Alice Hamilton

• From 1924 to 1930, she served as the only woman member of the League of Nations Health Committee. She published the first American textbook on the subject of Industrial Hygiene in the United States, in 1925, followed by the textbook Industrial Toxicology in 1934. • At the 1925 tetraethyl lead conference in Washington D.C. Dr. Hamilton was the most prominent critic of adding tetraethyl(四乙基的) lead to gasoline(汽油).
Hale Waihona Puke A pacifist• On the outbreak of the First World War, Hamilton and a group of women pacifists(和平 主义者) in the United States, began talking about the need to form an organization to help bring it to an end. • On the 10th January, 1915, over 3,000 women attended a meeting in the ballroom of the New Willard Hotel in Washington and formed the Woman's Peace Party.
• Hamilton graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School in 1893. • She served internships(实习) at hospitals in Minneapolis and Boston before studying bacteriology(细菌学) at the University of Leipzig and at the Johns Hopkins Medical School. • In 1897, after graduate work in bacteriology and pathology(病理学), she accepted a position as professor of pathology and director of the histological and pathological laboratories at the Woman's Medical School at Northwestern University in Chicago.
Recognition and awards
Alice Hamilton received the National Achievement Award of the Chi Omega Sorority in 1935. It was presented by Eleanor Roosevelt.She was included in the list of Men in Science in 1944 and received the Lasker Award for public service in 1947. She was named Time Woman of the Year in 1956.She died at her home in Hadlyme, Connecticut on September 22, 1970.
• Even after Hamilton retired she continued to be active in politics and campaigned against McCarthyism(麦卡锡主义), the execution of Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg, and the Vietnam War(越南战争). • At the age of eighty-eight Hamilton remarked that: "For me the satisfaction is that things are better now, and I had some part in it."
Devotion
• In 1995, her contributions to public health were honored by a U.S. Postal Service Great Americans series 55¢ postage stamp. • In 2002, Hamilton was designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of her role in the development of occupational medicine. • In recent years, Hamilton has been heralded(先驱) as a pioneering female environmentalist.The Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco sponsors an annual lectured named in recognition of Hamilton's achievements in these areas.
Alice Hamilton
(February 27, 1869, New York
City – September 22, 1970)
Evaluation
• Alice Hamilton was the first woman appointed to the faculty of Harvard University and was a leading expert in the field of occupational health. She was a pioneer in the field of toxicology(毒理学), studying occupational illnesses(职业疾 病) and the dangerous effects of industrial metals and chemical compounds(混合物) on the human body.
Introduction
• Alice Hamilton was born in 1869 to Montgomery Hamilton and Gertrude Hamilton (née Pond), in New York City, New York and raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana. She was the second of four girls, all of whom remained close throughout their childhood and into their professional careers. Alice was home schooled and completed her early education at Miss Porter'School in Farmington.
• Hamilton used this evidence to pressurize politicians to pass workmen's compensation laws and factory owners to provide safer working conditions. Hamilton's research into the dangers of industrial pollution was also used in the campaign against child labour.
Experience
• After hearing a speech by Jane Addams she decided to join the Hull House settlement in the city. Hamilton increasing became interested in social issues. In 1910,Charles S. Deneen, the governor of Illinois, appointed her to a commission to investigate occupational diseases. • She studied industrial poisoning in the lead, rubber and munitions(军需品) industries and was able to prove that lead, nitrous fumes(亚硝烟) and viscose rayon(黏胶)were causing serious side effects including mental illness, loss of vision, paralysis(麻痹) and in some cases, death.
• Also , Hamilton was a member of the League of Women Voters, the Women's Trade Union League, the National Consumer's League, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Fellowship of Reconciliation and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. • In 1927 Hamilton joined with many people such as John Dos Passos , Paul Kellogg, Jane Addams, and H. G. Wells in an effort to prevent the execution of Nicola Sacco and Bertolomeo Vanzetti.