初级中学英语语法疑问句和感叹句
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知识图谱
-疑问句-感叹句一般疑问句和特殊疑问句选择疑问句和反义疑问句What引导的感叹句How引导的感叹句第15讲_疑问句和感叹句
错题回顾
疑问句
知识精讲
疑问句指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
一、一般疑问句
1、一般疑问句概述
一般疑问句,也可称为是否型问句,因为它一般用yes或no回答的,基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调。
对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词;否定回答时,通常是No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not,not通常用省略形式,如:
---Can you swim to the other side?你能游到对岸吗?
---Yes, I can. 是的,我能。
---No, I can’t. 不,我不能。
注意:回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleasure等代替yes,用never,not at all等代替no,使得语气更加客气,委婉,如:
---Can you help me? 你能帮个忙吗?
---Certainly. 当然。
---Could you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗?
---All right, sir. 好的,先生。
---Have you been there? 你到过那里吗?
---Never. 从来没有。
二、特殊疑问句
1. 特殊疑问句概述
特殊疑问句多以who,where,when,which,whose,why这类词开头,其结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),通常读降调,如:
Who is it on the phone? 谁来的电话?
How many oranges can you see in the picture?
你能在图画上看到多少个橘子?
2. 疑问副词
三、选择疑问句
选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调。选择疑问句也分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句,但回答不能用yes或no回答,都要用完整的句子。
1. 一般选择疑问句
一般选择疑问句的结构为:一般疑问句+A or B?如:
---Will you go there by bus or by train?
---I will go by train.
—你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?
—我会坐火车去。
2. 特殊选择疑问句
特殊选择疑问句的结构为:特殊疑问句,+A or B?如:
---What would you like, coffee or tea?
---I would like coffee.
—你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?
—我想来点咖啡。
四、反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的构成
反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句,中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。
如果陈述句是肯定句,附加问句用否定句;如果陈述句是否定,附加问句用肯定句,即“前肯后否,前否后肯”。附加问句一般为“be动词(助动词、情态动词)+代词”构成,如:
They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday, did they?
他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗?
You’re coming, aren’t you?你会来的,不是吗?
2. 反意疑问句的答语
1).反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答,但是要
注意时态及代词的呼应,如:
---She is your teacher, isn’t she? 她是你的老师,是吧?
---Yes, she is. 是的,她是。
---No, she isn’t. 不,她不是。
2). 在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为“不”,no含义为“是”,如:
She can’t swim, can she? 她不会游泳,对吗?
Yes, she can. 不,她会。
No, she can’t. 是的,她不会。
三点剖析
一、考点及延伸:
中考考查疑问句重点如下:特殊疑问句中疑问词的辨别和选择;反意疑问句的提问和回答;否定形式反意疑问句的回答的正确理解。除了语法的考查,疑问句也常在各种文章中出现,能够正确理解疑问句,能很大程度地帮我们正确理解语言环境。以下两点是疑问句考点延伸:
1. 否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告,建议,责备等意味,如:
Why don’t you finish your homework?
=Why not finish your homework?
为什么不完成作业呢?
2. 陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句用may,如:
I wish to have another piece of cake, may I?
我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?
I wish to go home now, may I?
我想现在就回家,可以吗?
二、方法总结
疑问句是考试中的高频考点,重点考查疑问词选择和反意疑问句。疑问词的选择一般考查与介词的结合,比如how far, how long等一系列,重点区分各自含义和回答;反意疑问句考查较简单,只要遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则即可,注意hardly, seldom, never等有否定含义的词的出现,视为否定句,疑问部分用肯定形式。
题模精讲
题模一一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
例1.1、
---Are you sure you can do well in the final exam?
---_________, I’ve got everything ready.
A、N o, I’m not sure
B、I t’s hard to say.
C、Y es, I think so
D、I hope not
例1.2、
---_________ is your father?
---A.bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.
A、W here
B、H ow
C、W hat
D、W hich
例1.3、
对划线部分提问。
________________________________________
题模二选择疑问句和反义疑问句
例2.1、
_____________________________________________
例2.2、
---Is this a Chinese book or an English book?
---Oh, _________
A、y es, it is.
B、n o, it isn’t.
C、a n English book.
D、a music book.
例2.3、
Tom can hardly do it well, _________?
A、c an he
B、c an’t he
C、d oes he
D、d oesn’t he
例2.4、
---Don’t smoke in the reading room, _________?
---I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.
A、w ill you
B、s hall we
C、d o you
D、c an you
随堂练习
随练1.1、
---Excuse me, can I use your pen?
---_________. Here you are.
A、Yes, of course.
B、No, you can’t.
C、You are welcome.
D、It doesn’t matter.
随练1.2、
She usually does some housework on Sundays. (改为一般疑问句) _____________________________________________
随练1.3、
_____________________________________________
随练1.4、
---_________ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?
---Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.
A、Who
B、How
C、What
D、Which
随练1.5、
---_________ is the World Cup held ?
---Every 4 years.
A、How soon
B、How many
C、How often
D、How long
随练1.6、
--- Did you use to have straight or curly hair, Cindy?
---_________. I like that hair style.
A、Yes, I did
B、Straight hair
C、No, I didn’t
D、Not curly hair
随练1.7、
I don’t think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say, _________?
A、do I
B、don’t I
C、is it
D、isn’t it
随练1.8、
Jim needn’t sing this song. (改为反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
随练1.9、
You need to wait for her. (改为反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
感叹句
知识精讲
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导,“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由“what”引导的感叹句
“what”意为“多么”用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/ an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
总结其句子结构可分为以下三种:
1. 可用句型:“What + a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊!
What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊!
2. 可用句型:“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”。如:
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊!
What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!
3. 可用句型:“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。如:
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊!
What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊!
二、由“how”引导的感叹句
“how”意为“多么”,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。总结这种感叹句句子结构也分为三种:
1. 可用句型:“How+形容词/ 副词+主语+谓语!”。如:
How careful she is! 她多么细心啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!
2. 可用句型:“How+形容词+a/ an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
3. 可用句型:“How+主语+谓语!”。如:
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
三点剖析
一、考点延伸:what引导感叹句和how引导感叹句的转换。
由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换,但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如:
How beautiful a girl she is! =What a beautiful girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! =How delicious these cakes are!
二、方法总结:辨别感叹句用what还是how引导。
感叹句在考试中出现大多只考查用what还是how来引导的判断,如果只在判断层面其实很容易,最简单的方法就是背两句典型的例句,做题时只需要对照考题和记忆中的例句哪个更接近既可。如:
What a beautiful girl (she is)!
多么漂亮的一个女孩!
How delicious these cakes are!
这些蛋糕多好吃啊!
题模精讲
题模一What引导的感叹句
例1.1、
_________ excellent basketball player Jeremy Lin (林书豪) is! I really love this talented guy.
A、H ow
B、W hat
C、H ow a
D、W hat an
例1.2、
---Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou? ---Of course! _________ beautiful lanterns!
A、W hat
B、H ow
C、W hat a
D、H ow a
例1.3、
根据语境填入相应单词,构成感叹句。
_________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
题模二How引导的感叹句
例2.1、
---This math problem is so difficult that only she can work it out. --- _________ clever the girl is!
A、H ow
B、W hat a
C、W hat
D、H ow a
例2.2、
根据语境填入相应单词,构成感叹句。
_________ _________ Hei Longjiang looks in winter! (beautiful)
随堂练习
随练2.1、
_________ clever boy he is!
A、How
B、What
C、What a
D、How a
随练2.2、
---_________ beautiful place Zhangjiajie is, Lu Ming!
--- Yeah, and thousands of visitors come here to spend their holidays every year.
A、What a
B、What
C、How
D、How a
随练2.3、
---Wow, my best friend Anna got an A in her test!
--- _________ wonderful news it is!
A、What
B、What a
C、How
D、How a
随练2.4、
---__________________ interesting book! Where did you buy it?
--- In the bookshop near our school.
随练2.5、
__________________ big difference Tu Youyou has made to modern medicine in the world!
随练2.6、
__________________ interesting work it is to teach children!
随练2.7、
_________ nervous the girl was!She could not fall asleep all night.A、What B、What a
C、How
D、How a
随练2.8、
__________________ interesting our school life is!
随练2.9、
__________________ nice the fish smells! I can’t wait to taste it.
自我总结
能力拓展
拓展1、
---Mary, will you go to the cinema with me tonight?
---_________. I have a lot of homework to do.
A、Certainly
B、No, I won’t
C、I’m afraid I can’t
D、Yes, I will
拓展2、
---_________ did you work out the problem in such a short time?
---With Mr. Li’s help.
A、When
B、Where
C、How
D、Which
拓展3、
---_________ will the manager come back?
--- Maybe in three days.
A、How often
B、How long
C、How soon
D、How far
拓展4、
There’re some new machines in the house. (改为一般疑问句) _____________________________________________
拓展5、
We were busy watching the football match. (改为一般疑问句) _____________________________________________
拓展6、
_____________________________________________
拓展7、
_____________________________________________
拓展8、
_____________________________________________
拓展9、
---I hear you studied in New York last week. Was it sunny or rainy there? ---_________.
A、It was rainy
B、It is sunny
C、No,it isn’t
D、I am afraid no
拓展10、
---Don’t be late for school next time, _________?
---No, I won’t.
A、are you
B、will you
C、do you
D、did you
拓展11、
The king was unhappy. (改为反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
拓展12、
I think they knew little about it. (改为反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
拓展13、
_________ pretty the dragon boats are! I am sure the race will be very exciting.
A、How a
B、What
C、How
拓展14、
_________ wonderful book “Gulliver’s Travels”is! It became popular as soon as it came out.
A、How
B、What
C、What a
D、How a
拓展15、
__________________ useful advice you gave us!
拓展16、
Look! The model is walking to us. __________________ nice dress!
拓展17、
--- It’s said that a robot called AlphaGo won the competition over a Korean player in March.
--- __________________ amazing news! I can’t believe!
拓展18、
---look at the cloud! It looks like a rabbit.
---Wow. _________ beautiful!
A、What
B、What a
C、How
D、How a
拓展19、
--- So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.
--- ______ he runs!
A、How slow
B、How fast
C、What a slow
D、What a fast
拓展20、
---We’ll move in the new classroom next week.
--- _________ good news! It’s much bigger and brighter.
A、How an
B、What an
C、How
D、What
拓展21、
_________ the man looks at his son! He thinks his son is getting more and more _________.
A、How angry; carelessly
B、What angry; carelessly
C、How angrily; careless
D、What angrily; careless
拓展22、
--- Wow! __________________ beautiful the music is!
--- Yes. That’s my favorite.
拓展23、
__________________ useful the information he gave us is!
拓展24、
初中英语语法专项习题:倒装句和感叹句
初中英语语法专项习题:倒装句和感叹句 Ⅰ、倒装句。 1. —I'm going to visit the Lugou Bridge tomorrow. —______. A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 2. Yao Ming works hard on his English and ______. A. so Liu Xiang does B. so is Liu Xiang C. so does Liu Xiang D. so Liu Xiang is 3. If you don’t go swimming tomorrow, _______. A. so I don’t go B. nor will I C. so do I D. neither do I 4. Lily hasn't finished her work yet. A. So has he. B. Neither has he. C. He has too. D. He hasn't too. 5. —She is very beautiful in her class. —______. A. So is she B. So she is C. Neither does she D. Nor is she 6. On the east of the river ______ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 7. On every piece of the paper _____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. Only when you remember all the new words ______ study English well. A. can you B. you can C. did you D. you could 9. ______ that there were so many girls in this school before. A. Little I knew B. Little did I know C. Little I did I know D. Little had I known 10. Not until yesterday______ the truth about the accident. A. I knew B. I did know C. I had known D. did I know 11. Hardly ______ my homework when Jim came to visit him. A. have I finished B. had I finished C. I had finished D. I have finished Ⅱ、用What , What a , What an , How填空。 1. _____________ hot the weather is! 2. _____________ hard her father works! 3. _____________ long way it is from Guangdong to Paris! 4. _____________ fine day it was yesterday! 5. _____________ beautiful your voice is! 6. _____________ interesting picture-books! 7. _____________ lovely baby! 8. _____________ strong wind! 9. _____________ sad new he told us! 10. _____________ happy she was last weekend! 11. _____________ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? 12. _____________ nice the garden is! 13. _____________ difficult work he did! 14. _____________ broken the house looks! 15. _____________ happy life we have! 16. _____________ well my deskmate swims! 17. _____________ delicious mooncakes!
初中感叹句详解及练习题
感叹句 一、什么叫感叹句 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。 二、感叹句的基本句型 【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词+ 名词+ 主语+ 谓语! What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊! What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊! What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊! What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊! 【说明】在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词,如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a / an,如: What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊! What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊! What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊! 【句型二】How + 形容词/ 副词+ 主语+ 谓语! How well you look! 你气色真好! How kind you are! 你心肠真好! How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听! How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊! How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊! 【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,但动词不提前。如: How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊!
(完整版)初中英语语法八大时态总结,推荐文档
初中英语语法八大时态 一.一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二.一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
初中英语语法--倒装句教学总结
英语倒装句(Inversion) 主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序: 一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order); 二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。 而倒装语序中又有完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion) 完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。 此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 部分倒装(Partial Inversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。 如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 一)表示强调倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句, 表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例子: So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 4.某些副词开头的句子构成的完全倒装here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成 完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词,如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。 需要注意的是,当主语是代词时,不能构成倒装。 例子: Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Here it is. 在这里。 Here is your key.这是你的钥匙。 二)承上启下 1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so+be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语" 或"neither/nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。 其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同",第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。 例子: A:His brother is(not) a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .) A:他弟弟(不)是大学生, B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。) A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.) A:他曾去国外深造过。 B:我也去过。(我也没有。) A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .) A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。 B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构
初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.
He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
初中英语语法 知识点(全)
七年级(上) 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in (如in English) 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes,it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式:①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I,+es ④o结尾,除了negro hero tomato potato +es,其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入(团体组织)take part in 参加(活动) 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况:主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it?=what’s time?询问钟点回答:It is….(一律) 单词:trumpet喇叭racket(网球羽毛球)球拍plural复数,复数形式,复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数 七年级(下) 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一,再一 other 其他的,别的(无范围)+名词(复数) the other 两个中的另一个(通常搭配one…the other…) others 其他的人或物(代词) the others 多个中的剩余几个(不加名词,通常搭配some….the others…) 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do?询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天(状语)everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上(非树本身的一部分)on the tree 在树上(树上的一部分) 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来
初中英语语法:感叹句
初中英语语法:感叹句 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种,一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号!。用降调。下面就是小编给大家带来的关于感叹句的语法,希望能帮助到大家! 英语语法大全之感叹句 What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的小男孩啊! How clever the boy is! 这小男孩多聪明啊! 1What引导的感叹句 What a beautiful city it is! (这是个)多么美丽的城市啊! 句型:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2how引导的感叹句
How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊! 1.句型:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! How hard he works! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) How he loves his son! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 2.how修饰动词时,动词并不提前。 How I want to be a teacher! 我多想当个老师啊! 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如: What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!How cold it is! 注意 what和how引导的两种感叹句,在口语中常用简略式,即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如: How cold! 多冷啊! What heavy traffic! 交通多挤啊! 比较
(完整)初中英语感叹句讲解
感叹句结构及用法 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导,"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、由"what"引导的感叹句: "what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如: ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! 二、由"how"引导的感叹句: "how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是: How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语. 如: ① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! ② How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀! 三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。如: ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀! ② What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀! 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略 去不讲。 如: ① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! ② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! ③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀!
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
最新初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编含答案解析(2)
一、选择题 1.Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A.is; her B.are; them C.are; her D.is; them 2.These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A.well B.wonderfully C.nice D.bad 3.The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A.eat B.drink C.taste D.sound 4.The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited 5.I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A.do B.does C.have D.has 6.—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A.buys B.looks C.finds 7.This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A.looks B.feels C.sounds D.hears 8.—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A.So have I B.So am I C.Neither have I D.Nor am I 9.Amy and her best friend often________books together. A.read B.reads C.look D.looks 10.—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A.am B.is C.are 11.—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A.Stop; having B.Stop; have C.To stop; have. D.To stop; to have 12.In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A.to cry; to cry B.cry; cry C.to cry; cry D.cry; to cry 13.I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it? A.have, bought B.did buy C.will, buy D.do , buy 14.2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A.came true B.come true C.comes true D.coming true 15.Alice, it's time for school. Let me _______, or I will be late for class. A.go B.come C.to go D.to come 16.—Where__________ your friend __________from? —He comes from England.
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法总结感叹句参考
初中英语语法总结感叹句参考 What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的小男孩啊! How clever the boy is! 这小男孩多聪明啊! 1What引导的感叹句 What a beautiful city it is! (这是个)多么美丽的城市啊! 句型:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2how引导的感叹句 How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊! 1.句型:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! How hard he works! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How he loves his son! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 2.how修饰动词时,动词并不提前。 How I want to be a teacher! 我多想当个老师啊! 上述两种感叹句能够互相转换。例如: What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!→How cold it is! 注意 what和how引导的两种感叹句,在口语中常用简略式,即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如: How cold! 多冷啊! What heavy traffic! 交通多挤啊! 比较 感叹句和特殊疑问句 感叹句:How busy you are!(陈述句语序) 你多么忙啊! 疑问句:How busy are you?(疑问句语序)