CFA考试一级笔记
cfa一级十科笔记

cfa一级十科笔记CFA一级考试是金融行业中非常重要的职业资格认证,涵盖了广泛的金融知识领域。
下面是关于CFA一级考试十科的笔记,以帮助你更好地准备考试。
1. 伦理与专业标准(Ethics and Professional Standards):了解职业道德和行业规范的重要性。
理解与客户、公司和市场参与者之间的关系。
掌握投资专业人士应遵循的道德准则。
2. 数量方法(Quantitative Methods):熟悉基本的数学和统计概念。
掌握概率论和假设检验的基本原理。
理解回归分析和时间序列分析的基本概念。
3. 经济学(Economics):理解宏观经济和微观经济的基本原理。
掌握货币政策、财政政策和国际贸易的影响。
理解经济指标和金融市场之间的关系。
4. 金融报表分析(Financial Reporting and Analysis):理解财务报表的结构和内容。
掌握财务比率分析和财务报表的解读。
熟悉资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表之间的关系。
5. 公司金融(Corporate Finance):理解资本预算和资本结构的基本原理。
掌握投资决策和融资决策的方法。
熟悉公司治理和股权结构的影响。
6. 证券投资(Equity Investments):理解股票市场和股票投资的基本原理。
掌握股票估值和投资组合管理的方法。
熟悉股票投资的风险管理和绩效评估。
7. 固定收益投资(Fixed Income Investments):理解债券市场和债券投资的基本原理。
掌握债券估值和债券组合管理的方法。
熟悉利率风险和信用风险的评估和管理。
8. 衍生品投资(Derivative Investments):理解衍生品市场和衍生品投资的基本原理。
掌握期权、期货和其他衍生品的估值和交易策略。
熟悉衍生品投资的风险管理和绩效评估。
9. 另类投资(Alternative Investments):理解另类投资市场和另类投资的基本原理。
掌握房地产、私募股权和大宗商品等另类投资的特点和风险。
CFA_一级知识点完全总结

CFA_一级知识点完全总结CFA一级考试是金融投资行业最受认可的国际性考试之一、它由特许金融分析师协会(Chartered Financial Analyst Institute)主办,考察的主要内容涵盖了投资组合理论、金融市场、公司财务报表分析等多个方面。
以下是对CFA一级考试知识点的完全总结。
1.伦敦间欧洲货币市场(LIBOR):LIBOR是欧洲银行同业拆借利率的参考利率。
CFA一级考试中会考察与LIBOR相关的计算和应用。
2.投资组合理论:投资组合理论包括有效前沿、资本市场线、夏普比率等内容,它们用于衡量和优化投资组合的风险和回报。
3.国际金融市场:国际金融市场包括外汇市场、国际货币市场、国际资本市场等。
考生需要掌握交易所和场外市场的特点,以及对冲、套利等金融衍生品的基本用途和策略。
4.金融市场参与者:金融市场参与者包括投资者、发行机构、投资银行、经纪商等。
考生需要了解它们在市场中的作用和职责。
5.公司财务报表分析:公司财务报表分析包括财务比率分析、盈利能力分析、财务健康状况分析等。
考生需要掌握财务报表的构成和解读方法。
6.资产估值和资本预算:资产估值方法包括贴现现金流量法、市盈率法等。
资本预算涉及到项目的资金需求评估和决策。
7.安全分析和投资组合管理:安全分析涉及股票和债券的价格和估值分析。
投资组合管理要求根据投资者的风险偏好和目标回报制定合适的投资组合策略。
8.衍生品市场:衍生品市场包括期货、期权、互换等。
考生需要了解不同类型的衍生品以及它们的定价和风险管理方法。
9.公司治理和伦理:公司治理指的是公司内部的决策、监管和财务透明度。
伦理是投资者和金融专业人士应遵循的行为准则。
10.宏观经济学:宏观经济学涉及国民经济总体状况、经济政策、通货膨胀等内容。
考生需要掌握宏观经济指标和政策的影响。
以上是对CFA一级考试知识点的完全总结。
考生在备考过程中应该注重理论和实践的结合,通过做题和模拟考试来提高应试能力。
CFA一级笔记之经济学

AVC=
X
c Cost per share ATC
AVC
Economy scale
ATC= =AVC+
MC——总成本关于 Q 的导数
TC=VC+FC
成本曲线的移动:
(1)资源 P↑,成本↑
(2)tax↑,cost↑
Diseconomy (3)regulation↑
scale
LTC cost↑
Q
Q
Q
9. 四种市场结构(profit max MR=MC)。
Elasticity
P
Inelasticity
P
高价区间弹性大,P↓,
P-E
总收入↑
1.替代品的存在
P-1
E=-1,单位弹性收入最大化
2.预算约束
低价区间弹性大,P↑, 总收入↓
D
D
需求收入弹性→1.低档品,负弹性,收入↑→D↓。2.正常商品,收入↑→D↑。 0<E<1, 必需品。E>1 奢侈品
7. law of D (边际效用 8.
(1)完全竞争(同质产品、价格接受者、无进入障(2)垄断竞争(monopolistic competition 差异化产品、负斜率 D、低障碍)
P
M
P
MC
P
ATC
MR=P=D
ATC
M
P
long
short
D
M AT
short
MR=P=D
AT
D
利润最大化
Q
long
Q
(3)垄断(monopoly 一个卖者,无替代品,进入障碍高)
经济学
1. 财政政策——凯恩斯主义(关注 AD 而非 AS,价格和工资具有向下刚性) (1) 相机决策(discretionary)→反周期政策(countercyclical)
--CFA一级Notes习题笔记

CFA一级Notes习题笔记EthicsCode of Ethics1.act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect, and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets2.place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interestse reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgement when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities4.practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the profession5.promote the integrity of, and uphold the rules governing, capital markets6.maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other ivestment professionals.Standards of Professional ConductI professionalismA.knowledge of the lawB.independence and objectivityC.MisrepresentationD.MisconductII.integrity of capital marketsA.material nonpublic informationB.market manipulationIII.duties to clientsA.Loyalty,Prudence and CareB.Fair DealingC.SuitabilityD.Performance presentationE.preservation of confidentialityIV.duties to employersA.loyaltyB.additional compensation arrangementsC.responsibilities of supervisorsV.investment analysis, reommendations,and actionsA.Diligence and reasonable basismunication with clients and prospective clientsC.record retentionVI.conflicts of interestA.Disclosure of conflictsB.priority of transactionsC.referral feesVII.responsibilities as a CFA institute member or CFA candidateA.conduct as menbers and candidates in the cfa programB.reference to CFA institute, the cfa designation, and the cfa program1.私人投资跟Code无关,但滥用举报违反personal conduct。
cfa1级 2023 品职三色笔记

CFA 1级2023三色笔记:打造高效学习技巧在CFA 1级考试备考过程中,一份高质量的笔记是至关重要的。
在这篇文章中,我将共享我对CFA 1级2023三色笔记的理解和个人观点,帮助你更好地理解这一学习方法并提高学习效率。
一、三色笔记的概念三色笔记是一种高效的学习方法,它通过使用不同颜色的笔记录重要知识点、关键概念和需要重点记忆的内容,帮助学生更好地理解和记忆。
在CFA 1级考试备考中,采用三色笔记可以帮助考生整理复杂的知识点,提高复习效率。
二、三色笔记的制作方法1. 黑色笔:用于记录主要内容和关键知识点,例如定义、公式和重要概念。
黑色笔记录的内容应该是整篇笔记的核心,重点突出。
2. 红色笔:用于标记重点和难点部分,帮助考生在复习时更快地找到需要重点记忆的内容。
标记的内容可以是重要公式、易错知识点等。
3. 蓝色笔:用于记录个人理解、补充说明和重要提示。
蓝色笔的内容可以是对某个知识点的个人理解、与其他知识点的联系等。
三、三色笔记的优势1. 帮助记忆:通过不同颜色的标记,可以帮助大脑更好地记忆和理解知识点,提高复习效果。
2. 突出重点:通过红色标记,可以帮助考生更快地找到重点和难点内容,有针对性地进行复习和强化记忆。
3. 个性化学习:通过蓝色笔的使用,可以帮助考生记录个人理解和补充说明,使笔记更贴近个人学习情况。
四、个人观点和理解在我个人的学习过程中,我发现三色笔记是一种非常有效的学习方法。
通过不同颜色的标记,我可以更清晰地把握重点和难点内容,也更好地理解和记忆知识点。
在CFA 1级考试备考中,三色笔记帮助我更好地整理复杂的知识,提高了复习效率,也增强了自信心。
总结回顾CFA 1级2023三色笔记是一种非常有效的学习方法,它通过不同颜色的标记帮助考生更好地理解和记忆知识点,提高复习效率。
在制作笔记时,考生可以根据自己的学习情况灵活运用三种颜色的笔,使笔记更加个性化。
通过三色笔记的使用,考生可以更有效地备考,取得更好的成绩。
CFA一级常用公式和学习笔记总结可以直接打印

CFA一级常用公式和学习笔记总结从第一次考CFA一级到今天,四年过去了,持证也已经是前年的事情了。
感谢,FRM,CFA,让我见识了更多不一样的人生。
记录自己考试前的公式总结,很怀念那些用word公式编辑器逐个编辑公式的日子,现在也在从事与CFA考试相关的工作,所以决定把它们重新发上来,希望可以帮助到更多的有志于此道的同路人。
Statistic (5)1.1 Standard error of the sample mean: (5)1.2Measure of performance (5)1.3远期利率公式: (6)1.4 Leptokurtotic: (6)1.5 Positive skewed (6)1.6 Holding period return(HPR) (7)1.7 arithmetic or mean return (7)1.8 Geometric Mean return (7)1.9 Money-weighted return or time-weighted return (8)1.10 quartiles/quintiles/deciles/percentiles (8)1.11 probability (9)1.12 ratio/ordinal/interval/nominal (9)1.13 Chebyshev’s Inequality (9)1.14 distribution (10)1.15 desirable properties of an estimator (10)1.16 Bayes’ formula (10)1.17 type I and type II error (10)1.18 hypothesis testing (11)1.19 technical analysis (13)derivatives (16)2.1 option portfolio (16)2.2 Put-call parity (16)2.3 backwardation \contango (16)Corporate finance (16)3.1 NPV (16)3.2 IRR(internal rate of return) (17)3.3 PBP(backed period) (17)3.4DPB(discounted backed period) (17)3.5 Profitable index(PI) (17)3.6 WACC (17)3.7 cost of debt (18)3.8 Cost of preferred stock (18)3.9 Cost of equity (18)3.10 Break point (20)3.11 Floatation cost (20)3.12 Degree of operating leverage (21)3.13 Degree of financial leverage(DFL) (21)3.14 Degree of total leverage(DTL) (21)3.15 Breakeven Analysis (22)3.16 working capital management (22)3.17 Liquidity ratios and turnover ratios (22)portfolio (23)4.1 nominal 与real之间的转换 (23)4.2 portfolio’s deviation (24)4.3 Many risk assets (24)4.4 MPT理论 (24)4.5 Capital allocating line(CAL) (25)4.6 beta : a measure of systematic risk (26)FINANCIAL REPORTING (27)5.1 应收应付/预收预付 (27)5.2 audit report (27)5.3 Footnotes/MD&A/proxy statement (28)5.4 美国准则和国际准则 (30)5.5 IFRS对sales of goods销售商品收入确认的方法 (31)5.6 IFRS对rendering of service?收入确认的方法 (32)5.7 Financial statement Elements (32)5.8 steps in the financial statement analysis framework (33)5.9 Revenue recognition criteria (33)5.10 Revenue recognition (34)5.11 installment sales and cost recovery method (35)5.12 accounting equation 有计算 (36)5.13 income statement其它处理 (37)5.14 income statement线下项目 (38)5.15 EPS计算 (39)5.16 comprehensive income (40)5.17 金融资产与负债的计量有计算 (40)5.18 bad debt计算坏账 (41)5.19 CFO直接法与间接法有计算 (41)5.20 CFI和CFF的计算 (42)5.21 FCFE和FCFF的计算 (43)5.22 CF中的其它知识点 (44)5.23 financial analysis techniques (44)5.24 inventory 理解 (47)5.25 depreciation 理解 (50)5.26 impairment 理解 (51)5.27 capitalized and expense 的理解 (52)5.28 investment property (new) (54)5.29 early repayment of bond (55)5.30 issuance cost of bond (56)5.31 debt security 理解 (57)5.32 defer tax 理解 (59)5.33 承租人和出租人理解 (64)5.34 off-balance sheet (66)5.35 ratio (68)5.37 cash management manipulation (68)Economics (70)6.1 Utility Theory and indifference Curves (70)6.2 Economic profit and accounting profit (70)6.3 elasticity (70)6.4 Cross elasticity of demand, (71)6.5 盈亏平衡点 (71)6.6 GDP的定义: (71)6.7 nation income (72)6.8 GDP deflator: GDP平减指数 (73)6.9 IS-LM model (74)6.10 LM曲线是指货币市场的均衡。
CFA一级笔记-第三部分 经济学
CFA一级考试知识点第三部分经济学需求函数demand function =f(, I , …)为商品X的需求量;为商品X的价格;I 为消费者收入;为其他相关商品的(替代品或互补品)Y的价格。
需求曲线公式也可以简化为= f(),需求曲线与需求函数式互为反函数,被称为反需求函数= f()需求曲线,是价格的变化量、是需求量的变化量,横坐标是需求曲线Q,纵坐标是价格P ,图形是个向右下倾斜的曲线。
需求价格弹性,衡量商品需求对价格变化的敏感程度= () () 其中是需求函数的斜率,不是需求曲线的斜率。
如果题目中表达式是:Q=10-2P,则=-2,如果P=5-1/2Q,等于-1/2的倒数,即=-2曲线弹性绝对值大于1,富有弹性elastic曲线弹性绝对值小于1,缺乏弹性inelastic曲线弹性绝对值等于1,单位弹性unit elastic需求价格弹性的因素:替代品的可得性availability of substitutes与相似性closeness of substitutes、该商品展消费者总预算的比例、反应时间、商品服务的必要性。
商品富有弹性>1,价格下降需求量上升幅度会超过商品下降幅度,从而总收入或总支出增加,商品富有弹性时,价格和总收入或总支出呈反向关系。
<1时,商品缺乏弹性,价格和总收入或总支出呈正向关系。
飞机经济舱富有弹性,降价会提高整体收入,商务舱价格弹性低,打折会使得整体收入降低。
交叉弹性为正是替代品交叉弹性为负是互补品收入弹性为正是正常品(奢侈品)收入弹性为负是低档品(劣质品)需求量增加的为正效应、需求量减少的为负效应。
吉芬商品Giffen goods指价格越低总需求越低(方便面)韦伯伦商品Veblen goods价格越高总需求越高(奢侈品)生产函数Q=f ( K , L )Q为产量、K为实物资本、L为劳动力。
短期市场简化为Q=f ( L )企业生产效率三种指标衡量:总产量、平均产量、边际产量。
cfa一级笔记之股票和投资组合
H>0.18 集中
(4) 公司分析(变量为每股) ¾ expected EPS1=[sales×EBITDA%-Dep- 利息](1-T) ¾ 估计 D1/E1 ¾ K=Rf+β(Rm-Rf) ¾ g=ROE*RR
D1 / E1 ¾ (P/E1)= K - g
P/BV=
P0
P/S= P0/S P/CF= P0/CF
BV of CS
CF=NI+D+A AD CFO=CFO+NET 利息*(1—T),FCF,EBD 易使用性(不能为负)——波动性小——不易受会计操纵
Earning S 月/周末效应 P/E 小公司效应 忽视公司
市场有效 投资组合应基于风险偏好,集中分散化和降低交易成本 指数基金得益于分散化,表现优于选股择股的基金经理 几乎所有 TEST 都支持弱有效,而 EVENT STUDY 支持半强(时间序列 横截面反对) 除了内部交易和做市商,TEST 也支持强式有效
2. 三种 index
股份之和 (1)价格平均= 股数之和(拆股调整)
股价高者影响大 拆股后 index 下降
市值 today (2)市值平均= 市值basis year´ 100
index 不变。
市值大的股票影响大上 拆股后
(3)不加权 index,设期初为 V。 变化为△V ,V1>V1’
å x x 1 n
¾ Rapid growth
:sales 上升,边际利润为正且累积
¾ Mature growth : 边际利润开始下降
¾ Stabilization
: ROE → normal
¾ Decline
CFA 1 笔记
Session11、永续年金只有现值PERPETUAL ANNUITIES 或PERPETUITIES)永续年金是指无限期支付的年金2、马赛克理论 mosaic theory 一个洞察力很强的分析员,如果通过对公开信息,以及一些非重大的非公开信息的分析,得出了关于公司的行为或者事件的结论,即使这个结论是重大的非公开信息,也不构成对这条准则的违反,这就是所谓的马赛克理论,也是分析员的价值所在。
3、P44客户隐私保守,但非法的,法律要求的,客户允许的可披露,同时可给为同一客户服务的同事。
P46,工作之外的行为要报告雇主且在开始前得到雇主同意P47为了保护客户的利益,或者为了维护资本市场的诚信,而不是为了个人的得失的情况下,有时候可以违反对雇主的的忠诚责任(有限忠诚)4、记录保存,如公司没有要求,CFA要求保存7年P605、Chartered Financial Analyst 或者CFA 的标志,必须跟在一个证书持有人名字的后面(比如张三,CFA),或者作为形容词(例如张三是CFA Charterholder);但是不能够作为名词(不能够说,张三是CFA)。
这个规定适用于书面和口头的沟通。
CFA 个人titile,不能用作公司titile.CFA 三级前只有candidate(报名,且参加考试后)6、GIPS 标准是2004 年12 月7 日被投资业绩委员会(IPC)修订,并于2005 年2 月4 日被CFA 协会理事会(CFA Institute Board ofGovernors)采用的。
修订之后的标准的生效时间是2006 年1 月1 日。
包含了2005 年12 月31 日以后数据的业绩表现,都必须符合修订之后的标准的要求。
只包含2005 年12 月31 日以前数据的业绩表现,可以按照符合1999 年版本的GIPS 标准进行展示(06年以前特别国家适用CVG的公司也可以宣称符合GIPS, country version of GIPS(CVG ),are granted reciprocity to claim compliance with theGIPS standards for historical periods prior to 1 January 2006。
CFA一级重要笔记
Ethic1.GIPS 初始5年,而后每年+1保存至少10年记录。
2.must promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets for theultimate benefit of society. 是原则不是standard。
3.Standard V diligence and resonable basis 可以使用第三方研报,但要定期对研报提供者进行考察。
4.Portfolio valuations must use fair market values for periods on or after 1 January2011.5.Standard III(C)–Suitability of the CFA Institute Standards of ProfessionalConduct requires that when members and candidates are in an advisory relationship with a client, they must judge the suitability of investments in the context of the client’s total portfolio.6. a personal bankruptcy does not necessarily constitute a violation of StandardI(D). If the circumstances of the bankruptcy involved fraudulent or deceitful business conduct, then failing to disclose it may constitute a violation of the Standards.7. A composite must include all actual, fee-paying, discretionary portfoliosmanaged in accordance with the same investment mandate, objective, or strategy.Quantitative methodsHypothesis testCOefficient=S/X拔The variance of the number of yearly increases over the next 10 years is σ2=np(1 −p)binomial randomThe position of the first quintile is found with the following formula:Ly= (n+ 1) × (y/100),.Free trade areas(FTA) are one of the most prevalent forms of regional integration in which all barriers to the flow of goods and services among members have been eliminated. However, each country maintains its own polices against non-members.A customs union extends the FTA by not only allowing free movement of goods and services among members but also creating a common trade policy against non-members.The common market is the next level of economic integration that incorporates all aspects of the customs union and extends it by allowing free movement of factors of production among members.Economics求谁的弹性,谁就是分母We can expand Equation 5 algebraically by noting that the percentage change in any variable x is simply the change in x (∆x) divided by the level of x. So, we can rewrite Equation 5, using a few simple steps, asE>1ELASTIC E<1 inelastic求谁的弹性,谁就是分母In summary, own-price elasticity of demand is likely to be greater (i.e., more sensitive) for items that have many close substitutes, occupy a large portion of the total budget (House), are seen to be optional instead of necessary, or have longer adjustment times. Obviously, not all these characteristics operate in the same direction for all goods, so elasticity is likely to be a complex result of these and other characteristics. In the end, the actual elasticity of demand for a particular good turns out to be an empirical fact that can be learned only from careful observation and, often, sophisticated statistical analysis.Market structureShifts in the aggregate demand curveShifts in the SR aggregate supply curve•●Easy fiscal policy/tight monetary policy: If taxes are cut or government spendingrises, the expansionary fiscal policy will lead to a rise in aggregate output. If this is accompanied by a reduction in money supply to offset the fiscal expansion, then interest rates will rise and have a negative effect on private sector demand.We have higher output and higher interest rates, and government spending will be a larger proportion of overall national income.●Tight fiscal policy/easy monetary policy: If a fiscal contraction is accompanied byexpansionary monetary policy and low interest rates, then the private sector will be stimulated and will rise as a share of GDP, while the public sector will shrink.●Easy monetary policy/easy fiscal policy: If both fiscal and monetary policy areeasy, then the joint impact will be highly expansionary—leading to a rise in aggregate demand, lower interest rates (at least if the monetary impact is larger), and growing private and public sectors.●Tight monetary policy/tight fiscal policy: Interest rates rise (at least if themonetary impact on interest rates is larger) and reduce private demand. At the same time, higher taxes and falling government spending lead to a drop in aggregate demand from both public and private sectors.Trade surplus X>MTrade dificit X <M•Empl oyed: The number of people with a job. This figure normally does not include people working in the informal sector (e.g., unlicensed cab drivers, illegal workers, etc.).Labor force: The number of people who either have a job or are actively looking for a job. This number excludes retirees, children, stay-at-home parents, full-time students, and other categories of people who are neither employed nor actively seeking employment.Unemployed: P eople who are actively seeking employment but are currently without a job. Some special subcategories include:Long-term unemployed: People who have been out of work for a long time (more than three to four months in many countries) but are still looking for a job. Frictionally unemployed: they are “between jobs,” and those new entrants or re-entrants into the labor force who have not yet found work. Frictional unemployment is short-term and transitory in natureUnemployment rate: The ratio of unemployed to labor force.Activity ratio(or participation ratio): The ratio of labor force to total population of working age (i.e., those between 16 and 64 years of age).Underemployed: A person who has a job but has the qualifications to work at a significantly higher-paying job.Discouraged worker:Discouraged workers are statistically outside the labor force (similar to children and retirees), which means they are not counted in the officialunemployment rate.•Equal weighting 1/nPrice weightingMarket-Capitalization WeightingFinancial report周转天数Money marketyield 360=FV-PV/PV*(360/days) Bond equivalent yield =FV-PV/PV*(365/days)天Discount basis yield =FV-Pv/FV*(360/days)Under US GAAP, material items that are unusual or infrequent and that are both as of reporting periods beginning after 15 December 2015 are shown as part of a company’s continuing operations but are presented separately.Fixed incomeMoneyDur = AnnModDur ×PV Full永续麦考利回流的时间ModDur =1/1+r*麦考林久期收益率变动1%,债券价格变动的% R 是期间利率。