different diets and followed for years. It's the only way to get a reliable answer, but it’s never been done.So what should you do? Go easy on processed foods and eat more produce. Those changes will improve your diet in a variety of ways and cut the amount of sodium you consume. If your blood pressure is high, work with your doctor to control it with drugs and lifestyle changes. If your blood pressure is healthy? At this point, there’s no convincing reason for you to count every grain.21. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that our sodium intake ______.（） [单选题] *A. is within the healthy rangeB. is a bit over the upper limitC. is far beyond what is necessary(正确答案)D. is well below the lower limit22. The main sources of salt in our diet are ______.（） [单选题] *A. home-made food and packaged foodB. restaurant food and saltshakersC. home-made food and saltshakersD. restaurant food and packaged food(正确答案)23. What does the word "murky' (Para. 3) probably mean?（） [单选题] *A. Unclear(正确答案)B. SignificantC. ObviousD. Exaggerated24. What does Dr. Michael Alderman say about a randomized, controlled trial?（） [单选题] *A. It has been successfully conductedB. It should be carded out.(正确答案)C. It is already under way.D. It is too late to try it.25. As stated in the last paragraph, people with normal blood pressure ______. （） [单选题] *A should consider a change of their lifestyleB. have every reason to be careful about sodiumC. will not be affected by the amount of sodium takenD. do not have to take sodium too seriously(正确答案)Passage ThreeThere is a tale that straw is the worst material from which to build a house, particularly if you are a pig with a hungry wolf around. So the cards were stacked against Warren Brush when local officials learned that he had several buildings made of straw bales (大捆) on his land.They have tried to fine him a lot. But the case is still unresolved. The problem is that California's building codes make no provision for the use of straw. And Mr. Brush has many defenders—among them several university scientists and David Eisenberg, the chairman of the United States Green Building Council’s code committee. They would like to see the prejudice against straw houses eliminated, for straw is, in many ways, an ideal building material.It is, for one thing, a great insulator (绝缘体). That keeps down the heating bills in houses made from it. It is also a waste product that would otherwise be burned, and is therefore cheap, and very much to the point in a place like California, it is earthquake-resistant. Last year a test conducted at the University of Nevada showed that straw-bale constructions could withstand twice the amount of ground motion recorded in the Northridge earthquake that hit Los Angeles in 1994.There are other straws in the wind: a post office in suburban Albuquerque, a school inMaryland, and an office complex in suburban Los Angeles have all been built from straw. Even California is having a rethink, and may change its rules to adapt to straw-bale construction. As Mr. Eisenberg observes, “the lesson of the Three Little Pigs isn't to avoid straw. It’s that you don’t let a pig build your house.”26. By “the cards were stacked against Warren Brush”, the author means that Brash______.（） [单选题] *A. received punishmentB. made a breakthroughC. would be in trouble(正确答案)D. might win a prize27. David Eisenberg is mentioned ______.（） [单选题] *A. as a representative of official opinionsB. for the purpose of supporting Warren Brush(正确答案)C. to provide evidence against straw housesD. to show the importance of the building codes28. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?（） [单选题] *A. The structure of straw houses.B. The possibility of building straw houses.C. The suggestions for building straw houses.D. The advantages of straw houses.(正确答案)29. It can be learned from the last paragraph that California ______.（） [单选题] *A. will fine Warren Brush as plannedB. will reduce the fine on Warren BrushC. may consider a heavier fine on Warren BrushD. may not fine Warren Brash(正确答案)30. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ______.（） [单选题] *A. show that straw can be used to build housesB. highlight the prejudice against straw houses(正确答案)C. explain how to build a house with strawD. introduce a new building materialPassage FourI was talking with a senior Public Relations manager the other day about “The Game Trainers” and he expressed much doubt about both the possibility and value of getting senior professionals to play games.These are serious people with serious jobs, and they are not going to waste time running around like school children, he told me. This statement highlighted many of his assumptions.He also provided me with a golden opportunity to talk about how these “serious people with serious jobs” could actually learn something about themselves, their staff, their company, and their business opportunities by allowing creativity to flow more freely through “games”.His position is not uncommon and it comes from a deep seated misunderstanding of what a “game” is and what it is for, as well as a set notion of what “work” must look like for it to be considered of value. It's not a coincidence (巧合) that the most successful companies of the last decade, including Apple and Google, were all started by college students, and perhaps as a consequence have at their core a spirit of fun，creativity andinnovation. Their success has not been achieved through a strict work environment, dull meetings and a 9 to 5 work time. Instead they have flowing and flexible work spaces, a culture of cooperation, opportunities for creativity and relaxed work structures.The Game Trainers support this innovative and highly productive approach to work by developing games to integrate into the working environment, And so, I said to the PR man, it’s a good thing that they are “serious people with serious jobs”, because we also are extremely serious about play, and in today’s environment they simply cannot afford not to play games.31. What does the PR manager think of the author’s proposal of playing games?（） [单选题] *A. It is against the rule.B. It makes no sense.(正确答案)C. It is worth a try.D. It would be beneficial.32. The author suggests that the PR manager’s position on games ______.（） [单选题] *A. represents a common misunderstanding(正确答案)B. allows for greater work efficiencyC. is based on scientifically proven conceptsD. is hard to understand in today's world?33. The examples of Apple and Google show that ______.（） [单选题] *A. it helps to combine work with games(正确答案)B. games should be separated from workC. work and games can be clearly definedD. no work can be done well without games34. “The Game Trai ners” is probably a ______.（） [单选题] *A. computer gameB. search engineC. game developer(正确答案)D. research system35. In the passage the author ______.（） [单选题] *A. encourages people to work more creatively(正确答案)B. describes how to balance work with lifeC. analyzes why it is important to enjoy workD. promotes an innovative approach to workPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.36. Poor educational performance is sometimes ____ to emotional disturbance.（） [单选题] *A. connectedB. related(正确答案)C. associatedD. joined37. The size of the castle and its commanding position still ____ the visitors today.（）[单选题] *A. impress(正确答案)B. stressC. affectD. emphasize38. Their home is situated within easy ____ of shops and other facilities.（） [单选题] *A. acquisitionB. reach(正确答案)C. possessionD. access39. Lee is coming on very well now and it's a ____ of deciding how to fit him into the team.（） [单选题] *A. problemB. matter(正确答案)C. thingD. concern40. Once the excitement of watching TV all day has ____ off, holidays can be boring.（） [单选题] *A. shownB. laidC. worn(正确答案)41. Feed plants and they grow; ____ them and they suffer.（） [单选题] *A. disgustB. dismissC. omitD. neglect(正确答案)42. It was considered impolite by many to discuss business on social ____.（） [单选题] *A. eventsB. momentsC. occasions(正确答案)D. affairs43. Doctors have decided the only way he can live anything near a(n) ____ life is to give him an operation.（） [单选题] *A. normal(正确答案)B. ordinaryC. regularD. average44. There are many theories that ____ to be able to predict whether you will give birth toa girl a boy.（） [单选题] *A. declareB. claim(正确答案)D. state45. It is very important for the staff to dress in something ____ to the job.（） [单选题] *A. properB. approximateC. appropriateD. relevant(正确答案)46. After ____ the numbers in every possible combination, we finally hit on a solution.（） [单选题] *A. running through(正确答案)B. running afterC. running overD. running out47. Either he escaped, or he was put in prison, in ____ , he was never seen again.（） [单选题] *A. all casesB. every caseC. any case(正确答案)D. no case48. The authorities wouldn’t ____ us permission to fly all the way down to San Francisco.（） [单选题] *A. grant(正确答案)B. allowC. provideD. admit49. We should ____ our differences and discuss the things we have in common.（） [单选题] *A. put awayB. put aside(正确答案)C. put offD. put forward50. It was only by a great effort of will and courage that he was able to ____ himself together.（） [单选题] *A. pull(正确答案)B. putC. dragD. push51. Seldom did we realize that many of our hair problems ____ what we eat.（） [单选题] *A. rely onB. refer toC. result from(正确答案)D. respond to52. Mark needs to travel ____ with his varied business interests.（） [单选题] *A. extensivelyB. intenselyC. broadlyD. widely(正确答案)53. Even though I'm quite a ____ person, I like meeting people.（） [单选题] *A. preservedB. conserved(正确答案)C. deservedD. reserved54. Few people nowadays are able to ____ friendship into their senior years.（） [单选题] *A. postponeB. maintain(正确答案)C. withdrawD. insist55. Tile necklace has 96 pieces and they are worth, individually and ____, a lot of money.（） [单选题] *A. Wholly(正确答案)B. JointlyC. collectivelyD. completely56. A country ____ birth rate is higher than its death rate will have an increasing population.（） [单选题] *A. WhereB. WhichC. thatD. whose(正确答案)57. If you don't agree with me, ____. （） [单选题] *A. neither they willB. so won't theyC. neither will they(正确答案)D. so they won't neither58. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree ____ one subject: taxes are too high.（） [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. toC. withD. at59. There is nothing about women ____ careers to look after children.（） [单选题] *A. to give upB. give upC. giving up(正确答案)D. will give up60. His sickness, ____ with terrible weather, has completely ruined this long expected trip.（） [单选题] *A. combiningB. combined(正确答案)C. to combineD. to be combined61. A recent poll suggested that if money were not an issue, most people ____ not to work at all.（） [单选题] *A. should preferB. preferC. would prefer(正确答案)D. preferred62. After ____ seemed to be an endless wait, it was finally his turn to have the interview.（） [单选题] *A. thatB. WhenC. What(正确答案)D. which63. It is worth ____ that even the most complex scientific ideas can eventually affect one's daily life.（） [单选题] *A. to rememberB. rememberC. rememberedD. remembering(正确答案)64. The degree ____ you maintain your mental health may depend on certain simple environmental factors.（） [单选题] *A. WhichB. to which(正确答案)C. thatD. to that65. The demand made by the workers is that their salaries ____ to cover the increased cost of living.（） [单选题] *A. increasedB. be increased(正确答案)C. be increasingD. were increased66. He is, by far, and will be for a time ____, the best basketball player in the history of the game.（） [单选题] *A. comingB. to come(正确答案)C. to have comeD. to be coming67. When we arrived at the airport, we were told our flight ____.（） [单选题] *A. cancelledB. had cancelledC. has been cancelledD. had been cancelled(正确答案)68. Scarcely had they settled in their seats in the cinema ____ the film began.（） [单选题] *A. when(正确答案)B. thanC. asD. until69. After careful investigation we find that one of the statements ____ to be untrue.（）[单选题] *A. is turned outB. have been turned outC. has turned out(正确答案)D. have turned out70. This project is said ____ right now and so far everything is going on quite smoothly.（） [单选题] *A. to have carried outB. having been carried outC. to have been carried outD. to be being carried out(正确答案)71. Without the sun’s light ____ the earth’s surface, no life could exist on the earth.（）[单选题] *A. WarmsB. warmedC. warmingD. to warm(正确答案)72. It is generally agreed that the Internet has brought people together ____.（） [单选题] *A. more than any inventionB. than any other inventionC. than any other invention has(正确答案)D. more than has any other invention73. ____ the price, it is a thousand times worth it.（） [单选题] *A. Whatever(正确答案)B. HoweverC. WhicheverD. Wherever74. How close parents are to their children ____ a strong influence on the character of their children.（） [单选题] *A. haveB. has(正确答案)C. havingD. had75. It is high time that the international community ____ together to fight against terrorism.（） [单选题] *A. workB. WorksC. worked(正确答案)D. working。
大学实用计算机英语教程第2版教学课件机工版Unit 01-1
• Part 2 Reading and Translating
– Section A: Cloud Computing – Section B: The Internet of Things
• Part 3 Simulated Writing: Communicating with Email and Memos (I)
Neumann’s name?
1.3 Dictation: The Rise of Mobile Computing: The GettingSmarter Smartphone
• This article will be played three times. Listen carefully, and fill in the numbered spaces with the appropriate words you have heard.
2.1 Section A: Cloud Computing
• II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1. Which of the following descriptions is wrong? A. Software as a Service (SaaS) describes a computing environment where an Internet server hosts and deploys applications. B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) uses software to emulate hardware capabilities, enabling companies to scale, or adjust up or down, storage, processing power, or bandwidth as needed. C. Platform as a Service (PaaS) allows developers to create, test, and run their solutions on a cloud platform without having to purchase or configure the underlying hardware and software. D. Date as a Service (DaaS) allows users and applications to access a company's data. 2. Which of the following is wrong about choosing cloud computing for home and business users? A. High expense B. Space savings C. Scalability D. Cost savings 3. Which of the following do the companies who use cloud computing only pay? A. Bandwidth B. Computing power C. Storage D. All of the above
英语综合教程第二版2【英语翻译】（1）
英语综合教程第⼆版2【英语翻译】（1）汉译英1.当今中国社会⾮常缺少蓝领⼯⼈。
Nowadays, China has a serious shortage of blue-collarworkers。
2.本市蓝领⼯⼈的⽉平均⼯资在3000元左右。
The average monthly pay for blue-collar workers isaround 3,000 yuan in this city。
3.杰凭是⼀位富有经验的机械⼯，当机器出故障时能保持冷静。
As Jack is an experienced mechanic, he can keepcalm when the machine breaks down。
4.学徒往往是在⼯作中学习的。
Apprentices always learn everything on the job。
5.许机械操作如今靠计算机程序来实现。
Many mechanical operations are carried out by thecomputer programs。
6.那个⽔管⼯的年收⼊在⼗万以上。
The annual income of that plumber is more thanS100000。
7.这家社区院在过去的五年中⼀直在扩⼤规模。
This community college has been expanding in thepast five years。
8。
安装这台机器需要多⼈协作。
Installing this machine requires the coordination otmany people。
1.那个地⽅的⼈对保护环境没有给予⾜够的关注。
People there have paid inadequate attention toenvironmental protection.2.政府要求关闭那家⼯⼚以确保这⼀旅游胜地不受污染。
机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦陈统坚主编)
机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦陈统坚主编)机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦、陈统坚主编)机械工程英语第二版第二部分翻译unit1导言序言thecentralandessentialingredientofgad/camCAD/CAM的一个重要组成部分是数字计算机。
其固有速度和存储容量相似。
它可以在图像处理、实时过程控制和许多其他重要功能方面取得进展，这些功能过于复杂和耗时，无法手动完成。
要理解CAD/CAM，熟悉数字计算机的概念和技术是非常重要的现在数字计算机是一部能够根据预定的程序来完成数字和逻辑运算以及数据处理功能的电子设备，计算机本身称为硬件，而各种各样的程序称为软件.输入/输出（I/0）部分输入/输出设备centralprocessingunit(cpu)中央处理器.控制单元算术逻辑单元（ALU）控制器和算术单元executiveprogramwhichisstoredinmemory.控制器完成这些操作的能力是由一组存储在存储器中被称作执行程序的指令程序提供的。
.机器语言。
汇编语言.procedure-oriented(high-level)languages机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言（1）制造过程数据。
制造过程数据。
.continuousanalogsignals连续模拟信号.discretebinarydata离散的二进制数据.pulsedata脉冲数据.脉冲发生器触点输出networkintroduction网络介绍单元2numericalcontrolofproductionequipment数字控制（nc）是程序自动控制的一种形式基本结构：数控系统由下面三部分组成：1.控制程序；2.机器控制单元；3.加工设备。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第三章 计算机辅助翻译
1.2计算机辅助翻译的发展前景展望
• 根据前面对机器翻译的介绍可以看出，自然语言的复杂性决定了机器翻译 技术发展的困难性。计算机语言学家提出了各种各样的机器翻译理论，但 目前为止还没有哪种理论能够有效的解决所有问题。但是，机器翻译系统 的应用领域正在发生变化。人们正在尝试将机译技术结合到信息访问、信 息提取和自动文摘中。这类跨语言应用在全球范围内越来越引起人们的兴 趣。未来对于口语的翻译也是市场迫切需求的，但尽管基于某些方面的需 求，机器翻译的发展方向更加多元化，但无论从实际应用角度还是从理论 研究角度来看，全自动的话语翻译还是很难实现的。当然，虽然机器翻译 的发展有诸多阻碍，但仍然有更多的发展希望。目前，单语语料库加工技 术以及应用在计算语言学领域内取得的成功，使建立双语或多语语料库并 进行多层次的加工作为大规模的跨语言资源成为研究的焦点之一。另外， 大规模的语料库适合于统计方法的应用，通过统计来自动进行知识获取， 有助于克服自然语言处理中知识获取的瓶颈。把机器学习方法应用到机器 翻译中，可以帮众系统实现在线学习功能，最终建立主动的智能翻译服务 也是机器翻译的发展方向之一。
1.1计算机辅助翻译的发展历程
• “机器翻译”的概念可以追溯到20世纪30年代，40-50年代初经历 了早期的尝试阶段，当时，大多数从事手工翻译人士对于“利用计 算机进行翻译”不以为然，他们根本就不相信翻译会机械化，少数 人则或多或少有一点担心，害怕有一天机器会把他们取而代之。 • 50—60年代中期学界对于“机器翻译”持高度乐观的态度。 Systran翻译软件将“机器翻译”定义为利用计算机软件把文本内 容从一种自然语言转换成另一种自然语言，这个定义就是说“机器 翻译”是利用语言结构、规律和把原文（the source language） 的语言结构转换成译文(the target language)的语言结构。“机器 翻译”这一想法产生的时间正是结构主义语言学的观点盛行时期。 由于人类对语言结构规律的研究越发深入，语言学家为翻译找到了 更多的理论依据作为支撑，从而给翻译加上了科学主义的色彩。奈 达、巴尔胡达罗夫以及彼得· 纽马克等人的翻译观都是从结构主义 理论开始的。（张治中，俞可怀，2002：54-58）结构主义者认 为在各种复杂的表面现象的下都有着一种普遍性的规律，这些规律 就是结构，人们通过分割归并作品的各种结构就可弄清语言信息变 成文艺作品的奥秘。（吕俊， 2001:96-111）
UNIT 9 What Is Intelligence, Anyway课文翻译大学英语二
Unit9 What Is Intelligence, Anyway?Isaac AsimorAsimov explains why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests.What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a nig fuss over me. (It didn't mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.) All my life I've been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that I'm highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, don't such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests - people with intellectual bents similar to mine?For instance, I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles - and he always fixed my car.Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, I'd prove myself a moron. And I'd be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Consider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile hood to say: "Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?"I lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto-repair man laughed heartily and said, "Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them." Then he said, smugly, "I've been trying that on all my customers today." "Did you catch many?" I asked. "Quite a few," he said, "but I knew for sure I'd catch you." "Why is that?" I asked. "Because you're so goddamned educated, doc, I know you couldn't be very smart."And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.阿西莫夫说明了为什么智力远非只是在智力测验中取得高分。
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第9单元电子商务第一部分听力和对话对话：使用在线支付服务保护消费者的隐私(Henry非常兴奋地在一家网上书店中发现了自己期待已久的图书，但是当得知系统要求通过账号支付时，他犹豫了。
)Henry: 最近互联网上信用卡账号的公然欺骗无疑为我们敲响了警钟。
在进行在线交易时，我们并不知道要把自己的信用卡账号告诉谁。
Mark: 也许你可以使用第三方支付服务来保证在线支付更简单、更安全。
Henry: 什么是第三方支付服务？Sophie: 简单地说，在使用第三方支付服务时，你可以把自己的资金转移到一个在线账号中，然后从那个账号中进行支付。
这样就不用把自己的真实信用卡或银号账户信息暴露在网络上了。
Henry: 这种方法听起来更安全。
有哪些第三方支付服务可以方便地使用？Mark:在美国最受欢迎的服务是eBay公司掌控的PayPal,但也有一些其他的服务，如 Payment等。
以最简单的支付为例，例如在线拍卖或简单的网站销售，销售商只需要向买家提供他们的E-mail地址，而买家向销售商的PayPal账号进行适当的支付。
Henry: 我明白了。
Sophie: 做出选择之后，建议你留意选择更加安全服务的一些细节。
Henry: 什么是更加安全服务的一些细节呢？Sophie: 首先，阅读隐私政策，并确保自己同意其中的条款。
如果不同意，可以继续选择其他的安全服务。
此外，确认网站符合权威部门规定的特定的标准（查验同意的盖章）。
这些的确都是非常重要但是有时被用户忽略的步骤。
Mark: 当使用第三方支付服务时，Henry,请记住千万不要回复来自第三方支付服务机构发送的要求确认如密码或其他私人身份识别信息等与账号细节相关的电子邮件。
这些邮件很可能是身份盗窃骗局，如网络钓鱼。
Henry: 那么，怎样才能更安全地确认或处理我的账号细节呢？Sophie: 如果需要确认或更新账号信息或者修改密码，我建议你可通过个人书签或者在浏览器中直接输入支付服务网站的URL来访问相应的网站。
Henry: 如何进一步确认卖家能够提供有效的支付服务？Mark: 你可以通过查看卖家在几个月或更长的时间内是否为支付服务机构的有效成员来确定。
有些网站还允许用户查看卖家的评价，虽然这些评价并不能作为保证，但是却是非常有用的信息。
Sophie: 切记，Henry,不要用自己的账号把资金转移到一个你不认识的人的账号里。
这可能是一种高级的资金诈骗。
还有，当你要购买一些诸如珠宝或者计算机等昂贵的物品时，尤其是在节假日或者商铺中售出的物品时，需要多加小心。
Henry: 好的。
现在我对进行安全在线支付更加有信心了。
非常感谢你们的见议。
练习以小组的形式，用右边的其他表达式来替换文中相应的陈述，组成类似的对话。
听力理解：社交商务社交商务——用社交网络（例如Facebook，Twitter和Pinterest）和其他社交媒体来提高网络销售量，已经被广泛运用。
可能最低的级别，个人发的关于买的产品或者点赞Facebook网页都可能对他们的朋友在线上线下购买该产品产生影响。
你也可以用Facebook 为你的朋友买礼物，甚至还能使用一个叫做SellPin的服务来在Pinterest上卖东西。
商人可以定制他们的亚马逊主页并且可以使用亚马逊分享同时将内容放在亚马逊和Facebook 上，另外也能在社交网络上发广告给他们的网站或者社交主页带来流量。
Facebook允许广告投放到特定的用户群体，例如在某个地区喜欢骑车的人群。
为了让用户的广告投放更加相关，个人广告可以被用户屏蔽。
Facebook具有可以在下载的app中包括广告的新特性。
最近常用的社交商务包括在社交网站上提供商品或者服务。
混合了F-commerce和F-stores，Facebook上个人买商品和服务的生意在不断上涨。
商品可以直接通过Facebook 被卖掉或者Facebook主页能够包含能够将访问者导向合适的网站去买商品的链接。
社交媒体在电子商务的另外一个影响是其社会方面。
除了能够口碑相传，商人们也能够利用在在社交网络上的信息。
并且使用社交媒体来监测相关公司和使用能够分析特定商业产品的工具也是一个快速增长的市场。
听写：移动支付因为大多数人都会一直携带智能手机或者可移动设备来与他人交流或者查找信息，m-commerce(移动商务)自然也就成了电子商务的下一个风口。
你可以使用携带NFC的智能手机在零售店、车站和其他地方支付所购买的商品。
你也可以使用智能手机或者在手机上的二维码证明购买电影票、预定餐厅或者支付饭钱或者其他交易。
使用手机银行或者如PayPal 或者Google Wallet之类的移动支付app来转账(比如平分账单，报销购买的票或者礼物以及偿还负债等等)是移动支付的新趋势并且在这种趋势在持续增长。
移动支付通常使用手机上的信用卡读取器或者能够接受信用卡支付的电子平板。
例如，维修工人工作完成之后能很快的接受支付，手工展上的商贩能够接受信用卡支付来增加其潜在销售。
移动支付也能够使得零售店里的自由买服务成为可能，这样顾客能够在销售商品的地方就能完成支付而不是在支付台那里排队等待，这一服务能够让顾客感觉更加自由并且顾客能够在繁忙期避免等长队。
这一概念已经被拓展到了其他的业务，如在顾客进入酒店的时候，酒店在门口提供了登记入住服务。
第二部分阅读和翻译A部分为什么O2O有万亿商机Groupon、OpenTable、和SpaFinder这些公司都有什么共同之处？它们都促进了O2O商务的前进。
Groupon的发展可谓非同凡响，但它在一个更大的分类系统中仅仅是一个小小的分支，，我们把那个大的类别叫做“线上-线下”商务，或者On2Off (O2O)（图9-1）商务，与B2C、B2B、 C2C—样都是商务术语。
图9-1 O2OO2O的关键在于它在线上招揽顾客，并把顾客带到现实世界的商店中。
它让顾客消费、给商家持续提供客流量，从而带来线下交易（同样它也使得顾客能够发现许多商家）。
由于每笔交易（或者预定，例如在OpenTable上预定）都是线上的，它天生就具有可测量性。
这与目录模式（例如Yelp、CitySearch公司等）有很大区别，因为新增的支付款项可以确定销售数量，并且全程跟进。
有关这些我们后面表述。
从分析可知，020市场很“大”，或者说Groupon在互联网的历史中一直能够比几乎所有其他公司有着更快的高利润收益的增长，这是一个不争的事实。
电子商务中的消费者平均每年大约支出1000美元。
假设美国人平均每年约挣40 000美元。
那么其余的39 000 美元怎么办？（如果你考虑到电子商务中的顾客比大多数美国人挣得更多，这一比例将会更大，但是结论是一样的。
）答案：税后的可支配收入有很大一部分是在本地消费的。
你会将钱花在咖啡厅、酒吧、健身馆、餐馆、加油站、管道工、干洗店和美发沙龙。
除了旅行，在线B2C商务即是你在线订购的大件物品，并让商家装箱送货到家。
这很无聊，即使电商业界已经知道了线上销售的物品有所增长(例如Zappos公司在10年中成功地将鞋子的销售额从0提高到10亿美元，同样BlueNile公司的珠宝销量也是如此)。
FedEx公司不能够快递真实社会中的体验，例如餐馆、酒吧、瑜伽、航海、网球课，或者钢管舞，但是Groupon可以。
而且，对于你本地开设的瑜伽馆，将顾客安排到一个没有满员的学习班中不会带来更多的边际成本。
这意味着这种本地再次销售的业务模式通常比传统的电子商务模式更赚钱，而后者是低价买进商品以便库存，再以高价卖出，并且管理易腐烂或易贬值存货时还有所不同。
020商务公司重要的一点在于业绩是随时可量化的，这也是020商务的原则之一。
传统的电商可通过cookie和像素等来追踪兑现情况。
因为Zappos的每一个完成订单的确认页面上都有“追踪码”，所以它可以确定其在线营销的投资回报率。
线下的商务就没有这种得天独厚的条件；例如酒保不会查看你iPhone的浏览记录。
但是020可以让这一切简单起来；因为交易是在线上进行，在线下世界中也可以使用同样的手段，整个这一切都由OpenTable或SpaFinder公司等中介来安排。
这己经被证实这是一个比向当地的公司销售广告收益更高并且扩展性也更强的模式；这完全得益于线上中介的销售。
Groupon有十亿美元的身价吗？我们很容易地看到，020商务挤压了传统电子商务(打包快递商品——仅仅是因为线下商务本身比线上商务更优越，并且020只是把发现商品和支付的过程转移到了线上。
如果Groupon能够保持它的领军地位，我们可以预测仅由现金流量贴现带来的一个又一个十亿美元的身价。
Groupon不是噱头或游戏，它是一个由线上店面与交易引擎驱动的线下商务的成功典范。
风险投资商和企业家要想着怎样将发现商品、支付以及业绩度量从线下商务转移到线上才是明智之举，而非仅仅抄袭“团购”的概念。
在本地消费者以数以万亿计美元逐渐开始在线上消费之时，这将在整个互联网包括广告、支付与商务的业界中造成连锁反应。
B部分电子商务的明天：没完没了的游戏电子商务正在摆脱个人电脑的浏览器窗口，并且设法进入口袋、产品，以及我们消磨时光的几乎任何地方。
数字技术正在转变我们在店内和店外的购物体验，并且未来愿景几乎会很快成为目前的趋势。
人们可以使用智能手机来查找商店的位置，比较产品，并且寻找便宜货。
许多公司接受使用屏幕上的条形码，电话“bumps”，以及其他支付系统的支付。
智能手机也可以无线通知店员有关你的个人喜好和尺寸大小，之前的所购物，以及当前的购物需求。
如果联系不到店员，你的电话或商店的售货亭也许可以将你引导到你正在寻找的产品。
如果你个人的信息没有存档，商店的更衣室也许会使用三维扫描仪现场给你量身。
增强现实显示器可能很快就会向你展示，以特定的样式，你会是什么样子，或者你的客厅也许会感觉到是否你给它涂了不同颜色，并且添加了一个新的沙发。
这些服务将不会起作用，除非商店计算机已经获得了有关你的大量的信息。
到目前为止，消费者一般都乐意为了购物方便而交换自己的隐私。
至于在交易中他们愿意走多远，仍有待观察。
一些在线商店通过使用娱乐界面，个性化的消息，战略性的消费者奖励，故事般的体验，以及社区的关系，它们成功地使其网站更像是游戏。
杰西.谢尔是前迪斯尼主题公园的想像工程工程师，《游戏设计的艺术》一书的作者，SchellGames公司的首席执行官，以及卡耐基梅隆大学娱乐技术的教授。
他主张，游戏是不断地重新定义自己，并且不断地进入我们生活的方方面面。
他说我们很快就会生活在一个“游戏启示录”中，其中我们正在玩一些无论我们做什么的游戏,。
如果他是对的，游戏心理和技术将从根本上转变我们做生意的方式（见图9-2）。
例如：你的Wifi牙刷将使用传感器来给你的刷牙打分，这样你可以从你的牙膏公司赚取积分—也许是转化为免费产品的积分。