2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(4)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(2)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案（2）Stress at Work and Still HealthyThe term could yet become the word of the year： stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere.Not onlymanagers,officials and teachers are complainingnowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also havetheir own problems.They too sacrifice themselves forothers,feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.-But that is only the negative aspect.Stress,after all,is alsolinked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension andvitality （活力）。
"Firstly,stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling fromEltvelle.The doctor and management consultant says： "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thusstress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the bodyto pressure.It is unavoidable as part of our nature： "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or .totenseness of the muscles depends on the duration （持续时间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer's personalsituation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from badmoods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world andwill take every little strife as negativestress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,arerelaxed and successful,will view a difficult round ofnegotiations or competition at work more as a positivechallenge than a cross to bear.Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation are thus the threepillars by which stress can be conquered almost everytime.These factors form a unit,explains Marita Voelker-Albert,spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition AdviceCenter in Cologne.Its campaign "Gut Drauf' （Feeling Good）is targeted at young people.The government agency's researchsuggests that three out of four adolescents feeltired,overtaxed （负担过重） and under stress.Eatingdisorders and complaints such as migraines （偏头痛） and indigestion （消化不良）,nervousness and concentrationproblems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions don't work if they are notput into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes joggingregularly,practices yoga （瑜伽功） and prescribes goodliterature as a cure for negative stress,may well end upunder more pressure as he tries to find the time for itall.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take time outto reduce stress levels over a weekend.6 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress？A Stress has both positive and negative aspects.B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body topressure.C Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.D Stress only leads to serious problems.7 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA fit and healthy.B under-or overworked.C irritated,tired and exhausted.D relaxed and happy.8 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress？A Those who are in good moods.B Those who suffer from the flu.C Those who are successful.D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.9 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECTA painful headache.B indigestion.C loss of memory.D nervousness and concentration problems.10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress？A Reading good literature.B Practicing yoga.C Working overtime.D Having a healthy diet.[参考答案]6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C。
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习(4)
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习（4）"Own" Your Children's Education"Helping them isn't about showing your kids how to do the work.It's about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they're learning,''says J.Gary Knowles,a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,part of the University of Toronto.Rozon has a slew of suggestions for how to get more,-involved."Get to know the teacher.Discuss ways to tailor the assignments to your child's learning style.Spend time in the classroom.Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find supplementary materials at the library or through videos.Read your child's textbooks：If you work a few pages ahead,you'llbe able to help them with problems they encounter.''Reading is another must,says Rozon."Even after yourchildren can read themselves,hearing somebody else read aloudis important.We nearly always have a book on the go1;we readfor at least a half hour before bedtime.The more engaged a parent is,the more the child benefits，adds Bruce Ami."The evidence is clear：Parental involvementis One of the most important factors in school success.Arai cites the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth，sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada（HRDC）,whichis measuring all aspects of child development."The hours children spend in class are but2 one element of theireducation'',states HDC,which says parental support,along with teacher support and a positive attitude towards school.all contribute to academic success."I see every moment of every day as a learning experience." says Goforth."The most satisfying part of it is seeing the,love of learning continued.I'm not squelching my children's desire to learn by insisting they learn. They learn because they want to."Adds Jeanne Lambert,mother of Carey Graham："Make the time3,take the time4,guide,lead,and encourage.If nothing else,your children learn you care,and that's the most important lesson you can give them."词汇：Slew [非正式用语] 很多squelch 压制，压服must 必须做的事注释：1、on the go：处在……过程中。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。
关于职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」
关于XX年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack out economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled, on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every. chestnut tree in North American. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it wasestimated that one million people died of starvation and related aliments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.1. How many diseases are known to attack wheat?A) Around 30,000B) Around 140C) Around 29,960D) Around 402. Aording to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?A) A world war.B) Border conflicts.C) Rations of grain and meat.D) Social upheavals.3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have asusceptibility to them.B) The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing condition change.C) A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North American.D) A blight may be a national infection.4. Aording to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented byA) killing parasites.B) inoculationC) Killing insectsD) improving growing conditions5. Which of the following statements is not true?A) Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B) Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C) Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D) Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.Keys: DDABD。
2023年职称英语卫生类级考试真题及答案
年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3 2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题（3）SmokingSince 1939，numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics，it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture of gases，vaporized chemicals，minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine，which is powerful poison，and black tar.As smoke is breathed in，all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer，but they can only slightly reduce，not eliminate the hazards.练习：1、It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2、Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3、Smoking may induce lung cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4、There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5、Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6、Nicotine is poisonous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7、Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe；A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 该题说的是：判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的。
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。
2020年职称英语《卫生A》补全短文真题及答案
2020年职称英语《卫生A》补全短文真题及答案SaunaCeremonial(仪式性的)bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath._____(46)Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours._____(47)Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis(关节炎)may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation(炎症). Asthma(气喘)patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion(阻塞)arid speed recovery time._____(48)The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes._____(49)Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to takesaunas._____(50)Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.46.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】C【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】F【解析】48.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】D【解析】49.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】B【解析】50.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】E。
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2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案
（4）
Chronic Diseases：The World's Leading Killer
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the
world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the
most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart
disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.
The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead
to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United
Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million
people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It
says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in
developing nations.
The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be
almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic
diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer
countries than in wealthier ones.
The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China
alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the
next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical
treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also
expected to face huge economic losses.
Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the st ween in
Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.
The report details the latest findings from nine
countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.
Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia
and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major
cause of death in most countries.
Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing
of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.
UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save
thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in
Asia and the Pacific.
36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2020？
A.More than 17 million.
B.More than 380 million.
C.More than 304 million.
D.More than 25 million.
37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face
A.great pressure from other countries.
B.a limited economic market.
C.a shortage of the labor force.
D.huge economic losses.
38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage？
A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.
B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.
C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.
D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.
39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the
Pacific have been
A.economic gains.
B.lost productivity.
C.chronic diseases.
D.infectious and parasitic diseases.
40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths？
A.Timely medical treatment.
B.Healthy eating.
C.More physical activity.
D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.答案：36.C37.D38.C39.D40.A。