定语从句(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
人教版9年级英语unit9定语从句专题学生版
定语从句一．定义：在复合从句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句结构：（）This is the book {that} I introduced to you.（）（）定语从句：修饰名词或代词的句子。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。
二．关系词引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词（包括“关系代词”“关系副词”）。
关系代词在从句中代表先行词作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词代表先行词在从句中作状语。
词+whom/which”不能省）。
Have you seen the book （that / which）I gave you yesterday？考点二：主谓一致1.I found a book which _____(be) quite interesting.2.The pen and the book that _______(be) on the desk belong to Tom.3.He is using his new smartphone which he _______(buy) yesterday.4.Linda likes the song very much which _____(sound) relaxing.5.Are there any students who ______(be) to Beijing before.6.I dislike the city where he _____ (go) to college next year.7.She is one of the students who _____ (like) playing the piano.8.She is the only one of the students who _____ (like) playing the piano.注意：“one of +复数名词”作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；若是“the only/very/right + one of +复数名词”，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
定语从句长难句(学生)
1. As far as the third factor is concerned,the history of scienee shows manyinstances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedi ngly powerful resista nee to further in vestigati on ;i n some cases cen turies elapsed before this resista nee was even tually broke n dow n,as happe ned in cosmology,for example.译文至于第三个因素，科学史中有许多事例表明，权威的力量起到这样一种作用：它给进一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下，要花上几个世纪的时间才能最终打破这道障碍。
例如，在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。
2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an en vir onment wherethere are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激因素的环境里长大，而这些刺激因素能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。
3. I suggest tran sform ing our social system from a bureaucratically man agedin dustrialism in which maximal product ion and con sumpti on are ends in themselvesinto a humanist industrialism in which manand full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social arrangements.译文我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的产业体制转变为一个充分发挥人的潜能一一即爱和理智的潜能一一为其全部社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体制。
备课培优人教版小学九年级(下)英语专题：定语从句(学生版)-
定语从句____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.能够理解定语从句的概念，先行词，关系词2.能够正确使用各个先行词一．定语从句概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二．定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三．关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
定语从句学生版
定语从句定语从句的考查在高考中主要出现在单选、改错中，也可用于作文中。
主要考查的知识点：(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。
(2)只能用that/which引导定语从句的情形。
(3)介词加关系代词的用法。
(4) as和which引导非限制性定语从句(5)与句式、时态、主谓一致结合来考(6)与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句的区别解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系代词还是副词，并且确定具体用哪个关系词。
如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，“…的”。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等在从句缺主语或宾语、表语的时候使用；关系副词：where, when, why。
例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.分析：that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。
关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that 人或物主语、宾语、表语（逗号后不能使用）which 物或主句内容（翻译成“这”）主语、宾语或定语（介词后或逗号后）who 人主语或宾语whom 人宾语（介词之后）whose 人或物（翻译成“谁的”）定语as 人或物或主句内容（翻译成“正如”）主语或宾语关系副词when 时间状语where 地点状语why 原因状语【练习】用适当的连接词填空(1) I will remember the days__________we spent together.(2) June 7 is the day ________we begin to take the college entrance examination.(3) This is the place___________we visited the day before yesterday.(4) This is the place _________ he worked for ten years.【解题技巧】规则1：用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它作什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
专题 定语从句(学生)
专题6-定语从句定语从句的定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.2、关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。
）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中，which可以做主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人做主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中定语从句讲义(学生用)
高考定语从句专题讲解（一）定义及相关术语需要理解的概念定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
①数词作定语相当于形容词Two boys need two pens.（two修饰名词boy：two修饰名词pen）/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
②代词或名词所有格作定语His son needs Tom's pen.（his修饰名词son；Tom’s修饰名词pen）/他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。
③介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours 修饰名词pen）/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
④名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.（ball修饰名词pen）/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
⑤副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.（there修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑥不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.（to write this letter 修饰名词boy）/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑦分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
⑧定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.（who修饰名词boy；which 修饰名词pen）/那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
定语从句翻译练习(学生用)
定语从句翻译练习这就是救了孩子生命的医生她就是我要介绍给你的新学生我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆He is the only person that is believable.Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？那辆坏了轮胎自行车现在已经修好了。
你知道他打算娶你的原因吗？我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。
我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。
他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁人了。
她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
有什么事我能帮你吗？这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。
正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。
我们现在学商务英语非常有用。
一些管理语言部门的学者争辩说最致命的武器不是公众对于小语种的漠不关心而是经济全球化。
商品正在变得更加便宜，遗憾的是，这冒着商品质量正在下降的风险。
培养人才需要政府支持那些显示出决定、信心、勇气和不断为国家做贡献而努力的大学生。
环境教育给人们提供了一个舞台，在此，这一系列的技术在很大程度上给人们带来了大量的便利，这对富人和穷人来说都必不可少。
街道、超市、银行等基础设施还是需要修建的，尤其是在人们基本需求还无法满足的发展中国家。
定语从句改错练习1.The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.2.The house stood at the place which the roads meet.3.Did you see the young man whom was chosen the League secretary?4.We shall visit the university where my father teaches there.5.Can you think of anyone who’s house is on a pile of rocks?6.The day which I was to start arrived at last.7.I have known the reason which she is so worried.8.This is the girl who practice playing the piano everyday.9.The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well.11.Is she the girl who her grandfather was a Red Army man?21. Which is known to all, the earth is round.23 It is such a hot day as I want to go swimming very much.28. Which is known to all, Lu Xun is dead.。
定语从句(学生版)
定语从句（一）识别和划出定语从句1.识别定语a clever/handsome boy the boiling water fallen leavesthe book on the desk the man standing over there stories in the Long March2.识别定语从句定语从句的定义：___________作定语, 用于修饰或限定整个主句或主句中的_______或______。
特点: 去掉从句之后, 剩余句子___________。
定语从句中的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词e.g. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）先行词：____________________________称为先行词。
上句中______________即为先行词。
关系词：重复______________指代，起连接______________的作用并且在定语从句中充当______________的连词。
上句中的______________即为关系词。
3. 划分定语从句起点：定语从句始于：关系词；介词+关系代词终点：定语从句截止于：______________；特殊符号；句末【过关检测】划出定语从句1.【★☆☆】The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. （2020新高考全国I卷）2.【★☆☆】The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.（2020全国卷2）3.【★☆☆】At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills.（2017 济南一中）4.【★☆☆】Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults. （2020全国卷3）5.【★★☆】In 2002, Mandela became a public supporter of AIDS knowledge and treatment programsin a culture where the disease had made people feel ashamed.（2018 省实验）6·But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. （2020山东）7·The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）8·Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. （2020全国卷2）9·Johnny also got me thinking about the smaller room that was now my home office. (2018济南）10.We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. （2020全国卷3）11.【★☆☆】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）. （2020新高考全国I卷）12.【★☆☆】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. （2020新高考全国I卷）（二）定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句区别：1.形式上：有无_________；2.意义上：限定性定语从句起_________的作用；非限定性定语从句起_________的作用。
专题 09定语从句(学生卷)--十年(2015-2024)高考真题英语分项汇编(全国通用)
十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）专题09定语从句2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands____63____a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route ____64____brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the_____65_____(rich) of gardening in England.2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the____49____（large）United States national park—2.2million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,_____50_____became a national monument in1978,took the honors as a national park in1980with12.3million acres.3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu,___36___is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.4.【2024北京卷】Tinniswood,___17___doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.“If you eat too much or do too much of anything,you’re going to suffer eventually,”he said.5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way____38____will make them the most money.2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place____43____welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with21st-century architectural____44____(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color lookedjust perfect.3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,___43___Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow.”...5.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.6.【2023年全国甲卷】She even played some recordings of their singing,what was fun.7.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,____18____thousands were attending a water conference.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2【2022全国甲卷】On the1,100.Kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,_________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed40cities and counties in three province.3【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics__________are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.4.【2022年北京卷】That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of____18____are only good for one use.5.【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler,________routes round a city or a site are often suggested.A.for whichB.with whichC.for whomD.with whom2021年1.【2021.1浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool2gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes________we can learn without repeating them.A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom3.【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring,a season________we are1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which4.【2021.3天津卷】At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when2020年1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot63.it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61.paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation hadmade him proud.4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷（山东卷）】The80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38.(form) the core collection of the British Museum39.opened in1759.6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.7.【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early1990s,____________he gave it to his grandson.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who8.【2020年江苏卷】Many lessons are now available online,from_____students can choose for free.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.whom2019年1.【2019年全国卷Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from9am to5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters___64___had great experience with caring for these animals.4.【2019年全国卷III】In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those___9___are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways,A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth___58___gives off light in the dark.7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age_______dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that8.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what2018年1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005—when the government___68___(start)a soil-testing program___69___gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since2011,the country___4.【2018年浙江卷6月】Many westerners57come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap58can be to eat out.5.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health.6.【2018年天津卷】Kae,_________sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her2017年1.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.2.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】But Sarah,64has taken part in shows along with top models,wants65(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her66(educate).3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.4.【2017年浙江卷】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got63(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.5.【2017年北京卷】The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when6.【2017年江苏卷】In1963the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of____________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whom7.【2017年天津卷】My eldest son,___________work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who2016年1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】But my connection with pandas goes back64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65I was the first Western TV reporter66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area....Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.3.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,67lived from roughly551to479B.C.,influenced the68(develop)of chopsticks.4.【2016年四川卷】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.5.【2016年天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_____________the weather may be better.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when6.【2016年北京卷】I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which7.【2016年江苏卷】Many young people,most_________were well-educated,headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those2015年1.【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River64are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65(painting).3.【2015年北京卷】Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,you can hear some lovely music.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where4.【2015年福建卷】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,__________shows that more and morepeople all over the world want to learn about China.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which5.【2015年湖南卷】It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as it must have done100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which6.【2015年江苏卷】_____Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How7.【2015年陕西卷】As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when8.【2015年四川卷】The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.A．which B.what C.whose D.that9.【2015年天津卷】The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere___________his employees enjoy their work.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who10.【2015年浙江卷】Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A.asB.whoseC.in whichD.at which11.【2015年重庆卷】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of____were published in the1990s.A.whomB.whichC.themD.that。
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模块一：定语从句（一）定义1. 在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.2. 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词.1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman..先行词关系代词定语从句2) You must do everythingthat I do.先行词关系代词定语从句（二）定语从句分类限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（1）限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
①He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个)②He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books, which are written in English.③A student who studies hard will make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.（2）什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句1）当先行词是专有名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句，它本身就具有特殊性，无需在加限定。
Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly.My house, which I bought last year, has got a garden .Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.2) 当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一个，但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个，Her room has a window which faces south.Her room has a window, which faces south.I have a brother who is working in Beijing.I have a brother, who is working in Beijing.3.当先行词表示类属意义，即表示某类动物，事物或人时，其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。
A sleep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses.Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world.(三)：定语从句引导词1.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.2.关系副词when, where, why等.（1）关系代词的作用1）连接主句和从句。
2）代表被修饰的先行词。
3）在定语从句做一个句子成分。
This is the roomwhich I lived in last year.先行词关系代词定语从句（2）同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用(成分)来决定。
(3) 关系词所做的成份是由从句中的动词来决定的This is the place where we work.（vi.）This is the place which we visited. (vt. )(4)关系代词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。
I want to see the film that is on show.The students who don’t study hard will not pas the exam.(5)one of the… 与the one of the … 做先行词时谓语不一致。
①Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China.Li Bai is the one ofthe greatest poets that has lived in China.②This is one of the books that I have been written in Chinese.This is the only one of the books that has been written in Chinese.③He is one of the boys who are willing to do it.He is the only one of the boys who is willing to do it.（四）关系代词that、which、who的区别1. 只能用that的情况(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
All the people that are present burst into tears.Everything that we saw was interesting.I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.All that is needed is a supply of oil.(2) 如果先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用I read all the books that you gave to me.This is the only money that I have in my pocket.All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project.(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。
This is the first book that was written in English.This is the last factory that I visited.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the funniest thing that I ever heard.(4)如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which. This is the only book that I really like.He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.(5)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。
而不用who, which.The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.Who is the person that is standing there?Which of us that knows English doesn’t know this?which of the novel do you like best?(7) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.It took us many years to make the city that it is today.He is not the man that he used to be.China isn’t the country it used to be.(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water.(9) 当主句“ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。
There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.(10) 当先行词是“ to be “ 后面的表语时，关系代词用that .This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.2.只能用which的情况（1）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. Bei jing , which is china’s capital, is rich in culture.（2）those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。
不能用关系代词that。
That pen which he took is mine.A shop should keep those goods which sells well.（3）介词后只用whichThis is the room in which he lived.I don’t know the man to whom you talked.The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。