大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 6 英汉词语对比
大学英语Unit 6 单词整理

Unit 6 单词整理intelligence与intelligentintelligence:智力,理解力1. His intelligence quotient is very high.他的智商很高。
1.You should use your intelligence.你应该发挥你的聪明才智。
intelligent:聪明的,智能的adj. Though very intelligent, she is nevertheless rather modest.她很聪明,倒也很谦虚。
Someone as intelligent as you should go far.像你这样聪明的人一定很有作为。
这些形容词均含有“聪明的”之意。
bright: 口语常用词,多指年轻人,尤指小孩思路敏捷,理解力强,机灵等。
clever: 强调头脑灵活,接受新事物快,有智有谋,但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐,而是有远见,有智慧,能明智地处理问题。
brilliant: 指人的才华出众,思路敏捷,常令人赞叹不已。
intelligent: 正式用词,指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时,智力超过一般常人。
ingenious: 指思路敏捷,并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
smart: 普通用词,与bright和clever的意思很相近,但更强调机灵。
shrewd: 指精明老练,有头脑,善于判断和把握有利机会。
intelligent与intellectual的比较:前者仅仅只一个人不是笨的或者头脑不好的,而后者之一个人才智出众,超过正常人,因此,可以说一个人intelligent但不intellectual,绝不可说一个人intellectual,但不intelligent。
reveal: vt. 显示, 透露, 揭示, 展现I promise never to reveal his secret.1.我答应决不泄漏他的秘密。
英汉翻译教程unit6

• 11. Thunder roared and a pouring rain started. • 试翻译:雷声怒吼中开始下起了倾盆大雨。(拟人) 试翻译:雷声怒吼中开始下起了倾盆大雨。(拟人) 。(拟人 • 12. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. • 试翻译: 建一个室内游泳池只花几美元。(夸张) 。(夸张 试翻译: 建一个室内游泳池只花几美元。(夸张) • 13. To tell you the truth, I was really scared to death at that time. • 试翻译:说真的,我那时真是吓得要死。(夸张) 试翻译:说真的,我那时真是吓得要死。(夸张) 。(夸张 • 14. His words made my blood freeze. • 试翻译:听了他的话,我的血都快凝固了。(夸张) 试翻译:听了他的话,我的血都快凝固了。(夸张) 。(夸张 • 15. He threw a nervous glance at his brother. • 试翻译:他紧张地朝他的兄弟瞥了一眼。(移就) 试翻译:他紧张地朝他的兄弟瞥了一眼。(移就) 。(移就
• "You're giving me a pain in the neck," shouted Dr. Ruby, "Do you have a chip on my shoulder or something? Just laugh!" • 你是不是成心找不愉快 成心找不愉快? 成心找不愉快 • "I don't have a chip on my shoulder. Nothing is broken. I told you I have a sore throat and a pain in my knee." • "My knee only hurts when dance," said the doctor. "That's because I have two left feet." • 那是因为我笨手笨脚 笨手笨脚。" 笨手笨脚
《大学英语》第6段 段落与课文翻译

Book 3 Unit 4 中译英翻译你能想像一个身体严重残疾的妇女独自经营一个网站并且像一个专业的体育记者一样详细报道洛杉矶道奇队吗?如果我没有亲眼见到她蜷曲在轮椅里,用固定在头上的一根棍子敲击字键打出她的评论,我是绝不会相信的。
我长途驱车希望揭露一个精心策划的骗局,但是,看着她在黑暗的棚屋里添写她的报道,我知道我发现了一个真正的赢家。
她对棒球的热情和她对球员的信赖使我回到了积极的态度。
Could you imagine a woman with a severe physical handicap running a website on her own and covering the Los Angles Dodgers as extensively as a professional sportswriter? I would never believe it if I had not seen her with my own eyes, curled up in a wheelchair, typing her comments by hitting the key with a pointer fastened to her head. I had driven a long way in hopes of uncovering an elaborate hoax, but watching her strain in the gloom of her shanty to add to her story, I knew I had found a true winner. Her enthusiasm for the game and her trust in the athletes brought me back to a positive attitude.Unit 5 中译英翻译1) 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。
大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

大学英语精读第6册全文课文翻译THE QUEST FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCEThrough all of our history we have pondered the stars and musedwhether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the ni ghtsky, there are other beings who con template and wonder as we do, fellowthinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differe ntly. Somewhereelse there might be very exotic biologies and tech no logies and societies.In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary huma n un dersta nding, we are a little Ion ely; and we ponder the ultimate significanee, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue pla net.The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a gen erally acceptable cosmic con text for the huma n species. In the deepest sen se, the search forextraterrestrial in tellige nce is a search for ourselves.In the last few years -- in one-millionth the lifetimeof our species on this planet -- we have achieved anextraord inary tech no logical capability which en ables us to seek out uni mag in ably dista nt civilizati ons even if they areno more adva need tha n we. That capability is called radio astr onomy and in volves sin gle radio telescopes, collecti ons or arrays of radio telescopes, sen sitive radio detectors, advaneed computers for processing received date, and theimagi natio n and skill of dedicated scie ntists. Radio astronomy has in the last decade opened a new window on the physical uni verse. It may also, if we are wise eno ugh to make the effort, cast a profo und light on the biological uni verse.Some scie ntists work ing on the questi on of extraterrestrial intelligence, myself among them, have attempted to estimate the number of advaneed technical civilizatio ns -- defi ned operati on ally as societies capable of radio astronomy -- in the Milky Way Galaxy. Such estimates are little better than guesses. They require assigningnumerical values to quantities such as the numbers and ages of stars;the abundance of planetary systems and the likelihood of the origin of life, which we know less well;and the probability of the evoluti on of in tellige nt life andthe lifetime of technical civilizations, about which we know very little in deed.When we do the arithmetic, the sorts of nu mbers we come up with are, characteristically, around a million technical civilizations. A million civilizations is a breathtakingly large number, and it is exhilarating to imagine the diversity,lifestyles and commerce of those million worlds. But the MilkyWay Galaxy contains some 250 billi on stars, and eve n with a million civilizations, less than one star in 200,000 would探寻外星人自从人类有历史记载以来,我们一直在思索着星星,反复考虑是否只有人类存在,或者说在太空深处的某个地方是否存在其他同我们一样在不停地思索着的生命,也就是宇宙中跟我们一起思考的人。
全新版大学英语第三册unit 6 重要单词,词组讲解

Para 1be familiar for 因…而被熟悉find the taste in art 发现在艺术方面的兴趣in tune 和谐的(地)in tune:harmonious(ly) (often followed by with)- 他的想法与我的一样。
(=His ideas were in tune with mine.)- The price of gold coins fluctuates (波动) in tune with that of commodities.Collocation:out of tune with …与…不和谐change one’s tune改变看法、做法等Para 2scarcely, barely & hardly这三个词都是副词,都有“几乎不、刚好”之意。
scarcely 含有“不太够”的意思,强调不能令人满意。
例如:He is so uneducated that he can scarcely write his name.barely 含有“仅仅够、一点不多”的意思,强调没有多余。
例如:We barely succeeded.hardly 表示接近最低限度,差不多没有多余,而且强调困难。
例如:We could hardly endure the winter here.Para 4one chance in ten 十分之一的机会,一成机会make up one’s mind 下定决心Para 6bosh 胡说bullshit, nonsensebe worth doing 值得做Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他说的话没有一句值得听。
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气think twice 再三考虑Para8subtract from 从…中减去march into 迈向merry: adj.happy; cheerful; bright and gay- Peter and Mary were strolling about among the merry crowd enjoying Christmas Eve in Time Square.- We had a merry time at the party.- The more the merrier, the fewer the better fare.(=人越多越快乐, 人越少吃得越香。
英汉翻译讲义 Unit 6

Unit 6 Omission教学目的:通过对以前所学习的英语和汉语句法结构的区别的回顾,在把英语翻译成汉语的过程中,把握如何删减不必要的词语,使译文表达通顺、自然,减词不减意。
教学重点:省略法的运用1. 代词的省略.2.冠词的省略 3. 介词的省略4. 连词的省略 5. 动词的省略 6. 非人称代词 "It"的省略教学内容:所谓省词译法,就是把原文中需要而译文中不需要的单词、词组等在翻译过程中加以省略。
英汉翻译过程中词语减省译法大致分为两类:句法性减省和修辞性减省。
1. 省略冠词Article不定冠词(a/an)最基本的意义是“一”,表示数字概念时不能省略,但用于引伸意义表示类别,或用在固定短语中,可省略不译。
定冠词(the)用在表示方位的名词前,或形容词(形容词最高级)、专有名词之前,特别是用在固定短语或词组中时,常常省略不译。
Ex 1. The horse is a useful animal.Ex 2. The earth goes around the sun.2.省略介词Preposition一般说来,表示时间和地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都可以省略,出现在句尾大都不省略。
Ex 3. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China.Ex 4. Smoking is prohibited in public places.3. 省略代词Pronouns人称代词we,you,及不定代词one,ones在句中含有泛指的意思时,常可省略不译;it在句中(引导主语、宾语、或强调句中)作为引导词,没有实际意义,可省略;作宾语或同位语用的反身代词,常可省略不译;作定语用的物主代词,常可省略不译,这样其关系更为明确些。
Ex 5. We live and learn.Ex 6. 有条件要上;没有条件,创造条件也要上。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第六章 商贸翻译

由于国际贸易双方具有非常明确的目的,在其签订合同或起草来往的函电中 往往使用缩略词来简化术语表达。这些缩略语是双方都了解的国际通用的表 达术语,既节省了双方的时间,又能准确表达其目的,所以在实际运用中是 非常流行的,也被贸易双方所接受,这也是学生需要重点学习的。如:
OPEC (The organization of petroleum Exporting Country)石油输出组织。
专业术语:汇付remit 信汇mail transfer 订金down payment 跟单托收documentary collection 缩写词:提单 B/L ( Bill of Landing) 装箱单 P/L (Packing List) 商船 M.V. (Merchant Vessel)
特定含义:他经常向有困难的人主动提供帮助。 He always offers his help to those who meet difficulties.
目的港船上交货(Delivered EX Ship,DES) 未完税交货(Delivered Duty Unpaid,DDU)
目的港码头交货(Delivered EX Quay,DEQ) 完税后交货(Delivered Duty Paid,DDP)
象征性交货( Symbolic Delivery )
良好平均品质(Fair Average Quality, FAQ)
对等样品;回样(Counter Sample) 拼箱货( Less than Container Load, LCL )
国际多式联运(International Multimodal Transport 或 International Combined Transport, 美国也
大学英语CET3-Unit 6 单词详解

convert
v.
1. 转变,变换 They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。 2.(使)皈依;(使)改变信仰 The priest converted many natives into Christianity. 这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。 3. 兑换(证券、货币等) He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen. 他想将美元换成日币。
n.
1. 归附者,皈依者,改变信仰者 He is a convert to Buddhism. 他皈依佛教。
distinguish v.
1. distinguish (between) A and B; distinguish A from B 区别,辨别(人或事物) We should distinguish between right and wrong. 我们应辨别是非。 2. distinguish A (from) B 显示(两者)之间的差别; 为某人[某事物]之特征或特性,使某人[某事 物]有所不同 I must distinguish myself from other people. 我一定要与众不同。 3. 看清、听清...(某事物) I can't distinguish things so far. 那么远的东西我分不清。 4. distinguish oneself(因善于做某事)受人注目,出名 He distinguished himself by his scholarship. 他以博学而闻名。
premise
• n.
1.前提;假定 His reasoning is based on the premise that all people are equally capable of good ang evil. 他的推理是以人可以为善亦可以为恶为前提的。
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早期汉语词语以单音节和多音节的单纯词居多:“天”,地”, “人”,“蜘蛛”,“彷徨”,“窈窕”,“徘徊”,等等。发 展过程中,汉语词汇构词方式日益多样化,合成词逐渐增多;汉 语还吸收了许多外来词汇。
英语:词,短语,当今世界上国际性最强,使用最广泛的语言, 词汇量颇为丰富。 发展过程中,1)新造词(coined-up words; coinage); 2)通过各类构词法产生新词 (words from new formations); 3)吸收了大量外来词汇 ( loaned words; loans)
6.词语的翻译(一) 英汉词语对比 6.1 构词特征 6.2 词义关系 6.3 文化内涵 Reference Key to Exercise Six
6.1 构词特征 (Features of Word Formation)
汉语:字,词组,由“字”所构成的灵活多样、数量巨大的词 是汉语使用的主体层级,其使用价值为最高。
Semantic Relations of Words 词义关系
部分对应(Partial Correspondence)
在英语和汉语之间,有些词在词义上只有部分对应。 1、它们的意义范围有广、狭之分。例如: uncle — 叔叔,叔父,伯父,姑父,姨父,舅父 再如:“吃饭、吃药、吃官司、吃苦、吃回扣” 中的 “吃” 词 义范围远远大于英语的表层对应词 eat ,在英文中其正确意义包括 have (a meal),take(medicine),involve in(a legal action),bear (hardships),receive(rebate),等等。 2、对应词的词义有抽象和具体、一般和个别之分。如: 1) beauty — 美貌(抽象),美人(具体) 2) 饭 — meal(一般),breakfast,lunch,supper,rice(个别)
由于英、汉语分属不同的语言谱系和语言类型,在构词方
式上仍呈现出许多不同之处。总体说来,利用加缀法派生而 来的词语在英语中的比例要比在汉语中高;而复合法构词的 比例在汉语中要比在英语中高。
6. 2 词义关系 (Semantic Relations of Words)
词语除了具备形态特征,还具有约定俗成的词义,对词义 的准确理解是翻译实践中的基础和重要环节。只有这样,才能 恰当地选择译文中的对应词,精准得体地翻译。 语言的形成和发展受到社会文化因素的影响,不同文化之 间既有差异,也有相通之处,因此,不同语言之间也必然存在 着种种异同,从词语意义来看,存在着对应与不对应的关系。
Features of Word Formation 构词特征
英语和汉语词汇的构词方式: 加缀法(affixation) 音变法(sound-changing) 复合法(compounding) 缩略法(abbreviation) 重叠法(reduplication) 减缀法(back formation) 转化法(conversion)
词义对应关系可分为:
完全对应(Complete Correspondence) 部分对应(Partial Correspondence)
交叉对应(Intersection in Meaning)
不对应 / 零对应(Zero Correspondence)
Semantic Relations of Words 词义关系
由于一词多义现象的普遍存在,一个汉语词的词义可以 能在汉语中找到多个词义与之对应的词语。这样就形成了一 种交叉的词义对应关系。例如:
A Practical Course in English-Chinese Translation
Pre-learning translation 1) A burnt child dreads the fire. 2) A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 3) 信息高速公路 4) 暗箱操作 Reference 1) 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。 2) 吃一堑,长一智。 3) information highway 4) black case work
完全对应(Complete Correspondence)
由于人类物质文化、感觉、认知和思维方式等方面的相似,英语和 汉语中有些词所表示的意义是完全互相对应的。主要是一些已有通用译 名的专有名词、科技术语和日常生活中的一些事物的名称。例如: Shakespeare — 莎士比亚,the Himalayas — 喜马拉雅山脉, astronomy — 天文学,multimedia —多媒体,philosophy — 哲学, baby — 婴儿,sky — 天空,snow — 雪,等等。 这类词语一般不会带来翻译障碍,不存在词义的选择和转化问题。 但是,我们在译语中寻找词义对应的词语时,还得提防找到的是 “假朋 友”,即假对应词。例如: brown sugar ≠ 褐糖(= 红糖) 吃药 ≠ eat medicine (= take medicine) 喝汤 ≠ drink the soup (= eat / have the soup) 拳头产品 ≠ fist product (= knockout product)(原语中“拳头”的意 义已经引申为“引人注目的人或事”) green hand ≠ 绿手(= 新手)(原语中green一词多义,除了指“绿 色”,还指“无经验的”) drawing room ≠ 画室(= 客厅)
3、还有些词语指称意义对应,但蕴涵意义不对应。例如: 英语的west wind和汉语的“西风”(指称的自然现象对应,但蕴 涵意义则迥然相异。英语的 west wind 相当于汉语的东风,具有温暖, 和煦的含义。)
Semantic Relations of Words 词义关系
交叉对应(Intersection in Meaning)